scholarly journals Impact of an Anticaries Mouthrinse onIn VitroRemineralization and Microbial Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Sun ◽  
E. Eric Engelman ◽  
James A. McGuire ◽  
Gabrielle Kosmoski ◽  
Lauren Carratello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

Objective. The objective of this research was to evaluate the caries control potential of a new fluoride mouthrinse that also contained antimicrobial agents and a biofilm disrupting agent using differentin vitromodels.Methods. Fourin vitrostudies were conducted to assess the performance of this three pronged approach to caries control: (1) traditional enamel fluoride uptake, (2) surface microhardness study using pH cycling model and subsequent fluoride uptake, (3) a salivary biofilm flow-through study to determine the anti-microbial activity, and (4) a single species biofilm model measuring effect on biofilm matrix disruption.Results. The data showed that a LISTERINE rinse with fluoride, essential oils and xylitol was superior in promoting enamel fluoride uptake and in enhancing antimicrobial activity over traditional commercially available fluoridated products. An increase of the surface microhardness was observed when the LISTERINE rinse was used in combination with fluoridated toothpaste versus the fluoridated toothpaste alone. Finally, it was demonstrated that xylitol solutions disrupted and reduced the biovolume of biofilm matrix of matureStreptococcus mutans.Conclusion. Thesein vitrostudies demonstrated that a fluoride mouthrinse with antimicrobial agent and biofilm matrix disrupting agent provided multifaceted and enhanced anti-caries efficacy by promoting remineralization, reducing acidogenic bacteria and disrupting biofilm matrix.

scholarly journals In vitro comparison of the cariostatic effect between topical application of fluoride gels and fluoride toothpaste

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti ◽  
Ana Elisa de Mello Vieira ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Ph Cycling

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of topical fluoride products [acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or neutral gel (NF) x fluoride toothpaste (MFP)], in respect to fluoride uptake and anticariogenic action. One hundred and twenty five blocks of human teeth, sorted in 5 groups according to the treatment, were submitted to pH cycling for ten days. The parameters analyzed were: fluoride uptake before and after pH cycling and surface (SMH) and cross-sectional (CSMH) microhardness of the enamel blocks. The results of fluoride concentration in enamel after the pH cycling showed an enhancement of fluoride uptake for all groups compared to sound control. No significant differences between APF and MFP were observed for surface microhardness, percentage change of surface microhardness and mineral loss. The volume percent mineral obtained from cross-sectional microhardness demonstrated that APF has a different lesion progression rate regarding subsurface carious lesion. The results suggest that professionally applied fluoride gel or frequent fluoride application in low concentration is a positive preventive measure for the control of dental caries.

Anticaries Potential of Commercial Dentifrices as Determined by Fluoridation and Remineralization Efficiency

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Casals ◽  
Tchilalo Boukpessi ◽  
Christina M. McQueen ◽  
Sandy L. Eversole ◽  
Robert V. Faller
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate fluoride uptake in human enamel after use of commercially available toothpastes containing different fluoride compounds, or combinations of fluoride actives formulated into a single product, as a means of determining the efficiency of each formula for delivering caries preventing fluoride to demineralized (caries active) enamel. Methods and Materials Four test dentifrices and two controls were assessed and placed in groups as follows: Group 1: Lacer® (Spain); Group 2: Positive control-USP Reference Standard 1100 ppm F; Group 3: Fluocaril® Bi-Fluoré 250 (France); Group 4: Colgate Fluor Active (Denmark); Group 5: Elmex® (France); and Group 6: A placebo (formulated the same as the USP Reference Standard toothpaste with the exception that it contained < 1 ppm F). Cores 3 mm in diameter were removed from erupted human enamel specimens (extracted by local oral surgeons for orthodontic reasons) and stored in 1% Thymol solution prior to use. They were ground and polished to remove the natural fluoride rich enamel layer, then exposed to a demineralization solution, and assessed for surface microhardness to enable randomization for use in the study. Each group of five specimens underwent a daily pH cycling procedure that involved exposure to pooled human saliva (refreshed three times daily). The groups were then exposed to dentifrice slurries four times daily for one minute per exposure and to a demineralization solution for three hours. The cycling procedure was repeated for five days. Specimens were again analyzed for surface microhardness and fluoride uptake upon completion of five days of treatment. Results Average surface hardness: Groups 2 and 3 showed a statistically significant greater (p<0.05) change indicating greater remineralization compared to all other groups. The average change was 23.45 for Group 2 and 22.65 for Group 3. All other groups had changes ranging from 4.25-8.62. No other statistically significant differences were observed between groups. Fluoride uptake results: Groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significantly greater fluoride uptake versus all other groups (p <0.05). Groups 1 and 5 were significantly different from Group 6. No other statistically significant differences were observed for either analysis. Conclusions Of the marketed products included in the study, the Fluocaril® Bi-Fluoré 250 product formulation provided both the highest level of fluoride uptake and mineralization to the demineralized enamel. The clinical significance of these in vitro results is the confirmation Fluocaril® Bi-Fluoré 250 is effective at remineralizing enamel caries lesions. Citation Casals E, Boukpessi T, McQueen CM, Eversole SL, Faller RV. Anticaries Potential of Commercial Dentifrices as Determined by Fluoridation and Remineralization Efficiency. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:001-010.

Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21 on the Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans UA159 in a Dual-Species Biofilm Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza E. Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo A. Giacaman ◽  
Livia M. Tenuta ◽  
Jaime A. Cury
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Despite promising results using probiotics, evidence of the preventive effect on enamel demineralization is insufficient and the cariogenic potential of probiotics is still controversial. Probiotics could affect biofilm formation and interfere with adherence, growth or coaggregation with Streptococcus mutans in biofilms. However, most of the studies have been conducted using planktonic bacteria. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotic bacteria on the cariogenicity of S. mutans using an in vitro biofilm caries model on enamel. Single-species biofilms (S. mutans UA159, SM or Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21, LB) or dual-species biofilms simultaneously inoculated (SM + LB) or LB inoculated 8 h after SM (SM → LB) were grown for 96 h. Biofilms were formed on bovine enamel saliva-coated slabs of known surface hardness (SH) and immersed in culture media. Biofilms were exposed 8 times per day to 10% sucrose. Medium pH was monitored twice daily as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 96 h, biofilms were collected to determine biomass and bacteria viability. Slab demineralization was calculated as percentage of SH loss (%SHL). Additionally, the model was tested with different concentrations of the initial inoculum (103, 106, 108 cells/ml) and different adhesion times (2 or 8 h). The dual-species biofilm revealed no LB effects on SM cariogenicity, without changes in acidogenicity or %SHL among groups (p > 0.05, n = 12). Lack of activity of LB on SM cariogenicity persisted even when 105 times higher concentration of the probiotic was tested. Coaggregation was not observed. In conclusion, findings suggest that LB does not reduce cariogenicity of SM in a validated experimental caries model.

scholarly journals MrkD1Pfrom Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain IA565 Allows for Coexistence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Protection from Protease-Mediated Biofilm Detachment

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4112-4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Childers ◽  
Tricia A. Van Laar ◽  
Tao You ◽  
Steven Clegg ◽  
Kai P. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Essential Components

ABSTRACTBiofilm formation and persistence are essential components for the continued survival of pathogens inside the host and constitute a major contributor to the development of chronic wounds with resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Understanding these processes is crucial for control of biofilm-mediated disease. Though chronic wound infections are often polymicrobial in nature, much of the research on chronic wound-related microbes has focused on single-species models.Klebsiella pneumoniaeandPseudomonas aeruginosaare microbes that are often found together in wound isolates and are able to form stablein vitrobiofilms, despite the antagonistic nature ofP. aeruginosawith other organisms. Mutants of theK. pneumoniaestrain IA565 lacking the plasmid-bornemrkD1Pgene were less competitive than the wild type in anin vitrodual-species biofilm model withP. aeruginosa(PAO1). PAO1 spent medium inhibited the formation of biofilm ofmrkD1P-deficient mutants and disrupted preestablished biofilms, with no effect on IA565 and no effect on the growth of the wild type or mutants. A screen using a two-allele PAO1 transposon library identified the LasB elastase as the secreted effector involved in biofilm disruption, and a purified version of the protein produced results similar to those with PAO1 spent medium. Various other proteases had a similar effect, suggesting that the disruption of themrkD1Pgene causes sensitivity to general proteolytic effects and indicating a role for MrkD1Pin protection against host antibiofilm effectors. Our results suggest that MrkD1Pallows for competition ofK. pneumoniaewithP. aeruginosain a mixed-species biofilm and provides defense against microbial and host-derived proteases.

scholarly journals Anticaries potential of a fluoride mouthrinse evaluated in vitro by validated protocols

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pedroso Moi ◽  
Lívia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibacterial Substance ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

This blind and randomized study tested in vitro, using validated protocols, the anticaries potential of an experimental fluoride mouthrinse. One-hundred enamel slabs, half sound and half with caries-like lesions (carious), all with known surface microhardness (SMH), were submitted to 3 treatment groups: A) a placebo mouthrinse (negative control); B) a positive control mouthrinse containing 0.05% NaF; and C) an experimental formulation containing 0.05% NaF and cetylpyridinium chloride as an antibacterial substance. To evaluate the formation of F products on enamel, sound (n=10) and carious (n=10) slabs were treated with the formulations during 10 min and loosely and firmly-bound F formed in enamel were determined after extraction with alkali and acid, respectively. To evaluate the inhibition of enamel demineralization, sound enamel slabs (n=10) were treated with the mouthrinse formulations 2x/day during 1 min and subjected to a pH-cycling regimen simulating a cariogenic challenge (demineralization). To evaluate enamel remineralization, the carious slabs (n=10) were submitted to the treatments 3x/day and subjected to a pH-cycling model simulating a remineralizing condition. After 8 days, enamel SMH was determined again and the percentage of SMH loss or SMH recovery was calculated for the sound and carious slabs, respectively. The experimental formulation was superior to the negative control (p<0.05) and equivalent to the positive control (p>0.05) in the formation of F products in enamel, and in the inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. These data suggest that the tested experimental fluoride mouthrinse has anticaries potential.

Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica D. Theobaldo ◽  
Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior ◽  
Anderson Catelan ◽  
Maria do Carmo A. Mainardi ◽  
Orlando A. Ysnaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Deposition ◽  
Ph Cycling

AbstractIn this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke and pH cycling on the chemical composition and surface/cross-sectional enamel microhardness. A total of 40 dental blocks obtained from bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): no treatment (control); exposure to cigarette smoke (CS); exposure to pH cycling (PC); and exposure to cigarette smoke and pH cycling (CS-PC). The samples were analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence, bench mode X-ray fluorescence, as well as surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) testing. The SMH results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The CSMH results were evaluated using split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A high amount of Cd and Pb and traces of Ni and As were observed in enamel and dentin after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS and CS-PC). The SMH and CSMH of CS were statistically higher when compared with the control. The PC and CS-PC showed lower SMH and CSMH. We conclude that exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal deposition in enamel/dentin. In addition, it increased the enamel microhardness but did not promote a protective effect on the in vitro development of caries. The clinical significance of this work is that there is significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals from cigarette smoke on the surface and in the enamel and dentin.

Synergistic Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization by Peptide 8DSS and Fluoride

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xueping Lv ◽  
Wenyuan Shi ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
Jiyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Mineral Loss

The biomimetic peptide 8DSS has shown beneficial effects in promoting remineralization of demineralized enamel in vitro. Here we examined the ability of 8DSS alone and in combination with fluoride to inhibit enamel demineralization during pH-cycling mimicking intraoral conditions. Enamel blocks were subjected to 9 days of pH-cycling in the presence of 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control), distilled-deionized water (DDW; negative control), 25 μM 8DSS alone, 25 μM 8DSS with 500 ppm NaF (8DSS-FL) or 25 μM 8DSS with 1,000 ppm NaF (8DSS-FH) twice daily for 1 min each time. The blocks were analyzed in terms of surface microhardness (SMH), fluoride uptake and mineral content. The 8DSS-treated blocks showed significantly lower mineral loss, shallower lesions and higher SMH than the DDW-treated blocks. No significant differences were observed between the blocks treated with 8DSS alone or fluoride alone. The blocks treated with 8DSS alone or DDW showed similar amounts of fluoride uptake, which was the lowest of all the treatment groups. The blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH did not differ significantly, and both groups showed significantly greater SMH and fluoride uptake as well as significantly lower mineral loss and shallower lesions than the NaF-treated blocks. Mineral content was significantly higher in the 8DSS-treated blocks than in the DDW-treated blocks from the surface layer (10 µm) to the lesion depth (110 µm), and it was significantly higher in the blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH than in the NaF-treated blocks from 10 to 90 µm. These findings illustrate the potential of 8DSS for inhibiting enamel demineralization and for enhancing the anticaries effect of NaF.

scholarly journals Enamel remineralization by fluoride-releasing materials: proposal of a pH-cycling model

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Rodrigues ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Denise Pedrini ◽  
Luciana Cavassan
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microhardness Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
And Control

This study proposes a pH-cycling model for verifying the dose-response relationship in fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization in vitro. Sixty bovine enamel blocks were selected for the surface microhardness test (SMH1). Artificial caries lesions were induced and surface microhardness test (SMH2) was performed. Forty-eight specimens were prepared with Z 100, Fluroshield, Vitremer and Vitremer ¼ diluted - powder/liquid, and subjected to a pH-cycling model to promote remineralization. After pH-cycling, final surface microhardness (SMH3) was assessed to calculate percent recovery of surface microhardness (%SMHR). Fluoride present in enamel (μg F/mm3) and in the pH-cycling solutions (μg F) was measured. Cross-sectional microhardness was used to calculate mineral content (∆Z). There was no significant difference between Z 100 and control groups on analysis performed on - %SMHR, ∆Z, μg F and mg F/mm3 (p>0.05). Results showed a positive correlation between %SMHR and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9770; p=0.004), %SMHR and μg F (r=0.9939; p=0.0000001), ∆ and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9853; p=0.0002), ∆ and μg F (r=0.9975; p=0.0000001) and between μg F/mm3 and μg F (r=0.9819; p=0.001). The pH-cycling model proposed was able to verify in vitro dose-response relationship of fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization.

scholarly journals The effect of mouthwashes on fluoride dentifrices in preventing dental abrasion or erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Rachna Raj ◽  
◽  
Safia Haideri ◽  
Bipin Kumar Yadav ◽  
Joohi Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
The Impact

Erosive tooth wear (ETW) refers to the chemical dissolution of mineralized tissues by acids of non-bacterial origin. It occurs in the primary as well as the permanent dentition. In this study, our objectives were to investigate and compare the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oils (EO), and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on ETW protection produced by conventional fluoride kinds of toothpaste. A clinically relevant in-vitro erosion/abrasion pH cycling model was employed to test the effect of the aforementioned mouthwashes on modulating the ability of NaF and SnF2 types of toothpaste. The mean dentin surface loss associated with NaF toothpaste was significantly lower than for the SnF2 toothpaste. On the other hand, enamel surface loss with SnF2 toothpaste was significantly lower than for the NaF toothpaste. Also, the surface loss of erosion was significantly higher when associated with abrasion than without brushing and for both enamel and dentin. There was no significant difference in the surface loss among all types of mouthwash. Commonly used types of mouthwash containing antimicrobial agents or additional fluoride do not impact fluoride toothpaste action on erosion/abrasion. Also, considering erosion only, the tested SnF2 dentifrice provided better protection against surface loss of enamel than the other.

Therapeutic Potential of Biofilm-Dispersing Enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Deoxyribonuclease I ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

Surface-attached colonies of bacteria known as biofilms play a major role in the pathogenesis of medical device infections. Biofilm colonies are notorious for their resistance to antibiotics and host defenses, which makes most device infections difficult or impossible to eradicate. Bacterial cells in a biofilm are held together by an extracellular polymeric matrix that is synthesized by the bacteria themselves. Enzymes that degrade biofilm matrix polymers have been shown to inhibit bio film formation, detach established bio film colonies, and render biofilm cells sensitive to killing by antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the potential use of biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes as anti-biofilm agents for the treatment and prevention of device infections. Two enzymes, deoxyribonuclease I and the glycoside hydrolase dispersin B, will be reviewed in detail. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the anti-biofilm activities of these two enzymes will be summarized, and the therapeutic potential and possible drawbacks of using these enzymes as clinical agents will be discussed.

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