scholarly journals Development of a Vascularized Skin Construct Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Debrided Burned Skin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney K. Chan ◽  
David O. Zamora ◽  
Nicole L. Wrice ◽  
David G. Baer ◽  
Evan M. Renz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Burned Skin ◽  
Stem Cell Isolation ◽  
Isolation Device

Large body surface area burns pose significant therapeutic challenges. Clinically, the extent and depth of burn injury may mandate the use of allograft for temporary wound coverage while autografts are serially harvested from the same donor areas. The paucity of donor sites in patients with burns involving large surface areas highlights the need for better skin substitutes that can achieve early and complete coverage and retain normal skin durability with minimal donor requirements. We have isolated autologous stem cells from the adipose layer of surgically debrided burned skin (dsASCs), using a point-of-care stem cell isolation device. These cells, in a collagen—polyethylene glycol fibrin-based bilayer hydrogel, differentiate into an epithelial layer, a vascularized dermal layer, and a hypodermal layer.All-trans-retinoicacid and fenofibrate were used to differentiate dsASCs into epithelial-like cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a matrix- and time-dependent change in the expression of stromal, vascular, and epithelial cell markers. These results indicate that stem cells isolated from debrided skin can be used as a single autologous cell source to develop a vascularized skin construct without culture expansion or addition of exogenous growth factors. This technique may provide an alternative approach for cutaneous coverage after extensive burn injuries.

34 Rete Ridges are Decreased in Dyschromic Burn Hypertrophic Scar: A Histological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S27-S27
Author(s):  
Bonnie C Carney ◽  
Taryn E Travis ◽  
Romina Deldar ◽  
Lauren T Moffatt ◽  
Laura S Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Rete Ridge ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Injured Skin

Abstract Introduction Dyschromic hypertrophic scar (HTS) with areas of hyper- and hypo-pigmentation is a common sequelae of burn injury. The mechanism behind the development of dyschromia has not been elucidated. In this study, we provide a histological analysis of these scars with a focus on rete ridge presence. Rete ridges occur in epithelial tissues such as oral mucosa and skin and can be described as undulating “pegs” that are interdigitated with dermal papillae. Rete ridges enhance adhesion of the epidermis to the dermis. We hypothesize that rete ridge presence is important for normal skin physiology, and their absence or presence may hold mechanistic significance in post-burn HTS dyschromia. Methods Subjects with post-burn dyschromic HTS were consented and enrolled (n=27). Punch biopsies of hyper-, hypo-, and normally pigmented scar and skin were collected and stored in formalin. Biopsies were paraffin embedded, sectioned, stained with H&E, and imaged. The number of rete ridges were investigated by calculating a rete ridge ratio from the length of the basement membrane and the length of the epidermis. Results The patient population was predominantly female (55.5%), black (70.4%), and had Fitzpatrick skin Type V (51.9%). The injuries were primarily as a result of flame (37%) and scald (33.3%) and resulted in a median TBSA burn of 7%. The median age of the scar at the time of sample acquisition was 12.2 months. The rete ridge ratio of normally pigmented, un-injured skin was above 1 (1.31 ± 0.04), indicating that normal skin’s basement membrane is longer than its epidermal length due to the presence of rete ridges. HTSs resulting from burn wounds that healed without split thickness autografts were first investigated. The number of rete ridges was higher in normal skin compared to HTS that was either hypo- or hyperpigmented (1.31 ± 0.04 vs. 1.13 ± 0.05 and 1.14 ± 0.04 vs, p< 0.05). This difference was similar despite pigmentation phenotype. When hyper-pigmented scars resulting from wounds that were treated with split thickness autografts (Hyper(+)) were investigated, rete ridge number was significantly higher than in Hyper(-) (1.89 ± 0.23, p< 0.01). Patient age showed a weak correlation (R=-0.33) with rete ridge ratio where older patients had lower rete ridge ratios in normal, un-injured skin. Hyper(+) showed a weak correlation between rete ridge ratio and age of scar (R=-0.38). Conclusions Post-burn HTS that is dyschromic has fewer rete ridges than normal skin. This finding may explain the decreased epidermal barrier function that is associated with HTS.

130 Burn Injury Reduces Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Sensitizes Their Adrenergic Receptor Subgroups in a Murine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S87-S88
Author(s):  
Kuzhali Muthumalaiappan ◽  
Maria Camargo Johnson ◽  
Julia Walczak ◽  
Vimal Subramaniam ◽  
Anthony J Baldea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Previous burn and traumatic injury studies have established that adrenergic signaling is increased after burn injury and may lead to an impairment of hematopoietic cell development in the bone marrow (BM). Nonetheless, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have gained momentum in regenerative medicine also play a predominant role in the BM niche. Understanding the propensity of the adrenergic receptor (AR) response by MSCs can be utilized for devising targeted therapies. However, the traditional plastic adherence procedure using ex vivo culture of BM cells for several weeks may skew the actual characteristics of MSCs. Our current study focused on isolating MSCs from freshly obtained BM in a murine scald burn model with a goal to characterize the expression pattern of native AR subgroups present on BM MSCs as compared to sham mice. Methods Eight, two-month-old adult female mice were subjected to a 15% total body 3rd degree burn or sham burn. The mice were sacrificed 7 days later. Femurs were removed and total bone marrow cells were flushed out. Multi parametric flow cytometry was used to gate for cells negative for hematopoietic cell markers (CD45, CD11B) and positive for MSC markers (CD105, CD106, SSEA, Ly6A) and AR subgroups (α1, α2, β1, β2, β3). We measured the number of BM MSCs, quantified the subtypes of ARs present on MSCs, and compared the ratio of AR antibody binding per total MSC population. Results Overall the frequency of MSCs per million total BM cells decreased by 48% post-burn injury with165,300 ± 194 in sham versus 110,000 ± 30 in burn displayed as bar graph in Panel A. Over 90% of MSCs consistently express β2 AR and only 10% express α2 AR subgroup in both scald and sham burn. Presence of other subgroups ranged from 50% to 80% of MSCs as seen in histograms to the right of dotted line in Panel B. Our AR propensity score based on AR mean fluorescence intensity adjusted to total number of MSCs present was increased by 2.8-fold for α1, 2.5-fold for β1, 1.6-fold for β3, and 1.3-fold for β2 AR subgroups (Panel C). These findings indicate burn injury not only decreases the frequency of BM MSCs but also increases the affinity of certain AR subgroups present on MSCs. Since BM MSCs are the major source of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors; detailed studies on AR mediated signaling in BM MSCs is warranted. Conclusions Polarization of AR signaling in BM MSCs by burn-induced catecholamines may have broader implications for comorbidities such as bone resorption and muscle wasting observed in human patients post burn trauma.

scholarly journals Deceased donor skin allograft banking: Response and utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S114-S120
Author(s):  
Madhuri A. Gore ◽  
Anuradha S. De
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Skin Allograft ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Skin Allografts ◽  
Donor Skin ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Feasible Option

ABSTRACT Background: In the absence of xenograft and biosynthetic skin substitutes, deceased donor skin allografts is a feasible option for saving life of patient with extensive burn injury in our country. Aims: The first deceased donor skin allograft bank in India became functional at Lokmanya Tilak Municipal (LTM) medical college and hospital on 24th April 2000. The response of Indian society to this new concept of skin donation after death and the pattern of utilization of banked allografts from 2000 to 2010 has been presented in this study. Settings and Design: This allograft skin bank was established by the department of surgery. The departments of surgery and microbiology share the responsibility of smooth functioning of the bank. Materials and Methods: The response in terms of number of donations and the profile of donors was analyzed from records. Pattern and outcome of allograft utilization was studied from specially designed forms. Results: During these ten years, 262 deceased donor skin allograft donations were received. The response showed significant improvement after counselling was extended to the community. Majority of the donors were above 70 years of age and procurement was done at home for most. Skin allografts from 249 donors were used for 165 patients in ten years. The outcome was encouraging with seven deaths in 151 recipients with burn injuries. Conclusions: Our experience shows that the Indian society is ready to accept the concept of skin donation after death. Use of skin allografts is life saving for large burns. We need to prepare guidelines for the establishment of more skin banks in the country.

scholarly journals Correction: In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Li ◽  
Zhenhong Wei ◽  
Binxi Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Huiying Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Correction for ‘In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model’ by Xiuying Li et al., Biomater. Sci., 2019, 7, 2861–2872, DOI: 10.1039/C9BM00242A.

scholarly journals A case of diquat poisoning in pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Z Siroka ◽  
M Svoboda ◽  
Z Svobodova ◽  
I Nagl
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Large White ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Stomach Fundus ◽  
White Foam

Diquat is a bipyridyl compound which belongs to the group of herbicides. Its activity is based on the liberation of the superoxide anion radical and, subsequently, hydrogen peroxide, leading to tissue destruction by oxidative stress. Acute poisoning is associated with high mortality within several hours to a few days. The reported case of poisoning occurred on a commercial farm. The fattening pigs of the Landrace and Large White breeds were affected. The pigs were kept on a deep litter. Reglone (active ingredient diquat dibromide, 200 g/l) was used on the farm fields to desiccate the clover crop. The dry clover straw was harvested and stored for approximately a month and then used as a litter. In total, 50 pigs were affected. The onset of the poisoning was very fast. Within eight hours after the litter administration, 20 animals died. The only clinical sign seen was severe haemorrhagic dermatitis. The pathological examination revealed acute superficial haemorrhagic dermatitis on the belly, the snout and the ears of the affected pigs. Hyperaemia of the tonsils, pharynx and oesophagus was diagnosed, as well as a pronounced hyperaemia of the stomach fundus. In the distal part of the trachea, there was a dense, white foam. The lungs were congested, with focal emphysema. The liver was slightly hyperaemic. The histological examination revealed a massive haemostasis in liver and diffuse acute polymorphonuclear hepatitis. The other organs were without changes. The examination revealed acute poisoning caused by the large body surface areas contacting with a toxic substance. The pigs that survived were immediately removed to a non-contaminated area. The changes on their skin were not so extensive compared to the dead ones. Within 5–7 days after the exposure to diquat, the skin lesions healed.

Stem Cells, Including a Population of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells, are Mobilized Into Peripheral Blood in Patients After Skin Burn Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Drukała ◽  
Edyta Paczkowska ◽  
Magda Kucia ◽  
Elżbieta Młyńska ◽  
Andrzej Krajewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Skin Burn

Adult stem cell plasticity: new pathways of tissue regeneration become visible

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. FORBES ◽  
Pamela VIG ◽  
Richard POULSOM ◽  
Nicholas A. WRIGHT ◽  
Malcolm R. ALISON
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Lineage Tracking

There has recently been a significant change in the way we think about organ regeneration. In the adult, organ formation and regeneration was thought to occur through the action of organ-or tissue-restricted stem cells (i.e. haematopoietic stem cells making blood; gut stem cells making gut, etc.). However, there is a large body of recent work that has extended this model. Thanks to lineage tracking techniques, we now believe that stem cells from one organ system, for example the haematopoietic compartment, can develop into the differentiated cells within another organ system, such as liver, brain or kidney. This cellular plasticity not only occurs under experimental conditions, but has also been shown to take place in humans following bone marrow and organ transplants. This trafficking is potentially bi-directional, and even differentiated cells from different organ systems can interchange, with pancreatic cells able to form hepatocytes, for example. In this review we will detail some of these findings and attempt to explain their biological significance.

scholarly journals The Potential of Different Origin Stem Cells in Modulating Oral Bone Regeneration Processes

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaranda Dana Buduru ◽  
Diana Gulei ◽  
Alina-Andreea Zimta ◽  
Adrian Bogdan Tigu ◽  
Diana Cenariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Stem Cell Isolation ◽  
The Right

Tissue engineering has gained much momentum since the implementation of stem cell isolation and manipulation for regenerative purposes. Despite significant technical improvements, researchers still have to decide which strategy (which type of stem cell) is the most suitable for their specific purpose. Therefore, this short review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main categories of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in the context of bone regeneration for dentistry-associated conditions. Importantly, when deciding upon the right strategy, the selection needs to be made in concordance with the morbidity and the life-threatening level of the condition in discussion. Therefore, even when a specific type of stem cell holds several advantages over others, their availability, invasiveness of the collection method and ethical standards become deciding parameters.

scholarly journals Implications and Current Limitations of Oogenesis from Female Germline or Oogonial Stem Cells in Adult Mammalian Ovaries

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Martin ◽  
Dori Woods ◽  
Jonathan Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Female Germline

A now large body of evidence supports the existence of mitotically active germ cells in postnatal ovaries of diverse mammalian species, including humans. This opens the possibility that adult stem cells naturally committed to a germline fate could be leveraged for the production of female gametes outside of the body. The functional properties of these cells, referred to as female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs), in ovaries of women have recently been tested in various ways, including a very recent investigation of the differentiation capacity of human OSCs at a single cell level. The exciting insights gained from these experiments, coupled with other data derived from intraovarian transplantation and genetic tracing analyses in animal models that have established the capacity of OSCs to generate healthy eggs, embryos and offspring, should drive constructive discussions in this relatively new field to further exploring the value of these cells to the study, and potential management, of human female fertility. Here, we provide a brief history of the discovery and characterization of OSCs in mammals, as well as of the in-vivo significance of postnatal oogenesis to adult ovarian function. We then highlight several key observations made recently on the biology of OSCs, and integrate this information into a broader discussion of the potential value and limitations of these adult stem cells to achieving a greater understanding of human female gametogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

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