scholarly journals Isolation And Identification Of Major Pathogenic Bacteria From Clinical Mastitic Cows In Asella Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezehagn Kasa Tufa ◽  
Betelhem Tegegne Muluneh ◽  
Belege Tadesse Siyamregn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification

ABSTRACTMastitis is a multi-etiological and complex disease causing inflammation of parenchyma of mammary glands is a problem in many dairy herds. The objective of this study was isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross sectional study was undertaken from November 2018 to April 2019 on small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cows were examined directly at quarter and teat level for clinical manifestation. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that shows clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species was carried out by culturing on different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates 32 (38.6%) were S. aureus, 24 (28.9%) were Staphylococcus intermedius and 6 (7.2%) were Staphyloco ccus hyicus, other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12(14.5%), Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus Species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2(2.4%) and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices as well as future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Major Pathogenic Bacteria from Clinical Mastitic Cows in Asella Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gezehagn Kasa ◽  
Betelihem Tegegne ◽  
Belege Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Mastitis is a multietiological and complex disease causing inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands and is a problem in many dairy cows. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria that cause bovine clinical mastitis. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between November 2018 to April 2019 on a small scale and government dairy farms in Asella town. Cow’s udder and teats were physically examined to detect clinical mastitis. A total of 83 milk samples were collected from 46 cows that show clinical sign of mastitis from a total of 12 farms. Isolation and identification of major bacterial species were carried out by culturing different media and using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Out of the 83 samples collected and examined, all (100%) were positive for the cultural isolation of bacterial species. The bacteria were identified to genus and species level. Among the 83 isolates, 32 (38.6%), 24 (28.9%), and 6 (7.2%) were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus hyicus, respectively. Other bacteria like Escherichia coli 12 (14.5%) and Streptococcus species 2 (2.4%) were also isolated. Bacillus species 2 (2.4%), Proteus species 2 (2.4%), and 3 (3.6%) of them were mixed bacterial infections. The present study revealed that both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogens were responsible for the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Proper milking practices and farm husbandry practices and future detailed studies up to the species level and on antibiotic profiles of the pathogens are needed.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Inhibitors of Erwinia tracheiphila

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998
Author(s):  
Cláudio M. Vrisman ◽  
Loïc Deblais ◽  
Yosra A. Helmy ◽  
Reed Johnson ◽  
Gireesh Rajashekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Static Activity ◽  
Low Toxicity

Plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Erwinia cause economically important diseases, including bacterial wilt of cucurbits caused by Erwinia tracheiphila. Conventional bactericides are insufficient to control this disease. Using high-throughput screening, 464 small molecules (SMs) with either cidal or static activity at 100 µM against a cucumber strain of E. tracheiphila were identified. Among them, 20 SMs (SM1 to SM20), composed of nine distinct chemical moiety structures, were cidal to multiple E. tracheiphila strains at 100 µM. These lead SMs had low toxicity to human cells and honey bees at 100 µM. No phytotoxicity was observed on melon plants at 100 µM, except when SM12 was either mixed with Silwet L-77 and foliar sprayed or when delivered through the roots. Lead SMs did not inhibit the growth of beneficial Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species but inhibited the growth of Bacillus species. Nineteen SMs were cidal to Xanthomonas cucurbitae and showed >50% growth inhibition against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, 19 SMs were cidal or static against Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Five SMs demonstrated potential to suppress E. tracheiphila when foliar sprayed on melon plants at 2× the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thirteen SMs reduced Et load in melon plants when delivered via roots. Temperature and light did not affect the activity of SMs. In vitro cidal activity was observed after 3 to 10 h of exposure to these five SMs. Here, we report 19 SMs that provide chemical scaffolds for future development of bactericides against plant pathogenic bacterial species.

Raw Milk as a Potential Source of Food Poisoning Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Isa Shu’aibu ◽  
Habiba Abdullahi ◽  
S. Hanna Kadum ◽  
A. Jabir Hamza ◽  
Y. Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Production Chain

In Africa, the use of poor and unhygienic methods for animal milking and milk processing that leads to spoilage of milk by microbes affects the production of milk and dairy products, especially in the small scale and local processing plants. This study was conducted to analyze the quality and safety of raw milk collected from six different towns in Kwami local government area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The samples were serially diluted using ten-fold dilution and used aliquot 1 ml to inoculate the appropriate media using pour plate technique. The total viable count for bacteria in CFU/ml on plate count agar (PCA) was highest in sample E from U/Anchau with an average of total viable count of 3.8x104 CFU/ml, followed by 3.0x104 CFU/ml in sample B (Dirri), then 2.8x104 CFU/ml in sample D from Burakosuma, 2.5x104 CFU/ml in sample F from Dun urji, 2.3x104 CFU/ml in sample C from Zanbe with least count from sample A at Bele as 1.8x104 CFU/ml. Five (5) bacterial species of public health importance were isolated and identified using biochemical tests namely; Enterobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.. Out of the organisms isolated, Enterobacter sp. had the highest occurrence of 93% (n=280), then Yersinia enterocolitica 90% (n=270), E. coli 70% (n=210), S. aureus 57% (n=170), and finally Salmonella sp. 23% (n=70). Based on the microbiological outcomes, preventive measures for milking and processing that focus on training of farmers and dairy employees for the improvement of the hygiene of local milk and dairy production chain should be defined.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kudinha ◽  
C. Simango
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

scholarly journals Potentiation of Tobramycin by Silver Nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc B. Habash ◽  
Mara C. Goodyear ◽  
Amber J. Park ◽  
Matthew D. Surette ◽  
Emily C. Vis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacterial species is a serious public health problem and has prompted research examining the antibacterial effects of alternative compounds and novel treatment strategies. Compounding this problem is the ability of many pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms during chronic infections. Importantly, these communities are often recalcitrant to antibiotic treatments that show effectiveness against acute infection. The antimicrobial properties of silver have been known for decades, but recently silver and silver-containing compounds have seen renewed interest as antimicrobial agents for treating bacterial infections. The goal of this study was to assess the ability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of various sizes, alone and in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin, to inhibit established Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Our results demonstrate that smaller 10-nm and 20-nm AgNPs were more effective at synergistically potentiating the activity of tobramycin. Visualization of biofilms treated with combinations of 10-nm AgNPs and tobramycin reveals that the synergistic bactericidal effect may be caused by disrupting cellular membranes. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays using clinical P. aeruginosa isolates shows that small AgNPs are more effective than larger AgNPs at inhibiting biofilms, but that the synergy effect is likely a strain-dependent phenomenon. These data suggest that small AgNPs synergistically potentiate the activity of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa in vitro and may reveal a potential role for AgNP/antibiotic combinations in treating patients with chronic infections in a strain-specific manner.

Isolation and Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria from Clinical Cases of Bovine Mastitis in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waseem ◽  
A. Muhee ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
Z. A. Akhoon ◽  
Khusheeba Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy animals causing heavy losses in terms of fall in milk production, decreased milk quality and additional costs for veterinary services. Mastitis is caused by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and mycoplasma, of which bacteria are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Microbiological testing is necessary for identification of cause of mastitis and adaptation of control measures to prevent the disease. The aim of the presnt study was to isolate and identify major mastitis causing bacteria from clinical mastitic cases presented to Veterinary Clinical complex, FVSc. and AH, Shuhama Kashmir for treatment. Methods: A total of 200 bovine milk samples from CMT confirmed clinical mastitis cases were collected and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Mac-Conkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol salt agar and Edwards media for bacterial isolation. The isolates were then subjected to biochemical tests for identification. Result: Upon microbiological testing and biochemical confirmation, the major mastitis causing bacteria isolated from clinical cases of Bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus Spp. showing highest prevalence of 46.4% followed by mixed infection with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (20.8%), Streptococci Spp. (18.4%) and Escherichia coli (14.4%).

scholarly journals Isolation of bacteriophages with lytic activity against a newly identified Pantoea agglomerans

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
N. Korniienko ◽  
E. Dukhno ◽  
A. Kharina ◽  
I. Budzanivska
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phage Isolate ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

In a consequence of agricultural human activity, a set of phytopathogenic bacteria gain new properties and ability to cause diseases in animal and human organisms. Moreover, bacterial loss of sensitivity to antibiotics becomes more increasing threat. The most effective alternative method of processing of plants are bacteriophages. The aim of this work is isolation and identification of a vegetable enterobacteria and search of its specific bacteriophages. Methods: biochemical identification of bacteria, analysis on sensitivity to antibiotics by means of disks, titration and accumulation of virus, electronic microscopy. Results: from onions samples with symptoms of a bacteriosis several bacteria were isolated. One of them was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The sensitivity of this isolate to antibiotics was investigated, the resistance to cefalexin and norfloxacin is revealed. The bacteriophage specific to this bacteria is isolated from waste waters. The morphology of a bacteriophage is investigated by means of electronic microscopy, the virus belongs to the Myoviridae family. Phytopathogenic properties of bacteria and the antibacterial activity of phage isolate were investigated on potatoes in vitro. P. agglomerans led to development of a bacteriosis on potatoes cubes, and the isolated bacteriophage successfully inhibited its growth. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that common vegetables such as onions could be a source of human pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we isolated P.agglomerans, member of family Enterobacteriaceae. Taking into account that this bacteria was unsensitive to some antibiotics, it can be regarded as an alarming sign. The use of bacteriophages could solve problems of antimicriobial resistance and protecting of crops from bacterial infections. Isolated bacteriophage from waste waters inhibited growth of P.agglomerans in vitro showing that it could be considered as a part of phage drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Married Women in Kalar District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

passer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Saman Mohammed Mohammed- Amin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Married Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an inflammatory disease, caused by polymicrobial infection, including pathogenic bacteria which replace the vaginal normal flora and finally this replacement causes manifestations of several physiological and clinical symptoms among women within different ages. BV has become one of the main problems that make woman patients visit gynecological and obstetric consultant hospitals in most country. The present study is designed to determine the causative pathogen and the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among married women patients in Kalar district. This cross-sectional study was performed from the beginning of March to the mid April-2021 among women who attended Obstetrics and Gynecological governmental hospital and out-patient clinics in Kalar City. Intra vaginal swabs have been collected in sterile Amies transport medium sticks and processed for isolation and identification of bacterial species depending on colony morphology, Gram’s stain and microbiological analysis protocols. Then socio-demographic and gynaecologic data were collected by questionnaire. Out of the 108 participant women who suffered from Gynecological diseases, 67(62.03%) of them exhibited bacterial vaginosis. From the 73 different isolated colonies, 18 bacterial species were identified; coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the predominant cause of BV (32.84%), followed by E. coli (14.93%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.43%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.96) and Micrococcus luteus (7.46%), while Proteus spp. and some uncommon bacteria display (1.49%) for each of them. The socio-demographic analysis between positive and negative woman patients revealed that the association between all studied risk factors and BV were statistically significant (P value < 0.05) except the age factor which was statistically non-significant meaning that the age was not associated with BV. In addition, the clinical symptom analysis showed that abnormal vaginal discharge, lower back pain, dysmenorrhea and strawberry were significantly associated with BV (P value < 0.05), while the rest of other factor did not exhibit statistically significant association.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Virulent Genotype and Unusual Biochemical Behavior of Escherichia coli ST59.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina de Mello Santos ◽  
Bruna Fuga ◽  
Fernanda Esposito ◽  
Brenda Cardoso ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metabolic Trait ◽  
Virulence Markers

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is a leading cause of human and animal infections worldwide. The utilization of selective and differential media to facilitate the isolation and identification of E. coli from complex samples as water, food, sediment, and the gut is common in epidemiological studies. During a surveillance study, we identified an E. coli strain isolated from human blood culture that displayed atypical light cream-colored colonies in chromogenic agar, being unable to produce β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase enzymes in biochemical tests. Genomic analysis showed that the strain belongs to the sequence type ST59 and phylogroup F. The evaluation in silico of 104 available sequenced lineages of ST59 complex showed that most of them belong to serotype O1:K1:H7, are β-glucuronidase-negative, and harbor a virulent genotype associated with the presence of important virulence markers such as pap , kpsE , chuA , fyuA , and yfcV . Most of them were isolated from extraintestinal human infections in diverse countries worldwide and could be clustered/subgrouped based on papAF allele analysis. Considering that all analyzed strains harbor a virulent genotype, and most do not present the typical biochemical behavior of the E. coli species, we alert that they could be misclassified or underestimated, especially in epidemiological studies where the screening criteria rely only on typical biochemical phenotypes as happens when chromogenic media are used. Importance The usage of selective and differential media is a rule that guides presumptive bacterial identification based on specific metabolic traits that are specific to each bacterial species. When a bacterial specimen displays an unusual phenotype in these media, this characteristic may drive to bacterial misidentification or a significant delay in its identification, putting a patient at risk depending on the infection’s type. In the present work, we describe a virulent E. coli sequence type (ST59) that does not produce the beta-glucuronidase enzyme (GUS-negative), which is the metabolic trait widely used for E. coli presumptive identification in diverse differential media. The recognition of this unusual metabolic trait may help in the proper identification of ST59 isolates, the identification of their reservoir, and the evaluation of the frequency of these pathogens in places where automatic identification methodologies are not available.

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