scholarly journals Nonlinear Current Control for Reluctance Actuator with Hysteresis Compensation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Liu ◽  
Kang-Zhi Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Strong Nonlinearity ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Hysteresis Compensation ◽  
Large Size ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Control Configuration ◽  
The Voice

The next-generation fine stage of the wafer scanner needs a suitable actuator to meet the requirements of high speed, high acceleration, and high precision. The voice coil actuator is no longer the best choice because of its large size and the heat dissipation is difficult to solve. The reluctance actuator can provide a big force based on a unique property of small volume and low current, making it a very suitable candidate. But the strong nonlinearity such as the hysteresis between the current and force limits the reluctance actuator applications in nanometer positioning. This paper proposes a nonlinear current control configuration with hysteresis compensation using the adaptive multilayer neural network. Simulation results show that the hysteresis compensator is effective in overcoming the hysteresis and is promising in precision control applications.

Hysteresis Compensation Control for a Current-Driven Reluctance Actuator Using the Adaptive MNN

2014 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Liu ◽  
Zhi Kang Liu ◽  
Xiao Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Hysteresis Compensation ◽  
Variable Reluctance ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Control Configuration ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Great Force ◽  
Hysteresis Control

The next-generation semiconductor lithography equipment needs a suitable actuator to meet the requirement of high-speed, high-acceleration and high-precision. Reluctance actuator, which has a unique property of small volume, low current and can produce great force, is a very suitable choice. One of the major application challenges of reluctance actuator is the hysteresis of the force, which has a nonlinear relationship with respect to the current and is directly related to the final accuracy in the nanometer range. Therefore, it is necessary to study the control method for the hysteresis in reluctance force. This paper proposes a hysteresis control configuration for the current-driven variable reluctance actuator with hysteresis using the adaptive multilayer neural network (MNN), which is used as a learning machine of hysteresis. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in overcoming the hysteresis.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals Optical Encryption Based on Computer Generated Holograms in Photopolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Taihui Wu ◽  
Jianshe Ma ◽  
Chengchen Wang ◽  
Haibei Wang ◽  
Liangcai Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Spectrum ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Response Code ◽  
Optical Encryption ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Quick Response Code ◽  
Computer Generated Holograms ◽  
Encryption Method

An optical encryption method based on computer generated holograms printing of photopolymer is presented. Fraunhofer diffraction is performed based on the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, and a hologram of the Advanced Encryption Standard encrypted Quick Response code is generated to record the ciphertext. The holograms of the key and the three-dimensional image are generated by the angular spectrum diffraction algorithm. The experimental results show that large-size encrypted Quick Response (QR) code and miniature keys can be printed in photopolymers, which has good application prospects in optical encryption. This method has the advantages of high-density storage, high speed, large fault tolerance, and anti-peeping.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modeling Railway Structures on High-Speed Lines with Asphalt Concrete Underlay: A Study on the Bretagne–Pays de la Loire Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Diana Khairallah ◽  
Olivier Chupin ◽  
Juliette Blanc ◽  
Pierre Hornych ◽  
Jean-Michel Piau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
High Speed Trains

The design and durability of high-speed railway lines is a major challenge in the field of railway transportation. In France, 40 years of feedback on the field behavior of ballasted tracks led to improvements in the design rules. However, the settlement and wear of ballast, caused by dynamic stresses at high frequencies, remains a major problem on high-speed tracks leading to high maintenance costs. Studies have shown that this settlement is linked to the high acceleration produced in the ballast layer by high-speed trains traveling on the track, disrupting the granular assembly. The “Bretagne–Pays de la Loire” high-speed line (BPL HSL), with its varied subgrade conditions, represents the first large-scale application of asphalt concrete (GB) as the ballast sublayer. This line includes 77 km of conventional track with a granular sublayer of unbound granular material (UGM) and 105 km of track with an asphalt concrete sublayer under the ballast. During construction, instruments such as accelerometers, anchored deflection sensors, and strain gages, among others, were installed on four sections of the track. This paper examines the instrumentation as well as the acquisition system installed on the track. The data processing is explained first, followed by a presentation of the ViscoRail software, developed for modeling railway tracks. The bituminous section’s behavior and response is modeled using a multilayer dynamic response model, implemented in the ViscoRail software. A good match between experimental and calculated results is highlighted.

scholarly journals Core-Shell Sr2CeO4@SiO2 Filled COC‑Based Composites with Low Dielectric Loss for High-Frequency Substrates

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4006
Author(s):  
Qinlong Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Caixia Zhang ◽  
Qilong Zhang ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Core Shell

High-frequency communication equipment urgently needs substrate materials with lower dielectric loss, better heat dissipation, and higher stability, to ensure real-time low-loss and high-speed signal transmission. The core-shell structure of Sr2CeO4@SiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method, and the modified powders with different volume contents were introduced into the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) to prepare hydrocarbon resin-based composites. Due to the protective effect of the SiO2 shell, the stability of the powders is significantly improved, and the moisture barrier and corrosion resistance of the composites are enhanced, which is conducive to the normal operation of electronic equipment in harsh and complex environments. When the filler content is 20 vol%, the composite has a dielectric loss of 0.0023 at 10 GHz, a dielectric constant of 3.5, a thermal conductivity of 0.9 W·m−1·K−1, a water absorption of 0.32% and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 37.7 ppm/℃. The COC/Sr2CeO4@SiO2 composites exhibit excellent dielectric properties and thermal conductivity, while maintaining good moisture resistance and dimensional stability, which shows potential application prospects in the field of high-frequency substrates.

scholarly journals Current Control Method of WRSM in High-speed Operation Range

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2052-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Jun Lee ◽  
Ki-Doek Lee ◽  
Ik-Sang Jang ◽  
Sung-Gu Lee ◽  
Woong-Chan Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Current Control

Thermal Characters of the Air-Cooled High Speed Motorized Spindle for Wood-Working Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Da Guo Ma ◽  
Xin Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Dissipation Structure ◽  
Motorized Spindles

The structure and composition of the air-cooled high speed motorized spindle for wood-working machine and some features relative to the metal cutting motorized spindle are introduced briefly. Then the main heat sources and heat dissipation mechanism of the air-cooled motorized spindle are thoroughly analyzed, finite element model of the air-cooled motorized spindle is built, the motorized spindles temperature distribution under thermal steady state and the influence of speed are analyzed. The results show that air cooling relative to the water or oil cooling has many advantages and reasonable heat dissipation structure design of air-cooled motorized spindle could meet the requirements of the high-speed motorized spindle for wood-working machine.

Optimization of High-Speed Electrolytic Plating of Copper Pillar to Achieve a Flat Top Morphology and Height Uniformity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 000150-000155
Author(s):  
Raihei Ikumoto ◽  
Yuki Itakura ◽  
Shinji Tachibana ◽  
Hisamitsu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Polarization Curve ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Pillar Height ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Cu Pillar ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Cu plating bath for high-speed electrodeposition of Cu pillar was designed in consideration of a flat top morphology of pillar and a pillar height uniformity. An ideal polarization curve was assumed for the flat top morphology. To obtain the ideal polarization curve, an effect of organic additive concentration and solution agitation on the polarization curve were investigated. The basic bath components were optimized considering a Wagner number to improve pillar height uniformity. To confirm the pillar top morphology and the pillar height uniformity, a 300 mm diameter wafer was plated with Cu at 20 A/dm2. As a result, improved pillar top morphology and pillar height uniformity were obtained. The optimized plating bath was applied to the plating of large-size panel of 415 × 510 mm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document