scholarly journals Diverse Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Reproductive Performance: Cow as a Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Wocławek-Potocka ◽  
Chiara Mannelli ◽  
Dorota Boruszewska ◽  
Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba ◽  
Tomasz Waśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Animal Feeding

Phytoestrogens, polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, are more and more common constituents of human and animal diets. In most of the cases, these chemicals are much less potent than endogenous estrogens but exert their biological effects via similar mechanisms of action. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans as well as ruminants is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein being metabolized in the digestive tract to even more potent metabolites—para-ethyl-phenol and equol. Phytoestrogens have recently come into considerable interest due to the increasing information on their adverse effects in human and animal reproduction, increasing the number of people substituting animal proteins with plant-derived proteins. Finally, the soybean becomes the main source of protein in animal fodder because of an absolute prohibition of bone meal use for animal feeding in 1995 in Europe. The review describes how exposure of soybean-derived phytoestrogens can have adverse effects on reproductive performance in female adults.

scholarly journals The Biological Effects of Forsythia Leaves Containing the Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Phillyrin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Sansei Nishibe ◽  
Kumiko Mitsui-Saitoh ◽  
Junichi Sakai ◽  
Takahiko Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4 ◽  
Cyclic Amp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Forsythia Suspensa

Forsythia fruit (Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae)) is a common component of Kampo medicines for treating the common cold, influenza, and allergies. The main polyphenolic compounds in the leaves of F. suspensa are pinoresinol β-d-glucoside, phillyrin and forsythiaside, and their levels are higher in the leaves of the plant than in the fruit. It is known that polyphenolic compounds stimulate lipid catabolism in the liver and suppress dyslipidemia, thereby attenuating diet-induced obesity and polyphenolic anti-oxidants might attenuate obesity in animals consuming high-fat diets. Recently, phillyrin was reported as a novel cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor derived from forsythia fruit. It was expected that the leaves of F. suspensa might display anti-obesity effects and serve as a health food material. In this review, we summarized our studies on the biological effects of forsythia leaves containing phillyrin and other polyphenolic compounds, particularly against obesity, atopic dermatitis, and influenza A virus infection, and its potential as a phytoestrogen.

Ferulic acid in animal feeding: Mechanisms of action, productive benefits, and future perspectives in meat production

2021 ◽  
pp. 101247
Author(s):  
Karen Mariela Valadez-García ◽  
Leonel Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
César A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Raúl Díaz-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Animal Feeding

scholarly journals A stochastic model for the simulation of management decisions in dairy herds, with special reference to reproductive performance.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A.A. Dijkhuizen ◽  
S. Hibma ◽  
J.A. Renkema
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Management Decisions

A 15 year simulation was carried out in order to test a model for dairy cattle culling. Provisional results indicate that decreasing max. allowed calving interval from 520 to 360 days decreases herd income due to adverse effects on herd life. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Pauline Bosco-Levy ◽  
Julien Bezin ◽  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Nicholas Moore
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cardiovascular Drugs ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
The Moment

Many drugs that were not designed to treat cardiovascular diseases may affect the cardiovascular system, causing adverse reactions. The objective of this chapter is to review in a systematic manner these adverse effects of non-cardiovascular drugs. The heart consists of four main entities that may be affected by non-cardiovascular drugs and lead to very different types of events: (1) the conduction tissue, that governs heart rate and rhythm, associated with arrhythmia and sudden death; (2) the endocardium and valves, associated with valvular disease and endocardial fibrosis; (3) the myocardium, which can directly or indirectly lead to heart failure; and (4) the coronary arteries, and in general the vascular bed, with myocardial ischaemia and infarction as main adverse events. These different elements may be affected by different drugs with different mechanisms of action, though some drugs may affect several components (e.g. myocardial infarction may result in heart failure). The objective of this chapter is not to provide exhaustive listings of all drugs ever associated with any of these events, which can be found online and will be obsolete the moment they are published, but an understanding of the typology of these events and their mechanism.

scholarly journals Sicilian Litchi Fruit Extracts Induce Autophagy versus Apoptosis Switch in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Emanuele ◽  
Antonietta Notaro ◽  
Antonio Palumbo Piccionello ◽  
Antonella Maggio ◽  
Marianna Lauricella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Litchi Fruit

Litchi chinensis Sonnerat is a tropical tree whose fruits contain significant amounts of bioactive polyphenols. Litchi cultivation has recently spread in Sicily where the climate conditions are particularly favorable for this crop. Recent findings have shown that Litchi extracts display anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro, but the precise underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report for the first time the effects of Sicilian litchi fruit extracts on colon cancer cells. The results indicated that litchi exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp fractions reduce the viability and clonogenic growth of HT29 cells. These effects were due to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase followed by caspase-dependent cell death. Interestingly, litchi exocarp and endocarp triggered a precocious autophagic response (16–24 h), which was accompanied by an increase in the level of autophagy related 1/autophagy activating kinase 1 (ATG1/ULK1), beclin-1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and p62 proteins. Autophagy inhibition by bafilomycin A1 or beclin-1 silencing increased cell death, thus suggesting that autophagy was initially triggered as a pro-survival response. Significant effects of Litchi extracts were also observed in other colon cancer cells, including HCT116 and Caco-2 cells. On the other hand, differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model of human enterocytes, appeared to be insensitive to the extracts at the same treatment conditions. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole-Time-Of-Flight HPLC/ESI/Q-TOF evidenced the presence of some polyphenolic compounds, specifically in exocarp and endocarp extracts, that can account for the observed biological effects. The results obtained suggest a potential therapeutic efficacy of polyphenolic compounds purified from Sicilian Litchi fractions for the treatment of colon cancer. Moreover, our findings indicate that modulation of autophagy can represent a tool to improve the effectiveness of these agents and potentiate the anti-tumor response of colon cancer cells.

scholarly journals Snake Venom: Any Clue for Antibiotics and CAM?

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivy Clementino de Lima ◽  
Paula Alvarez Abreu ◽  
Cícero Carlos de Freitas ◽  
Dilvani Oliveira Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Oliveira Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Lately several naturally occurring peptides presenting antimicrobial activity have been described in the literature. However, snake venoms, which are an enormous source of peptides, have not been fully explored for searching such molecules. The aim of this work is to review the basis of antimicrobial mechanisms revealing snake venom as a feasible source for searching an antibiotic prototype. Therefore, it includes (i) a description of the constituents of the snake venoms involved in their main biological effects during the envenomation process; (ii) examples of snake venom molecules of commercial use; (iii) mechanisms of action of known antibiotics; and (iv) how the microorganisms can be resistant to antibiotics. This review also shows that snake venoms are not totally unexplored sources for antibiotics and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

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