scholarly journals Processing and Characterization of a Polypropylene Biocomposite Compounded with Maleated and Acrylated Compatibilizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. Nerenz ◽  
Michael A. Fuqua ◽  
Venkata S. Chevali ◽  
Chad A. Ulven
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Particulate Reinforcement

Polypropylene (PP) biocomposites containing 20 wt.% sunflower hull as a particulate reinforcement were compounded and tested under tensile, flexural, and impact loadings. The incorporation of the sunflower hull without compatibilizer resulted in diminished tensile strength and impact energy absorption but increased flexural strength and both tensile modulus and flexural modulus when compared to neat PP. Formulations containing three different chemical compatibilizers were tested to determine their effectiveness in improving the interfacial adhesion between the fiber surface and PP chains. Maleic anhydride grafted with PP (MA-g-PP) achieved greater improvements in tensile strength but reduced impact strength in comparison to an acrylic-acid-grafted PP compatibilizer (AA-g-PP). The molecular weight, graft level, and the ability to affect strength, modulus, and absorbed impact energy were also investigated for the compatibilizers. A MA-g-PP having high molecular weight and low graft level was most effective in improving the investigated properties of a sunflower hull-reinforced polypropylene biocomposite.

The effect of simultaneous fiber surface treatment and matrix modification on mechanical properties of unidirectional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber/epoxy/nanoclay nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (21) ◽  
pp. 2961-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohammadalipour ◽  
Mahmood Masoomi ◽  
Mojtaba Ahmadi ◽  
Zahra Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cohesive Failure ◽  
Polyethylene Fiber ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Nonpolar structure of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber leads to a weak interfacial adhesion in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Herein, synchronized fiber and matrix modifications were utilized so as to improve the interfacial adhesion, resulting in promoting mechanical properties of these composites. For this purpose, the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber was chemically treated with glycidyl methacrylate and the epoxy resin was modified through incorporation of different contents of nanoclay. The mechanical properties results showed that individual modification, either fiber or matrix, can just lead to improvements around 36.74% and 10.54% in tensile strength as well as 14.28% and 4.27% in tensile modulus, respectively. However, the ultimate outcome of the study revealed that much higher improvement can be achieved in synergistic attitude. The highest enhancement around 48.31% and 26.76% in tensile strength and modulus were seen for the sample containing glycidyl methacrylate-treated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as reinforcement and nano epoxy modified with 1 wt.% of nanoclay. Such observation could be attributed to the mechanical interlocking and chemical reaction which were arising from incorporation of nanoclay in matrix and chemical treatment of fiber surface, correspondingly. In this regard, fiber roughness and chemical bonds formed between treated fiber and modified matrix play a key role in improving interfacial adhesion. Moreover, the fractured surface of such composites studied by scanning electron microscope confirmed the mechanical results and showed that much more matrix was adhered to the fiber surface after treatment, indicating cohesive failure.

Preliminary Study of HDPE/Kenaf/MMT Nano-Hybrid Biocomposite: Performance of HDPE/Kenaf Biocomposite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Mohamad Asnawi bin Ya’acob ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Suffiyana Akhbar ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hybrid Biocomposite

This work studies the performance of HDPE/kenaf biocomposite by varying the kenaf loading from 10 wt% to 50 wt%. Compounding has carried out by using single screw extruder. The result indicates that at 10 wt% of kenaf loading gave the highest tensile and impact strength which are25.32 MPa and 102.25 MPa respectively. Beside, at 10% to 50% of kenaf loading show increasing tensile modulus, flexural modulus and flexural strength with increment of kenaf fiber but decreasing in tensile strength and impact strength.

Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Huang ◽  
Hu Hu Du ◽  
Wei Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.

Mechanical properties of unidirectional aligned bagasse fibers/vinyl ester composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyanar Athijayamani ◽  
Balasubramaniam Stalin ◽  
Susaiyappan Sidhardhan ◽  
Azeez Batcha Alavudeen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study describes the preparation of aligned unidirectional bagasse fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (BFRVE) composites and their mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, shear and impact strength. Composites were prepared by a hand lay-up technique developed in our laboratory with the help of a hot press. Mechanical properties were obtained for different fiber contents by varying the number of layers. The obtained tensile property values were compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the tensile strength increased linearly up to 44 wt% and then dropped. However, the tensile modulus increased linearly from 17 wt% to 60 wt%. In the case of flexural properties, the flexural strength increased up to 53 wt% and started to decrease. However, the flexural modulus also increased linearly up to 60 wt%. The impact strength values were higher than the matrix materials for all the specimens. The short beam shear strength values were also increased up to 53 wt% and then dropped. The modified Bowyer and Bader (MBB) model followed by the Hirsch model shows a very good agreement with experimental results in both tensile strength and modulus.

Effect of wood particle size on selected properties of neat and recycled wood polypropylene composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3427-3442
Author(s):  
Vedat Çavuş ◽  
Fatih Mengeloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break

Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured using 40% mahogany wood flour (WF). The effect of particle size (0.074 to 0.149 mm, 0.177 to 0.250 mm, and 0.400 to 0.841 mm) on the selected properties of PP and rPP composites was studied. The influence of 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) presence in the formulation was also evaluated. Test specimens were manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding processes. The density and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength values were determined. Morphology of the manufactured composites was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results showed that the particle size, polypropylene type (neat or recycled), and presence of MAPP had important effects on WPC’s properties. Density, flexural modulus, tensile modulus, and impact strength values increased with decreased particle size regardless of the presence of MAPP. Flexural strength values increased with decreased particle size without MAPP. Regardless of particle size, addition of MAPP in composites provided higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and tensile modulus values but lower elongation at break values compared to composites without MAPP.

Evaluation of morphological characteristics and mechanical performance of Rockforce mineral fiber- and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Unal ◽  
A. Mimaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Elongation At Break

AbstractIn this study, the effect of addition of Rockforce mineral and glass fiber fillers on the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of polyamide-6 composites were evaluated and compared. Reinforcements, single and mixed compounds by various weight ratios between 10 and 30 wt%, were added to polyamide-6 polymer. Uniaxial tensile, Izod impact, and flexural tests were carried out. Tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were obtained. The results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of polyamide-6 composite increased with the increase in the glass fiber ratio and are slightly influenced by the addition of Rockforce mineral fibers. Moreover, the impact strength follows an increasing and decreasing profile, whereas elongation at break values decreased with the increase in reinforcement ratio. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was used for comparison and evaluation of the fracture surface of the polyamide-6 composite.

scholarly journals ELEPHANT GRASS-GLASS FIBER HYBRID COMPOSITES

2014 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
M. MAHESH ◽  
K. POORNIMA ◽  
M.VENKATESWARA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Naoh Treatment

An attempt has been made in the present work to explore and the possible use of variety of cultivated/wild grown fiber in the development of elephant grass–glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The fiber is extracted from retting and manual method, and the test specimens are prepared as per “ASTM”standards. Five different contents are incorporated in the specimen, with each fiber content five identical specimens are prepared. Elephant grass–glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites, are prepared by incorporating up to (40/0%,30/10%,20/20%,10/30%,0/40%) by mass.. It is observed clearly (40/0%) only mass of fiber compare with (30/10%) of hybrid composites. There is tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus; impact strength is 65.415Mpa,68.635Mpa,123035Mpa,1536.3Mpa, 257.305j/m, 2282.85 j/m respectively. There is increases the percentage of natural fiber to the glass fiber content increase the tensile strength ,tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, respectively. The effect of NaOH treatment of the Elephant grass fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that hybrid composite increase with glass fiber content. These properties were found to be higher when NaOH Elephant grass fiber were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with NaOH leading to higher crystallinity of the Elephant grass fibers with NaOH treatment may be responsible for these observations.

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers-Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Rafał Malinowski ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Moraczewski ◽  
Wojciech Głuszewski ◽  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hemp Fibers

The need for the development of new biodegradable materials and modification of the properties the current ones possess has essentially increased in recent years. The aim of this study was the comparison of changes occurring in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) due to its modification by high-energy electron beam derived from a linear electron accelerator, as well as the addition of natural fibers in the form of cut hemp fibers. Changes to the fibers structure in the obtained composites and the geometrical surface structure of sample fractures with the use of scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined, including tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the modified PCL. It was found that PCL, modified with hemp fibers and/or electron radiation, exhibited enhanced flexural modulus but the elongation at break and impact strength decreased. Depending on the electron radiation dose and the hemp fibers content, tensile strength decreased or increased. It was also found that hemp fibers caused greater changes to the mechanical properties of PCL than electron radiation. The prepared composites exhibited uniform distribution of the dispersed phase in the polymer matrix and adequate adhesion at the interface between the two components.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

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