scholarly journals Perceived Injustice Moderates the Relationship between Pain and Depressive Symptoms among Individuals with Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Scott ◽  
Michael Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Numerous investigations report that depressive symptoms frequently coexist with persistent pain. However, evidence suggests that symptoms of depression are not an inevitable consequence of pain. Diathesis-stress formulations suggest that psychological factors interact with the stress of pain to heighten the risk of depressive symptoms. Perceptions of injustice have recently emerged as a factor that may interact with the stress of pain to increase depressive symptoms.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether perceived injustice moderates the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms.METHODS: A total of 107 individuals with persistent musculoskeletal pain completed self-report measures of pain severity, depressive symptoms, perceived injustice and catastrophizing.RESULTS: A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction between pain severity and perceived injustice uniquely contributed an additional 6% of the variance to the prediction of depressive symptoms, beyond the main effects of these variables. Post hoc probing indicated that pain was significantly related to depressive symptoms at high, but not low levels of perceived injustice. This finding remained statistically significant even when controlling for pain catastrophizing.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that perceived injustice augments the relationship between pain severity and depressive symptoms. The inclusion of techniques specifically targeting perceptions of injustice may enhance the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of depression for individuals presenting with strong perceptions of injustice.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

scholarly journals Pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and pain intensity impair life satisfaction through differential patterns of physical and psychological disruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Sturgeon ◽  
Maisa S. Ziadni ◽  
Zina Trost ◽  
Beth D. Darnall ◽  
Sean C. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious research has highlighted the importance of cognitive appraisal processes in determining the nature and effectiveness of coping with chronic pain. Two of the key variables implicated in appraisal of pain are catastrophizing and perceived injustice, which exacerbate the severity of pain-related distress and increase the risk of long-term disability through maladaptive behavioural responses. However, to date, the influences of these phenomena have not been examined concurrently, nor have they been related specifically to quality of life measures, such as life satisfaction.MethodsUsing data froman online survey of330 individuals with chronic pain, structural path modelling techniques were used to examine the independent effects of pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and average pain intensity on life satisfaction. Two potential mediators of these relationships were examined: depressive symptoms and pain-related interference.ResultsResults indicated that depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and life satisfaction, and pain interference fully mediated the relationship between pain intensity and life satisfaction. Both depressive symptoms and pain interference were found to significantly mediate the relationship between perceived injustice and life satisfaction, but perceived injustice continued to demonstrate a significant and negative relationship with life satisfaction, above and beyond the other study variables.ConclusionsThe current findings highlight the distinct affective and behavioural mediators of pain and maladaptive cognitive appraisal processes in chronic pain, and highlight their importance in both perceptions of pain-related interference and longer-term quality of life.

The relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain, anxiety and mindfulness: Adjustments to the Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B. Curtin ◽  
Deborah Norris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Fear Avoidance Model ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Patients

AbstractBackground and purposeThe Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain proposed by Vlaeyen and Linton states individuals enter a cycle of chronic pain due to predisposing psychological factors, such as negative affectivity, negative appraisal or anxiety sensitivity. They do not, however, address the closely related concept of anxious rumination. Although Vlaeyen and Linton suggest cognitive-behavioral treatment methods for chronic pain patients who exhibit pain-related fear, they do not consider mindfulness treatments. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), ruminative anxiety and mindfulness to determine if (1) ruminative anxiety is a risk factor for developing chronic pain and (2) mindfulness is a potential treatment for breaking the cycle of chronic pain.MethodsMiddle-aged adults ages 35-50 years (N = 201) with self-reported CMP were recruited online. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing elements of chronic pain, anxiety, and mindfulness.ResultsRuminative anxiety was positively correlated with pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear and avoidance, pain interference, and pain severity but negatively correlated with mindfulness. High ruminative anxiety level predicted significantly higher elements of chronic pain and significantly lower level of mindfulness. Mindfulness significantly predicted variance (R2) in chronic pain and anxiety outcomes. Pain severity, ruminative anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear and avoidance, and mindfulness significantly predicted 70.0% of the variance in pain interference, with pain severity, ruminative anxiety and mindfulness being unique predictors.ConclusionsThe present study provides insight into the strength and direction of the relationships between ruminative anxiety, mindfulness and chronic pain in a CMP population, demonstrating the unique associations between specific mindfulness factors and chronic pain elements.ImplicationsIt is possible that ruminative anxiety and mindfulness should be added into the Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain, with ruminative anxiety as a psychological vulnerability and mindfulness as an effective treatment strategy that breaks the cycle of chronic pain. This updated Fear-Avoidance Model should be explored further to determine the specific mechanism of mindfulness on chronic pain and anxiety and which of the five facets of mindfulness are most important to clinical improvements. This could help clinicians develop individualized mindfulness treatment plans for chronic pain patients.

scholarly journals Association between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Depression among Middle-income Country Adults: Evidence from National Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lattari ◽  
Andreza Jesus Costa Pascouto ◽  
Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira ◽  
Livia Soares Silva ◽  
Aldair José Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study assessed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression in adults. Methods: A total of 52,611 individuals aged between 18-59 years old were evaluated for symptoms of depression and CRF. The presence of depressive symptoms was self-report through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the CRF was predicted from a non-exercise equation. The association between CRF and the presence of depression was determined by crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions. Results: The associations were identified between symptoms of depression and CRF in both unadjusted and adjusted models. After adjusting for age categories, sex, body mass index categories, educational level, marital status, smoking, and alcohol use, the individuals with moderate CRF had 18% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.82, CI 95%: 0.71 – 0.95) compared to individuals with low CRF. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are inversely related to CRF levels in adults.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Pain and Psychological Outcomes Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with Chronic Pain and PTSD: ESCAPE Trial Longitudinal Results

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376
Author(s):  
Matthew J Bair ◽  
Samantha D Outcalt ◽  
Dennis Ang ◽  
Jingwei Wu ◽  
Zhangsheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Escape Trial ◽  
Care Intervention

Abstract Objective To compare pain and psychological outcomes in veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or pain alone and to determine if veterans with comorbidity respond differently to a stepped-care intervention than those with pain alone. Design Secondary analysis of data from the Evaluation of Stepped Care for Chronic Pain (ESCAPE) trial. Setting Six Veterans Health Affairs clinics. Subjects Iraq and Afghanistan veterans (N = 222) with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods Longitudinal analysis of veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain and PTSD or pain alone and available baseline and nine-month trial data. Participants randomized to either usual care or a stepped-care intervention were analyzed. The pain–PTSD comorbidity group screened positive for PTSD and had a PTSD Checklist–Civilian score ≥41 at baseline. Results T tests demonstrated statistically significant differences and worse outcomes on pain severity, pain cognitions, and psychological outcomes in veterans with comorbid pain and PTSD compared with those with pain alone. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) modeling change scores from baseline to nine months indicated no statistically significant differences, controlling for PTSD, on pain severity, pain centrality, or pain self-efficacy. Significant differences emerged for pain catastrophizing (t = 3.10, P < 0.01), depression (t = 3.39, P < 0.001), and anxiety (t = 3.80, P < 0.001). The interaction between PTSD and the stepped-care intervention was not significant. Conclusions Veterans with the pain–PTSD comorbidity demonstrated worse pain and psychological outcomes than those with chronic pain alone. These findings indicate a more intense chronic pain experience for veterans when PTSD co-occurs with pain. PTSD did not lead to a differential response to a stepped-care intervention.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Personal Resources and Depression in a Sample of Victims of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Groups with and without Symptoms of Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9307
Author(s):  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Cirenia Quintana-Orts ◽  
Sergio Mérida-López ◽  
Natalio Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Victims

Previous research has highlighted the relationship between being cybervictimised and the presence of clinical symptoms, such as depression. To date, however, there has been no comparative analysis of the personal resources profiles of adolescent victims of cyberbullying with and without depressive symptoms. The current study analysed the relationship between positive personal resources and clinical symptoms in 251 adolescent victims of cyberbullying at several Spanish high schools. It examined how several positive personal resources varied in adolescent victims of cyberbullying who displayed symptoms of depression (n = 89) or did not (n = 162). Victims of cyberbullying who displayed depressive symptoms reported lower levels of personal resources (emotional intelligence, gratitude, optimism, and forgiveness) than those who did not. Logistic regression provided evidence that gratitude was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms in victims of cyberbullying, followed by emotional intelligence and optimism. These findings expand the existing literature on the role of personal resources in mental health and highlight the need for their development in youths to help them cope more effectively and function better after being cyberbullied.

Childhood Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity and Health Related Fitness

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Michaud Tomson ◽  
Robert P. Pangrazi ◽  
Glenn Friedman ◽  
Ned Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Related Fitness

While research has confirmed a negative relationship between adult depression and physical activity, there is little evidence for children. This study examined the relationship of being classified as physically active or inactive by a parent or a teacher to depressive symptoms in children 8 to 12 years of age (N = 933). It also assessed the relationship of playing sports outside of school, and of meeting health related fitness standards, to symptoms of depression. Relative risk of depressive symptoms for inactive classification was 2.8 to 3.4 times higher than it was for active, 1.3 to 2.4 times higher for children not playing sports outside of school, and 1.5 to 4.0 times higher for those not meeting health related fitness goals.

scholarly journals Structural Social Support and Changes in Depression During the Retirement Transition: “I Get by With a Little Help from My Friends”

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2040-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Lennox Kail ◽  
Dawn C Carr
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated whether (a) retirement was associated with increased depressive symptoms, (b) four sources social support were associated with decreased depressive symptoms, and (c) whether the relationship between retirement and depressive symptoms varied across four sources social support. Method Health and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether four measures of structural support moderated the association between transitioning to full retirement (relative to remaining in full-time work) and symptoms of depression. Results Results from two-stage mixed-effects multilevel models indicated (a) on average retirement was associated with a small but significant increase in depressive symptoms after adjusting for preretirement social support, (b) on average, social support not associated with changes in symptoms of depression, but (c) social support from friends moderates the association between retirement and symptoms of depression such that at low levels of social support, retirement was associated with a sizeable increase in depressive symptoms, but this association decreased as level of social support from friends increased. Discussion Results suggest people with low levels of social support may benefit from actively cultivating friendships in retirement to help mitigate some of deleterious effects of retirement.

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