scholarly journals Lavender and the Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peir Hossein Koulivand ◽  
Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri ◽  
Ali Gorji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Insect Bites

Lavender is traditionally alleged to have a variety of therapeutic and curative properties, ranging from inducing relaxation to treating parasitic infections, burns, insect bites, and spasm. There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest anxiolytic, mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties for lavender. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In this paper, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi ◽  
Marion Leblanc ◽  
Giovanni Stevanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hsp Genes

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.

scholarly journals Meningitis Caused by Salmonella Newport in a Five-Year-Old Child

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ana De Malet ◽  
Sheila Ingerto ◽  
Israel Gañán
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Salmonella Newport is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteria family and the nontyphi Salmonella (NTS), usually related to gastroenteritis. Main difference between NTS and Salmonella typhi is that the last one evolves to an invasive disease easier than NTS. These can progress to bacteremias in around 5% of cases and secondary focuses can appear occasionally, as in meningitis. An infection of the central nervous system is uncommon, considering its incidence in 0.6–8% of the cases; most of them are described in developing countries and mainly in childhood, especially neonates. Bacterial meningitis by NTS mostly affects immunosuppressed people in Europe. Prognosis is adverse, with a 50% mortality rate, mainly due to complications of infection: hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, abscesses, subdural empyema, or stroke. Choice antibiotic treatments are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. The aim of this paper is to present a case of meningitis caused by Salmonella Newport diagnosed in a five-year-old girl living in a rural area of the province of Ourense (Spain), with favorable evolution and without neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Morbillivirus Infection of the Mouse Central Nervous System Induces Region-Specific Upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs Correlated to Inflammatory Cytokine Expression

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 8268-8282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng-Thuon Khuth ◽  
Hideo Akaoka ◽  
Axel Pagenstecher ◽  
Olivier Verlaeten ◽  
Marie-Françoise Belin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

ABSTRACT Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in perturbation of cell-to-cell communication involving the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM integrity is maintained by a dynamic balance between the synthesis and proteolysis of its components, mainly as a result of the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An MMP/TIMP imbalance may be critical in triggering neurological disorders, in particular in virally induced neural disorders. In the present study, a mouse model of brain infection using a neurotropic strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) was used to study the effect of CNS infection on the MMP/TIMP balance and cytokine expression. CDV replicates almost exclusively in neurons and has a unique pattern of expression (cortex, hypothalamus, monoaminergic nuclei, hippocampus, and spinal cord). Here we show that although several mouse brain structures were infected, they exhibited a differential pattern in terms of MMP, TIMP, and cytokine expression, exemplified by (i) a large increase in pro-MMP9 levels, in particular in the hippocampus, which occurred mainly in neurons and was associated with in situ gelatinolytic activity, (ii) specific and significant upregulation of MT1-MMP mRNA expression in the cortex and hypothalamus, (iii) an MMP/TIMP imbalance, suggested by the upregulation of TIMP-1 mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and of TIMP-3 mRNA in the cortex, and (iv) a concomitant region-specific large increase in expression of Th1-like cytokines, such as gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), contrasting with weaker induction of Th2-like cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. These data indicate that an MMP/TIMP imbalance in specific brain structures, which is tightly associated with a local inflammatory process as shown by the presence of immune infiltrating cells, differentially impairs CNS integrity and may contribute to the multiplicity of late neurological disorders observed in this viral mouse model.

scholarly journals Do Neurotrophins Connect Neurological Disorders and Heart Diseases?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Masashi Fujitani ◽  
Yoshinori Otani ◽  
Hisao Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Neurotrophins (NTs) are one of the most characterized neurotrophic factor family members and consist of four members in mammals. Growing evidence suggests that there is a complex inter- and bi-directional relationship between central nervous system (CNS) disorders and cardiac dysfunction, so-called “brain–heart axis”. Recent studies suggest that CNS disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and depression, affect cardiovascular function via various mechanisms, such as hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis augmentation. Although this brain–heart axis has been well studied in humans and mice, the involvement of NT signaling in the axis has not been fully investigated. In the first half of this review, we emphasize the importance of NTs not only in the nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system from the embryonic stage to the adult state. In the second half, we discuss the involvement of NTs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and then examine whether an alteration in NTs could serve as the mediator between neurological disorders and heart dysfunction. The further investigation we propose herein could contribute to finding direct evidence for the involvement of NTs in the axis and new treatment for cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banglian Hu ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Axonal Spheroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.

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