scholarly journals A New Approach and Analysis of Modeling the Human Body in RFID-Enabled Body-Centric Wireless Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoliina Koski ◽  
Toni Björninen ◽  
Lauri Sydänheimo ◽  
Leena Ukkonen ◽  
Yahya Rahmat-Samii
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Wide Range

Body-centric wireless systems demand wearable sensor and tag antennas that have robust impedance matching and provide enough gain for a reliable wireless communication link. In this paper, we discuss a novel and practical technique for the modeling of the human body in UHF RFID body-centric wireless systems. What makes this technique different is that we base the human model on measured far-field response from a reference tag attached to the human body. Hereby, the human body model accounts for the encountered human body effects on the tag performance. The on-body measurements are fast, which allows establishing a catalog of human body models for different tag locations and human subjects. Such catalog would provide a ready simulation model for a wide range of wireless body-centric applications in order to initiate a functional design. Our results demonstrate that the suggested modeling technique can be used in the design and optimization of wearable antennas for different real-case body-centric scenarios.

scholarly journals Investigation on Wireless Link for Medical Telemetry Including Impedance Matching of Implanted Antennas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Ilkyu Kim ◽  
Sun-Gyu Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyun Nam ◽  
Jeong-Hae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
The Body ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Antenna Coupling ◽  
Medical Telemetry

The development of biomedical devices benefits patients by offering real-time healthcare. In particular, pacemakers have gained a great deal of attention because they offer opportunities for monitoring the patient’s vitals and biological statics in real time. One of the important factors in realizing real-time body-centric sensing is to establish a robust wireless communication link among the medical devices. In this paper, radio transmission and the optimal characteristics for impedance matching the medical telemetry of an implant are investigated. For radio transmission, an integral coupling formula based on 3D vector far-field patterns was firstly applied to compute the antenna coupling between two antennas placed inside and outside of the body. The formula provides the capability for computing the antenna coupling in the near-field and far-field region. In order to include the effects of human implantation, the far-field pattern was characterized taking into account a sphere enclosing an antenna made of human tissue. Furthermore, the characteristics of impedance matching inside the human body were studied by means of inherent wave impedances of electrical and magnetic dipoles. Here, we demonstrate that the implantation of a magnetic dipole is advantageous because it provides similar impedance characteristics to those of the human body.

scholarly journals 3D Personalized Human Modeling and Deformation Technology for Garment CAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S3) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Kun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Feature Lines ◽  
Human Modeling

According to the design requirements of garment CAD system, this paper summarizes and analyzes the flow, characteristics and existing problems of existing human modeling algorithms, and proposes a 3D human modeling method based on section ring calculation, and realizes the dynamic modeling of human body driven by joint points. Firstly, the human body shape is classified to create a 3D human body shape template library. On the basis of extracting feature points and feature lines of the human model, the relationship between the size change and the feature points is calculated by using simple linear scaling ratio. Through the mathematical modeling of chest curve, waist hip curve and longitudinal datum line, the fitting curve results which reflect the curve characteristics and are convenient for subsequent clothing deformation are obtained. The algorithm is simple and efficient. It can not only accurately reproduce the surface static characteristics of the original scanned human body, but also change the dynamic characteristics of the human body interactively, which can meet the basic requirements of the human body model in the process of fashion design.

Comparing Segmentation Approaches for Learning-Aware Wireframe Generation on Human Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jida Huang ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Parameters

Abstract Wireframe has been proved very useful for learning human body from semantic parameters. However, the definition of the wireframe is highly dependent on the anthropological experiences of experts in previous works. Hence it is usually not easy to obtain a well-defined wireframe for a new set of human models in the available database. To overcome such difficulty, an automated wireframe generation method would be very helpful in relieving the need for manual anthropometric definition. In order to find such an automated wireframe designing method, a natural way is using automatic segmentation methods to divide the human body model into small mesh patches. Nevertheless, different segmentation approaches could have various segmented patches, thus resulting in various wireframes. How these wireframes affect human body learning performance? In this paper, we attempt to answer this research question by comparing different segmentation methods. Different wireframes are generated with the mesh segmentation methods, and then we use these wireframes as an intermediate agent to learn the relationship between the human body mesh models and the semantic parameters. We compared the reconstruction accuracy with different generated wireframe sets and summarized several meaningful design guidelines for developing an automatic wireframe-aware segmentation method for human body learning.

Further Validation of the Head in the Ford Human Body FE Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed E. El-Jawahri ◽  
Tony R. Laituri ◽  
Jesse Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Pendulum Impact

The head in the Ford human body model (FHBM) was previously validated against impact test data involving post mortem human subjects (PMHS). The objective of the current study was to further validate the head model against more PMHS tests. The data included the following published tests: rigid bar impact to the forehead, zygoma, and maxilla (2.5–4.2 m/s), lateral pendulum impact (5.7 m/s), and front pendulum impact to the frontal bone, nasal bone, and maxilla (2.2 m/s). The responses from the model were compared to available published cadaveric response corridors and to various cadaveric responses. When compared to the cadaveric response corridors, the responses from the model were within those corridors. In addition, the model responses demonstrated acceptable fidelity with respect to the test data. The head injury criterion (HIC15), strain, and stress values from the model were also reported.

APPLICABILITY OF HOMOGENEOUS HUMAN TRUNK PHANTOM IN ESTIMATING THE RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BODY-WORN DEVICES

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISHENG XU ◽  
MAX Q.-H. MENG ◽  
HONGLIANG REN
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Link Performance

In this paper, the radiation characteristics with respect to the suitability of using homogeneous phantom for testing the compliance of radiation frequency devices are assessed. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is applied to analyze the variations of a 900 MHz half-wavelength dipole antenna's biological effects and link performance depending on distance between antenna and human body model. The distance between the surface of the model and the outside exposure source is changed from 25 mm to 1 mm within the range of λ/2π. The distributions of the specific absorption rates (SARs) and the electric fields for various vertical slices of a simplified homogeneous phantom and three anatomical human body trunk models are calculated, respectively. The legs and head have little influence on the radiation characteristics of body-worn, ingestible or implantable wireless devices. The results demonstrate that a homogenous representation of human body is suited for assessing the averaged SARs in human body and confirm that the local energy absorption details and communication link performance need to be analyzed by using the anatomical models or by combining with the worst-case consideration.

scholarly journals Optimization of wearable microwave antenna with simplified electromagnetic model of the human body

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Januszkiewicz ◽  
Paolo Di Barba ◽  
Sławomir Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Microwave Antenna ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Electromagnetic Model ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIn this paper the problem of optimization design of a microwave wearable antenna is investigated. Reference is made to a specific antenna design that is a wideband Vee antenna the geometry of which is characterized by 6 parameters. These parameters were automatically adjusted with an evolution strategy based algorithm EStra to obtain the impedance matching of the antenna located in the proximity of the human body. The antenna was designed to operate in the ISM (industrial, scientific, medical) band which covers the frequency range of 2.4 GHz up to 2.5 GHz. The optimization procedure used the finite-difference time-domain method based full-wave simulator with a simplified human body model. In the optimization procedure small movements of antenna towards or away of the human body that are likely to happen during real use were considered. The stability of the antenna parameters irrespective of the movements of the user’s body is an important factor in wearable antenna design. The optimization procedure allowed obtaining good impedance matching for a given range of antenna distances with respect to the human body.

scholarly journals A multi-body human model for rear-impact simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Himmetoglu ◽  
M Acar ◽  
K Bouazza-Marouf ◽  
A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Multi Body

This paper presents the validation of a 50th-percentile male multi-body human model specifically developed for rear-impact simulation. The aim is to develop a biofidelic model with the simplest architecture that can simulate the interaction of the human body with the seat during rear impact. The model was validated using the head-and-neck and torso responses of seven volunteers from the Japanese Automobile Research Institute sled tests, which were performed at an impact speed of 8km/h with a rigid seat and without head restraint and seat belt. The results indicate that the human-body model can effectively mimic the rear-impact response of a 50th-percentile male with a good level of accuracy and has the potential to predict whiplash injury.

Personificación de Modelos de Elementos Finitos de Cuerpo Humano

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Piqueras Lorente ◽  
Johan Iraeus ◽  
Francisco José López Valdés ◽  
Ana Isabel Lorente Corellanos ◽  
Óscar Juste Lorente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Measured Position ◽  
Oblique Impacts

The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of improving the geometry of a human body model on the accuracy of the predicted kinematics for 4 post-mortem human subject sled tests. Three modifications to the computational human body model THUMS were carried out to evaluate if subject personification can increase the agreement between predicted and measured kinematics of post-mortem human subjects in full frontal and nearside oblique impacts. The modifications consisted of: adjusting the human body model mass to the actual subject mass, morphing it to the actual anthropometry of each subject and finally adjustment of the model initial position to the measured position in selected post-mortem human subject tests. A quantitative assessment of the agreement between predicted and measured response was carried out by means of CORA analysis by comparing the displacement of selected anatomical landmarks (head CoG, T1 and T8 vertebre and H-Point). For all three scenarios, the more similar the human body model was to the anthropometry and posture of the sled tested post-mortem human subject, the more similar the predictions were to the measured responses of the post-mortem human subject, resulting in higher CORA score.

scholarly journals Semantic Segmentation of Human Model Using Heat Kernel and Geodesic Distance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huanyu Yang ◽  
Kuangrong Hao ◽  
Yongsheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Heat Kernel ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Geodesic Distance ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Model Segmentation ◽  
Heat Kernel Signature

A novel approach of 3D human model segmentation is proposed, which is based on heat kernel signature and geodesic distance. Through calculating the heat kernel signature of the point clouds of human body model, the local maxima of thermal energy distribution of the model is found, and the set of feature points of the model is obtained. Heat kernel signature has affine invariability which can be used to extract the correct feature points of the human model in different postures. We adopt the method of geodesic distance to realize the hierarchical segmentation of human model after obtaining the semantic feature points of human model. The experimental results show that the method can overcome the defect of geodesic distance feature extraction. The human body models with different postures can be obtained with the model segmentation results of human semantic characteristics.

scholarly journals Numerical Tests of the Virtual Human Model Response Under Dynamic Load Conditions Defined in Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23.562 and 25.562 – Preliminary Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-530
Author(s):  
Lukasz Lindstedt ◽  
Jan Vychytil ◽  
Tomasz Dziewonski ◽  
Ludek Hyncik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Body Model

Abstract The main aim of the presented research was to check mechanical response of human body model under loads that can occur during airplane accidents and compare results of analysis with some results of experimental tests described in literature. In simulations, new multi-purpose human body model, the VIRTHUMAN, was used. The whole model, as well as its particular segments, was earlier validated based on experimental data, which proved its accuracy to simulate human body dynamic response under condition typical for car crashes, but it was not validated for loads with predominant vertical component (loads acting along spinal column), typical for airplane crashes. Due to limitation of available experimental data, the authors focused on conducting calculations for the case introduced in 14 CFR: Parts 23.562 and 25.562, paragraph (b)(1), knowing as the 60° pitch test. The analysis consists in comparison of compression load measured in lumbar section of spine of the FAA HIII Dummy (experimental model) and in the Virthuman (numerical model). The performed analyses show numerical stability of the model and satisfactory agreement between experimental data and simulated Virthuman responses. In that sense, the Virthuman model, although originally developed for automotive analyses, shows also great potential to become valuable tool for applications in aviation crashworthiness and safety analyses, as well.

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