scholarly journals Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends by Hydrophilic Nanoclay

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chern Chiet Eng ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effects of hydrophilic nanoclay, Nanomer PGV, on mechanical properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) blends were investigated and compared with hydrophobic clay, Montmorillonite K10. The PLA/PCL/clay composites were prepared by melt intercalation technique and the composites were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectra indicated that formation of hydrogen bond between hydrophilic clay with the matrix. XRD results show that shifting of basal spacing when clay incorporated into polymer matrix. TEM micrographs reveal the formation of agglomerate in the composites. Based on mechanical properties results, addition of clay Nanomer PGV significantly enhances the flexibility of PLA/PCL blends about 136.26%. TGA showed that the presence of clay improve thermal stability of blends. DMA show the addition of clay increase storage modulus and the presence of clay Nanomer PGV slightly shift two Tg of blends become closer suggest that the presence of clay slightly compatibilizer the PLA/PCL blends. SEM micrographs revealed that presence of Nanomer PGV in blends influence the miscibility of the blends. The PLA/PCL blends become more homogeneous and consist of single phase morphology.

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Polyester/Nanoclay Nanocomposites: Microstructure-Mixing Strategy Correlation

2011 ◽  
Vol 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Dalir ◽  
Rouhollah D. Farahani ◽  
Vireya Nhim ◽  
Benjamin Samson ◽  
Martin Lévesque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Excellent Improvement

ABSTRACTDifferent nanoclay mixing strategies using a three-roll mill and ultrasonication is proposed to obtain the desired polyester/nanoclay dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation. The dispersion states of the modified nanoclay in polymer with 2, 4 and 6 wt% loading were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low and high magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the clay-reinforced polyester nanocomposites were a function of the nature and the content of the clay in the matrix. The nanocomposite containing 4 wt% modified Cloisite® 15A exhibits excellent improvement in modulus (by ~51%) and tensile strength (by ~12%) with a decrease in fracture strain (by ~26%) and fracture energy (by ~17%). These mechanical characteristic changes can be attributed to the dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation of the nanoclays inside the polyester matrix.

Development and characterization of novel polybutylene nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Alfadhel ◽  
Adam Al-Mulla ◽  
Bader Al-Busairi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix

Polybutylene/starch/nanoclay composite blends were prepared by melt extrusion technique. Maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene was used as a compatibilizer. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, rheological, and mechanical analysis. Addition of compatibilizer to the polybutylene/starch/nanoclay showed dispersion and nucleation related to the nanoclay in the polybutylene matrix. An increase in the mechanical properties like modulus and tensile strength at break and a decrease in the elongation at break were observed on the addition of compatibilizer to the matrix compared to that of uncompatibilized matrix. The biodegradability of the nanocomposites was studied using the landfill burial test. The blends subjected to the burial test were evaluated for their tensile properties. The results revealed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the compatibilized nanocomposites decreased after 80 days of land burial test compared to the initial period.

Organoclay-reinforced polyethersulfone-modified epoxy-based hybrid nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Boming Zhang ◽  
Jinrui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hybrid nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the incorporation of polyethersulfone (PES) and organoclay into epoxy resin. They had higher fracture toughness than the prepared PES/epoxy blend and organoclay/epoxy nanocomposites. The microstructures of the hybrid nanocomposites were studied. They were comprised of homogeneous PES/epoxy semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) matrices and organoclay micro-agglomerates made up of tactoid-like regions composed of ordered exfoliated organoclay with various orientations. The former was confirmed with dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the latter was successfully observed with X-ray diffraction measurements, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The improvement of their fracture toughness was due to the synergistic toughening effect of the PES and the organoclay and related to their microstructures.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Typical Over-Aging State Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy during Thermal Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 1026 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Tao Qian Cheng ◽  
Zhi Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy have been widely used in aerospace industry. However, there is still a lack of research on thermal stability of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy products. In the present work, an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with T79 and T74 states was placed in the corresponding environment for thermal exposure experiments. Performance was measured by tensile strength, hardness and electrical conductivity. In this paper, precipitation observation was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM). The precipitations of T79 state alloy were GPⅡ zone, η' phase and η phase while the ultimate tensile strength, hardness and electrical conductivity were 571MPa, 188.2HV and 22.2MS×m-1, respectively. The mechanical property of T79 state alloy decreased to 530MPa and 168.5HV after thermal exposure. The diameter of precipitate increased and the precipitations become η' and η phase at the same time. During the entire thermal exposure, T74 state alloy had the same mechanical property trend as T79 state alloy. The precipitate diameter also increased while the types of precipitate did not change under thermal exposure. The size of precipitates affected the choice of dislocation passing through the particles to affect the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cha Ping Liau ◽  
Mansor Bin Ahmad ◽  
Kamyar Shameli ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Matrix Enhancement ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/stearate Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting intercalation method. Coprecipitation method was used to prepare the anionic clay Mg-Al LDH from nitrate salt solution. Modification of nitrate anions by stearate anions between the LDH layers via ion exchange reaction. FTIR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic acid (COOH) group which indicates that stearate anions were successfully intercalated into the Mg-Al LDH. The formation of nanocomposites only involves physical interaction as there are no new functional groups or new bonding formed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the mixtures of nanocomposites are intercalated and exfoliated types. XRD results showed increasing of basal spacing from 8.66 to 32.97 Å in modified stearate Mg-Al LDH, and TEM results revealed that the stearate Mg-Al LDH layers are homogeneously distributed in the PHB/PCL polymer blends matrix. Enhancement in 300% elongation at break and 66% tensile strength in the presence of 1.0 wt % of the stearate Mg-Al LDH as compare with PHB/PCL blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that clay improves compatibility between polymer matrix and the best ratio 80PHB/20PCL/1stearate Mg-Al LDH surface is well dispersed and stretched before it breaks.

scholarly journals Polystyrene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Study of the Morphology and Effects of Sonication Time on Thermal Stability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael Alshabanat ◽  
Amal Al-Arrash ◽  
Waffa Mekhamer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Sonication Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polystyrene Matrix ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Polymer nanocomposites of polystyrene matrix containing 10% wt of organo-montmorillonite (organo-MMT) were prepared using the solution method with sonication times of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used to modify the montmorillonite clay after saturating its surface with Na+ions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the montmorillonite before and after modification by CTAB. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using the same analysis methods. These results confirm the intercalation of PS in the interlamellar spaces of organo-MMT with a very small quantity of exfoliation of the silicate layers within the PS matrix of all samples at all studied times of sonication. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show clear improvement, and the effects of sonication time are noted.

The Impact Properties of a Polyurethane Composite Filled with Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1100-1103
Author(s):  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

A polyurethane/clay (PU/clay) composite was synthesized. The microstructure of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The impact properties of the composite were characterized by impact testing. The study on the structure of the composite showed that clays could be dispersed in the polymer matrix well apart from a few of clusters. The results from mechanical analysis indicated that the impact properties of the composite were increased greatly in comparison with pure polyurethane. The investigation on the mechanical properties showed that the impact strength could be obviously increased by adding 20 wt% (by weight) clay to the matrix.

Preparation and characterization emulsion of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite and its application as anticorrosive coating

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Khademian ◽  
Hossein Eisazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Emulsion nanoparticles of polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized in the aqueous media by using hydroxylpropylcellulose (HPC) as a stabilizer and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in the presence of TiO2 with nanometer size. New poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) coating over carbon steel was prepared by addition of emulsion nanoparticles in different concentrations (1%, 2% and 1.5%) in PVAc as the major matrix. The Tafel plot records were used for the definition of potential and corrosion current (Icorr). Nanoparticles were characterized and compared by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By adding TiO2, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite increased. A small size of colloidal particles prevented the precipitation of conducting polymer particles and led to better dispersion of nanocomposites in the matrix of the PVAc binder; therefore, the paint was homogeneous and anticorrosion properties of the coating increased. According to the results, 1.5% of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite in PVAc has a much lower Icorr in NaCl aqueous solution and 2% of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite in PVAc has the best corrosion protection in HCl.

Preparation, characterization, and properties of polystyrene/Na-montmorillonite composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Erol Dağ ◽  
Pınar Acar Bozkurt ◽  
Fatma Eroğlu ◽  
Meltem Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A series of polystyrene (PS)/unmodified Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) composites were prepared via in situ radical polymerization. The prepared composites were characterized using various techniques. The presence of various functional groups in the unmodified Na-MMT and PS/unmodified Na-MMT composite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphology and particle size of prepared composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the XRD and TEM results, the interlayer spacing of MMT layers was expanded. SEM images showed a spongy and porous-shaped morphology of composites. TEM revealed the Na-MMT intercalated in PS matrix. The thermal stability of PS/unmodified Na-MMT composites was significantly improved as compared to PS, which is confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA curves indicated that the decomposition temperature of composites is higher at 24–51°C depending on the composition of the mixture than that of pure PS. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the glass transition temperature of composites was higher as compared to PS. The moisture retention, water uptake, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area, and specific pore volume of composites were also investigated. Water resistance of the composites can be greatly improved.

Upconversion Luminescence Properties of NaYF4 Nanocrystals Precipitated Nd3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ Tri-Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3744-3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Yuebo Hu ◽  
Dacheng Zhou ◽  
Jianbei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Transfer Process ◽  
Upconversion Luminescence ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxyfluoride Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix

Transparent oxyflouride glass ceramics composed of SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–NaF–YF3 tri-coped with Nd3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ were prepared by thermal treatment. Segregation of NaYF4 nanocrystals in the matrix was confirmed from structural analysis by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Compared with glass samples, very strong green upconversion (UC) luminescence due to the Ho3+:(4F5, 5S2)→5I8 transition was observed in the glass ceramics under 808 nm excitation. It was found that upconversion intensity of Ho3+ strongly depends on the Nd3+ concentration, and the energy transfer process from Nd3+ to Ho3+ via Yb3+ was proposed.

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