scholarly journals ShigellaBacteremia in a Patient with Visceral Leishmaniasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Yegnasew Takele ◽  
Desalegn Woldeyohannes ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
One Year ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Hiv Negative

Bacteremia due toShigellais rare. A 26-year-old HIV-negative male presented with a persistent high-grade fever of two months duration to the Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Hospital. He was anorexic and had lost significant weight (from 76 to 57 kg in 4 months, BMI = 17.2 kg/m2). He also complained of headache, chills, and rigor. In the last one year, he was experiencing a few episodes of acute bloody diarrhea, the last episode being two months ago. Microscopy from splenic aspiration showed Leishman-Donovan bodies with parasite load of +3. The blood culture showedShigellaspecies, but the stool was culture negative. The isolate was sensitive to most tested antibiotic discs, sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, tetracycline, and norfloxacilin, except ampicillin. Therefore, requesting blood culture for identifying unexpected type of organisms causing infections in patients with underlying diseases like visceral leishmaniasis should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment of anti-leishmanial drugs at University of Gondar Hospital; Leishmania Research and Treatment Center Northwest, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Shiferaw ◽  
Fadil Murad ◽  
Mitikie Tigabie ◽  
Mareye Abebaw ◽  
Tadele Alemu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Visceral leshimaniasis is a parasitic disease characterized by systemic infection of phagocytic cells and an intense inflammatory response. The progression of the disease or treatment may have an effect on hematological parameters of these patients'. Thus, the current study sought to compare the hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment with anti-leishmaniasis drugs. Method An institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among visceral leishmaniasis patients admitted to the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital leishmaniasis research and treatment centre between September 2013 and August 2018. Hematological profiles were extracted from the laboratory registration book before and after treatment. Data were entered to Epi-info and exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequency and percentage to present with the table. The mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were used to present the data. Furthermore, using the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon Signed rank test, the mean difference for normally and non-normally distributed data was compared. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis were used to describe the relationship between hematological parameters and various variables. A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result With the exception of the absolute neutrophil count, all post-treatment hematological parameters show a significant increase when compared to pre-treatment levels. Prior to treatment, the prevalence of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia was 85.5, 83.4, and 75.8%, respectively, whereas it was 58.3, 38.2, and 19.2% following treatment. Furthermore, parasite load was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with hematological profiles, specifically with white blood cell and red blood cell parameters. Conclusion According to our findings, patients with visceral leishmaniasis had improved hematological profiles after treatment. The effect of treatment on parasite proliferation and concentration within visceral organs, in which the parasite load could directly affect the patient's hematological profiles, may be associated with the change in hematological profiles.

scholarly journals Immune response dynamics and Lutzomyia longipalpis exposure characterize a biosignature of visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility in a canine cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009137
Author(s):  
Manuela da Silva Solcà ◽  
Maiara Reis Arruda ◽  
Bruna Martins Macedo Leite ◽  
Tiago Feitosa Mota ◽  
Miriam Flores Rebouças ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year

Background Reports have shown correlations between the immune response to vector saliva and Leishmaniasis outcome. We followed dogs in an endemic area for two years characterizing resistance or susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) according to Leishmania infantum diagnosis and clinical development criteria. Then, we aimed to identify a biosignature based on parasite load, serum biological mediators’ interactions, and vector exposure intensity associated with CVL resistance and susceptibility. Methodology/Principal findings A prospective two-year study was conducted in an area endemic for CVL. Dogs were evaluated at 6-month intervals to determine infection, clinical manifestations, immune profile, and sandfly exposure. CVL resistance or susceptibility was determined upon the conclusion of the study. After two years, 78% of the dogs were infected with L. infantum (53% susceptible and 47% resistant to CVL). Susceptible dogs presented higher splenic parasite load as well as persistence of the parasite during the follow-up, compared to resistant ones. Susceptible dogs also displayed a higher number of correlations among the investigated biological mediators, before and after infection diagnosis. At baseline, anti-saliva antibodies, indicative of exposure to the vector, were detected in 62% of the dogs, reaching 100% in one year. Higher sandfly exposure increased the risk of susceptibility to CVL by 1.6 times (CI: 1.11–2.41). We identified a discriminatory biosignature between the resistant and susceptible dogs assessing splenic parasite load, interaction of biological mediators, PGE2 serum levels and intensity of exposure to sandfly. All these parameters were elevated in susceptible dogs compared to resistant animals. Conclusions/Significance The biosignature identified in our study reinforces the idea that CVL is a complex multifactorial disease that is affected by a set of factors which are correlated and, for a better understanding of CVL, should not be evaluated in an isolated way.

scholarly journals Comparing Treatment Outcomes of Ampicillin-Sulbactam, Other β-Lactams, and Vancomycin in Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Se Ju Lee ◽  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Hi Jae Lee ◽  
Ki Hyun Lee ◽  
Eun Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Severance Hospital ◽  
One Year ◽  
Culture Negative

Selection of proper antibiotics for blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE) is difficult due to limited data on antibiotic regimens for BCNIE in existing literature. The aim of this study was to compare ampicillin-sulbactam, other β-lactams antibiotics, and vancomycin among patients with BCNIE to determine the proper antibiotic regimens. This retrospective study included adult patients with BCNIE admitted to Severance Hospital from November 2005 to August 2017. Patients were classified into three groups as, treated with ampicillin-sulbactam, other β-lactams, and vancomycin. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. A total of 74 cases with BCNIE were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics between the three groups. One-year mortality did not significantly differ between the study groups either. Further, in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality and overall mortality showed no difference. However, Cox-regression analysis showed nosocomial infective endocarditis as an independent risk factor and a protective effect of surgery on 1-year mortality. This study showed no clear difference in the outcomes of BCNIE as per the antibiotic therapy but suggested the beneficial effect of surgical treatment. With increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance, it might be reasonable to select ampicillin-sulbactam-based antibiotic therapy while actively considering surgical treatment in BCNIE.

scholarly journals Current FDA-Approved Therapies for High-Grade Malignant Gliomas

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Fisher ◽  
David C. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
One Year

The standard of care (SOC) for high-grade gliomas (HGG) is maximally safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for 6 weeks, then adjuvant TMZ for 6 months. Before this SOC was established, glioblastoma (GBM) patients typically lived for less than one year after diagnosis, and no adjuvant chemotherapy had demonstrated significant survival benefits compared with radiation alone. In 2005, the Stupp et al. randomized controlled trial (RCT) on newly diagnosed GBM patients concluded that RT plus TMZ compared to RT alone significantly improved overall survival (OS) (14.6 vs. 12.1 months) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (PFS6) (53.9% vs. 36.4%). Outside of TMZ, there are four drugs and one device FDA-approved for the treatment of HGGs: lomustine, intravenous carmustine, carmustine wafer implants, bevacizumab (BVZ), and tumor treatment fields (TTFields). These treatments are now mainly used to treat recurrent HGGs and symptoms. TTFields is the only treatment that has been shown to improve OS (20.5 vs. 15.6 months) and PFS6 (56% vs. 37%) in comparison to the current SOC. TTFields is the newest addition to this list of FDA-approved treatments, but has not been universally accepted yet as part of SOC.

Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis: a worse outcome? Results from a large multicentre retrospective Spanish cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Roberto Suardi ◽  
Arístides de Alarcón ◽  
María Victoria García ◽  
Antonio Plata Ciezar ◽  
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Spanish Cohort

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Second-Line Oral Treatments of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gangneux ◽  
Michael Dullin ◽  
Annie Sulahian ◽  
Yves Jean-Francois Garin ◽  
Francis Derouin
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Marked Activity

ABSTRACT In a murine model of Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis, metronidazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine were less effective than antimonial agents in reducing hepatic parasite load. Ketoconazole potentiated the effect of meglumine antimoniate reference therapy through its marked activity against spleen infection.

scholarly journals Ehrlichia species as possible causative agents of blood culture-negative endocarditis

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brouqui ◽  
Didier Raoult ◽  
Jean Marc Durand
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Culture Negative

Eosinophilic lung disease as a sequela of MSSA pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e239304
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Muhammad Zaid Hamid Hussain ◽  
Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Rare Group

Eosinophilic lung diseases are a rare group of lung disorders with multiple known and unknown aetiologies and the diagnosis is often challenging. We present a case of a young man who was admitted with pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and was discharged on antibiotics. He presented to the emergency department approximately 2 weeks after discharge with high-grade fever, cough and shortness of breath associated with serum and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia. He was then treated with steroids with complete resolution of disease process.

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