scholarly journals Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance ofEnterococcusSpp. Isolated from the River and Coastal Waters in Northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Alipour ◽  
Reza Hajiesmaili ◽  
Maryam Talebjannat ◽  
Yousef Yahyapour
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Prevalent Species

As fecal streptococci commonly inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and warm blooded animals, and daily detection of all pathogenic bacteria in coastal water is not practical, thus these bacteria are used to detect the fecal contamination of water. The present study examined the presence and the antibiotic resistance patterns ofEnterococcusspp. isolated from the Babolrud River in Babol and coastal waters in Babolsar. Seventy samples of water were collected in various regions of the Babolrud and coastal waters. Isolated bacteria were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests and PCR technique. In total, 70Enterococcusspp. were isolated from the Babolrud River and coastal waters of Babolsar.Enterococcus faecalis(68.6%) andEnterococcus faecium(20%) were the most prevalent species. Resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and tetracyclin was prevalent. The presence of resistantEnterococcusspp. in coastal waters may transmit resistant genes to other bacteria; therefore, swimming in such environments is not suitable.

scholarly journals Trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Md Babul Aktar ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics.Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem.Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 6-10

scholarly journals Clinical Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Across 70 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Catalan ◽  
Carlos Reding ◽  
Jessica Blair ◽  
Ivana Gudelj ◽  
Jon Iredell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

We sought global patterns of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria within the AMR Research Initiative database, Atlas. This consists of 6.5M clinical minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) observed in 70 countries in 633k patients between 2004 and 2017. Stratifying MICs according to pathogens (P), antibiotics (A) and countries (C), we found that the frequency of resistance was higher in Atlas than other publicly available databases. We determined global MIC distributions and, after showing they are coherent between years, we predicted MIC changes for 43 pathogens and 827 pathogen-antibiotic (PAs) pairings that exhibit significant resistance dynamics, including MIC increases and even decreases. However, many MIC distributions are multi-modal and some PA pairs exhibit sudden changes in MIC. We therefore analysed Atlas after replacing the clinical classification of pathogens into ‘susceptible’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘resistant’ with an information-optimal, cluster-based classifier to determine subpopulations with differential resistance that we denote S and R. Accordingly, S and R clusters for different PA pairs exhibit signatures of stabilising, directional and disruptive selection because their respective MICs can have different dynamics. Finally, we discuss clinical applications of a (R, dR/dt) ‘phase plane’ whereby the MIC of R is regressed against change in MIC (dR/dt), a methodology we use to detect PA pairs at risk of developing clinical resistance.

scholarly journals Investigation of TEM and SHV Beta-Lactamase Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Strawberry Samples in Sanandaj, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Soltan Dallal ◽  
H. Abdolmaleki ◽  
R. Ramazanzadeh ◽  
R. Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Background: When animal manures are used, food products may include pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. The major aim of the current study was to investigate TEM (blaTEM) and SHV beta-lactamase (blaSHV) genes in E. coli isolated from strawberry samples in Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: In this study, 150 strawberry samples were collected from farms (traditional), greenhouses, and packages in Sanandaj, Iran. E. coli contamination was done using routine culture methods. Then, isolates were investigated for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production and blaTEM or blaSHV genes using phenotypic and genotypic methods, respectively. Results: The most susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to antibiotics were related to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Out of 21 isolates of E. coli, eight were resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime; from which, six isolates were ESBL-producer. Furthermore, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis of six ESBL- producing E. coli isolates showed that four isolates included blaTEM gene, while no isolates included blaSHV gene. Conclusion: In this study, multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were seen in E. coli isolates, especially ESBL patterns in E. coli isolated from strawberries produced in Iran. 

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant and Plasmid Conjugative Study of Salmonella typhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Waleed Haji Saeed Akreyi ◽  
Samira Younis Yousif ◽  
Mahde Assafi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria has endangered the efficacy of antibiotics treatment of pathogenic bacteria worldwide. The aim of this research was to investigate the incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Duhok city, Iraq. Specimens of blood and stool were recruited from 267 patients. S. Typhi isolates were diagnosed depending on morphology, biochemical and serological tests. S. Typhi isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance. Multi-drug resistant S. Typhi isolates were conjugated with E. coli HB101. The plasmid profile of transconjugants was investigated. 15/267 (5.6%) S. Typhi isolates were identified. Based on their biochemical tests, S. Typhi isolates were categorized into two biotypes (I, 26.66% and II, 73.33%). Four resistance patterns were observed. The resistant pattern to ampicillin and tetracycline was the higher (46.6%). Conjugation experiment showed that all antibiotic markers were transferred from S. Typhi to E. coli HB101 with a conjugation frequency of (0.38×10-5). 13.3% of the S. Typhi isolates were multi-drug-resistant resistant and had two small plasmids. Transconjugants E. coli acquired the resistance from the multi-drug resistant S. Typhi. Antibiotics treatment of the pathogens could be hindered by the constant rise of multi-drug-resistant. Further studies are needed to study the mobile genetic elements and their contribution to antibiotics resistance.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Major Pathogenic Bacteria from Clinical Mastitic Cows in Asella Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gezehagn Kasa ◽  
Betelihem Tegegne ◽  
Belege Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Mastitis is a multietiological and complex disease causing inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands and is a problem in many dairy cows. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between November 2018 to April 2019 on a small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cow’s udder and teats were physically examined to detect clinical mastitis. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that show clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species were carried out by culturing different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for the cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates, 32 (38.6%), 24 (28.9%), and 6 (7.2%) were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus hyicus, respectively. Other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12 (14.5%) and Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2 (2.4%), and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices and future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

scholarly journals Antibiotic ResistantSalmonellaandVibrioAssociated with FarmedLitopenaeus vannamei

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Banerjee ◽  
Mei Chen Ooi ◽  
Mohamed Shariff ◽  
Helena Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

SalmonellaandVibriospecies were isolated and identified fromLitopenaeus vannameicultured in shrimp farms. Shrimp samples showed occurrence of 3.3% ofSalmonellaand 48.3% ofVibrio. The isolates were also screened for antibiotic resistance to oxolinic acid, sulphonamides, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin.Salmonella entericaserovar Corvallis isolated from shrimp showed individual and multiple antibiotic resistance patterns. FiveVibriospecies having individual and multiple antibiotic resistance were also identified. They wereVibrio cholerae(18.3%),V. mimicus(16.7%),V. parahaemolyticus(10%),V. vulnificus(6.7%), andV. alginolyticus(1.7%). Farm owners should be concerned about the presence of these pathogenic bacteria which also contributes to human health risk and should adopt best management practices for responsible aquaculture to ensure the quality of shrimp.

scholarly journals Isolation And Identification Of Major Pathogenic Bacteria From Clinical Mastitic Cows In Asella Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezehagn Kasa Tufa ◽  
Betelhem Tegegne Muluneh ◽  
Belege Tadesse Siyamregn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification

ABSTRACTMastitis is a multi-etiological and complex disease causing inflammation of parenchyma of mammary glands is a problem in many dairy herds. The objective of this study was isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross sectional study was undertaken from November 2018 to April 2019 on small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cows were examined directly at quarter and teat level for clinical manifestation. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that shows clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species was carried out by culturing on different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates 32 (38.6%) were S. aureus, 24 (28.9%) were Staphylococcus intermedius and 6 (7.2%) were Staphyloco ccus hyicus, other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12(14.5%), Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus Species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2(2.4%) and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices as well as future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

scholarly journals Isolation of pathogenic microorganisms and determination of their antibiotic resistance patterns collected from different bakery products of Dhaka city

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Das ◽  
A. Sarkar ◽  
A. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Bakery products play an important part in the diet of daily life and provide vital nutrients to human. But pathogenic microorganisms may get entry to bakery items through improper handling and storage which may lead some disease to consumers. For this reason, the objective of this study was to detect pathogenic bacteria in different bakery products collected from different places of Dhaka city. In this study, commonly consumed bakery items such as sweets, biscuit, cake and bread samples were collected from different locations for the detection of pathogenic microorganism. Here, all the samples were found to be contaminated huge microbial count up to 106 CFU/g. Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were most predominate among all. On the other hand, Escherichia coli was totally absent in all the samples. This result indicated that bakery products prepared under unhygienic environments and which may serve as a reservoir of various pathogenic bacteria and most of them were showed resistance against common antibiotics. To ensure the health safety of consumer’s government should take necessary actions to educated food handlers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogens in Tehran, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Kashef ◽  
Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid ◽  
Sahba Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to provide information regarding local resistance patterns of urinary pathogens to the commonly used antibiotics in Tehran, Iran. Methodology: Urine samples collected and submitted to two pathobiology laboratories in Tehran were identified by conventional methods over a period of three years (December 2006 to May 2009). Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by the standard disk diffusion technique in accordance with the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Of the total 13,333 mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of urinary tract infection, 840 (6.3%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common isolate (68.8%) followed by Proteus spp. (12.4%), and Klebsiella spp. (9.6%). E. coli isolates were mostly susceptible to nitrofurantoin (71.3%), followed by ciprofloxacin (68.1%); however, only 38.2% of E. coli isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin may be considered as a first-line empiric antibacterial agent for urinary tract infections in outpatients in Tehran, Iran.

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