scholarly journals How music training enhances working memory: a cerebrocerebellar blending mechanism that can lead equally to scientific discovery and therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Vandervert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Music Training

scholarly journals A multi-component, adaptive Working Memory Assessment Battery (WoMAB): validation and norms in an Italian population sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Pasotti ◽  
Giulia De Luca ◽  
Edoardo Nicolò Aiello ◽  
Chiara Gramegna ◽  
Marco Di Gangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Test Digit ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Working memory (WM) abilities are frequently impaired in neurological disorders affecting fronto-parietal cortical/sub-cortical structures. WM deficits negatively influence interventional outcomes and everyday functioning. This study thus aimed at the following: (a) developing and standardizing an ecologically valid task for WM assessment ( Ice Cream Test, ICT); (b) validating and norming a novel WM test (Digit Ordering Test, DOT), as well as providing updated norms for digit span (DS) tasks, in an Italian population sample; (c) introducing a novel scoring procedure for measuring WM. Methods One-hundred and sixty-eight Italian healthy participants—73 male, 95 females; age: 48.4 ± 19.1 (18–86); education: 12.1 ± 4.8 (4–21)—underwent a thorough WM assessment—DOT, ICT, and both forward and backward DS tasks (FDS, BDS). The ICT requires participants to act as waiters who have to keep track of customers’ orders. For each task, WM and total (T) outcomes were computed, i.e., the number of elements in the longest sequence and that of recalled sequences, respectively. Norms were derived via the equivalent score (ES) method. Results DS ratios (DSRs) were computed for both WM/S and T outcomes on raw DS measures (BDS divided by FDS). Age and education significantly predicted all WM tasks; sex affected FDS and DSR-T scores (males > females). WM measures were highly internally related. Discussion The present work provides Italian practitioners with a normatively updated, multi-component, adaptive battery for WM assessment (WoMAB) as well as with novel outcomes which capture different WM facets—WM capacity and attentive monitoring abilities.

The Impact of Music Training and Working Memory on Speech Recognition in Older Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bruna S. Mussoi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Speech Recognition In Noise ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Music training has been proposed as a possible tool for auditory training in older adults, as it may improve both auditory and cognitive skills. However, the evidence to support such benefits is mixed. The goal of this study was to determine the differential effects of lifelong musical training and working memory on speech recognition in noise, in older adults. Method A total of 31 musicians and nonmusicians aged 65–78 years took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants had a normal pure-tone average, with most having high-frequency hearing loss. Working memory (memory capacity) was assessed with the backward Digit Span test, and speech recognition in noise was assessed with three clinical tests (Quick Speech in Noise, Hearing in Noise Test, and Revised Speech Perception in Noise). Results Findings from this sample of older adults indicate that neither music training nor working memory was associated with differences on the speech recognition in noise measures used in this study. Similarly, duration of music training was not associated with speech-in-noise recognition. Conclusions Results from this study do not support the hypothesis that lifelong music training benefits speech recognition in noise. Similarly, an effect of working memory (memory capacity) was not apparent. While these findings may be related to the relatively small sample size, results across previous studies that investigated these effects have also been mixed. Prospective randomized music training studies may be able to better control for variability in outcomes associated with pre-existing and music training factors, as well as to examine the differential impact of music training and working memory for speech-in-noise recognition in older adults.

scholarly journals Music Training, Working Memory, and Neural Oscillations: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Yurgil ◽  
Miguel A. Velasquez ◽  
Jenna L. Winston ◽  
Noah B. Reichman ◽  
Paul J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Music Training

scholarly journals Lavender and the Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peir Hossein Koulivand ◽  
Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri ◽  
Ali Gorji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Insect Bites

Lavender is traditionally alleged to have a variety of therapeutic and curative properties, ranging from inducing relaxation to treating parasitic infections, burns, insect bites, and spasm. There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest anxiolytic, mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties for lavender. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In this paper, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given.

Music training and working memory: An ERP study

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse M. George ◽  
Donna Coch
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Music Training

Musicians show greater cross-modal integration, intermodal integration, and specialization in working memory than non-musicians

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rielle Gagnon ◽  
Elena Nicoladis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Components Analysis

Theories of working memory (WM) often distinguish between a central component and peripheral components for verbal and visual information. In the present study, we tested whether musicians differed from non-musicians on WM capacity and structure, with a particular focus on motor memory. We compared individuals with instrumental music training ( n = 91) to those without musical training ( n = 99) on seven WM tasks, measuring visual, verbal, and motor memory. The results showed that the musicians only rarely outperformed non-musicians on WM tasks. As for memory structure, a principal components analysis revealed that the seven tasks loaded onto different components for non-musicians and musicians. In musicians, scores loaded onto three components that represent motor–visual memory, verbal memory, and memory for the movements of others. In contrast, there were only two extracted components for non-musicians. These results suggest that music training leads to greater cross-modal and intermodal integration in WM, as well as specialization within motor memory.

The relationship between early musical training and executive functions: Validation of effects of the sensitive period

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562097869
Author(s):  
Jiejia Chen ◽  
Meike Scheller ◽  
Chuanyu Wu ◽  
Biyu Hu ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
The Relationship

Interest in the influence of musical training on executive functions (EFs) has been growing in recent years. However, the relationship between musical training and EFs remains unclear. By dividing EFs into inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, this study systematically examined its association with musical training in children, and further verified whether there was a sensitive period for the influence of music training on EFs. In Experiment 1, musically trained and untrained children were asked to complete the Go/No-go, Stroop, Continuous Performance, and Switching tasks. Results showed that musically trained children had an advantage in attention inhibition, response inhibition, and working memory, but not in cognitive flexibility. Moreover, the level of musical training was positively correlated with response inhibition and working memory abilities. In Experiment 2, results showed that early-trained musicians performed better on measures of attention inhibition, response inhibition, and working memory than did the age-matched control group, but late-trained musicians only performed better in attention inhibition. Thus, our findings suggest that music training is associated with enhanced EF abilities and provide the first evidence that early childhood is a sensitive period when musical training has a more powerful effect on the development of EFs.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Potentiality of Bioactive Flavonoid against Ketamine Induced Cell Death of PC 12 Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Chintha Venkataramaiah ◽  
Bandila Lakshmi Priya ◽  
Sholapuri Payani ◽  
Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Free Radical Damage

During the past few years, there has been exponential growth in the field of ethnopharmacology in the treatment of different human ailments, including neurological disorders. In our previous study, we isolated, characterized, and reported a novel bioactive compound with therapeutic efficacy in vivo, which was used in the current study. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effect and therapeutic mechanism of the natural plant compound 3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-(4-methoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one against ketamine-induced toxicity in PC 12 cell lines. Cell death was induced in PC 12 cell lines by incubating with ketamine, and the protection offered by the compound at different concentrations was studied during pretreatment. The therapeutic efficacy was screened through MTT assay, LDH assay, DCF-DA assay, clonogenic assay, RT-PCR, and densitometric analysis. The bioactive compound caused a significant elevation in cell viability up to approximately 80%, down-regulation of cell damage, reduction in free radical damage caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species, and up-regulation of cell survival ability, which was dysregulated during ketamine induction. In addition, RT-PCR analysis of DOPA-related genes suggests that the compound exerted significant inhibition in the expression of these genes, which were overexpressed during ketamine induction. The current findings provide new insight into the neuroprotective mediation of bioactive factors as a prospective therapy for neurological disorders.

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