scholarly journals Variability of TKR Knee Kinematics and Relationship with Gait Kinetics: Implications for Total Knee Wear

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ngai ◽  
Markus A. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Motion Group ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Pcl Retaining ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Motion Groups

Several factors, including compressive load and knee kinematics, have been shown to influence wear. External knee moments (a surrogate for load) have recently been correlated with the medial and lateral wear scar areas of an unconstrained, PCL retaining knee design. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in kinetics during level walking are accompanied by specific differences in relative knee kinematics. Thirty TKR patients were gait tested using the point cluster technique to obtain 3D motions of the knee. External knee moments were calculated from ground reaction forces recorded with a multicomponent force plate. The subjects were separated into two distinct anteroposterior (AP) motion categories: a low motion group and a high motion group. Similarly, the low and high motion groups for internal-external (IE) rotation were also identified. For the IE motion, there was no significant difference between the transverse internal rotation moments between the two IE motion groups. However for the AP motion groups, a higher external peak flexion moment was found for the group displaying less AP motion. These observations suggest that subjects with higher joint moments execute smaller ranges of AP motion and thus are likely to incur less wear.

Outcome after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Modified Maquet Procedure in Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Julia Knebel ◽  
Daniela Eberle ◽  
Stephanie Steigmeier-Raith ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified Maquet procedure (MMP) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs using clinical and radiographic evaluation and treadmill-based force plate gait analysis. Study Design This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Materials and Methods Sixty-one dogs (76 joints) with CCLR were treated with TPLO (n = 30 dogs, 41 joints) or MMP (n = 31 dogs, 35 joints) and compared with a control group of 16 healthy Labrador Retrievers. Outcomes after surgery were compared by clinical orthopaedic assessment, radiographic evaluation and force plate gait analysis performed preoperatively, and then at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. For objective comparison of ground reaction forces, the data were compared with the control group. Major complications were reported. Results A significant improvement in ground reaction forces was reached in all surgically treated dogs. No significant difference was found between the surgical methods at any postoperative re-examination. With regard to peak vertical force (PVF), there were significantly more patients with TPLO within the reference range of healthy dogs at the 3 months re-examination than dogs with MMP. There was no significant difference in mean value comparisons between TPLO and control groups 6 months postoperatively. Compared with the control group, mean values of 93.9% (PVF) and 85.9% (vertical impulse [VI]) were reached by the TPLO group and 89.4% (PVF) and 79.9% (VI) by the MMP group, 6 months postoperatively.No significant differences were found regarding major complications or progression of osteoarthritis. Conclusions Although no significant differences were found between the surgical methods, TPLO patients showed superiority with regard to clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Alterations in Three-dimensional Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Neutral, Squeeze and Outward Squat

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyang Han ◽  
Shirong Ge ◽  
Hongtao Liu ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Abstract The squat exercise was usually performed with varying feet and hip angles by different populations. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast the three-dimensional knee angles, moments, and forces during dynamic squat exercises with varying feet and hip angles. Lower extremity motions and ground reaction forces for fifteen healthy subjects (9 females and 6 males) were recorded while performing the squat with feet pointing straight ahead (neutral squat), 30º feet adduction (squeeze squat) and 30º feet abduction (outward squat). Nonparametric procedures were used to detect differences in the interested measures between the conditions. No significant difference in three-dimensional peak knee angles was observed for three squat exercises (p>0.05), however, the overall tendency of knee rotations was affected by varying feet and hip positions. During the whole cycle, the outward squat mainly displayed adduction moments, while the neutral and squeeze squat demonstrated abduction moments. Peak abduction moments were significantly affected by feet positions (p<0.05). Moreover, the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint forces progressively increased as knee flexed and decreased as knee extended, yet peak forces were not affected by varying feet positions (p>0.05). In conclusion, a neutral position is recommended to perform the squat exercise, while the squeeze squat and outward squat might contribute to the occurrence of joint pathologies.

Plasma and synovial concentrations of carprofen in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Schneider ◽  
S. C. Budsberg
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces

SummaryThe objective of this study was to measure the synovial and plasma concentration of carprofen in normal and osteoarthritic stifle joints throughout a 12-hour period. Eight healthy male mixed breed hound dogs with chronic right stifle osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to right cruciate ligament transection, were used. Each dog was treated with carprofen (2mg/kg every 12 hours) for 14 days at four different time periods. Prior to treatment, each dog had baseline data collected that included two force plate evaluations (seven days apart), synovial fluid, and plasma collections. Plasma samples were collected at three hours post drug administration on days two, four, six, eight, 10, and 12. On days #7 and 14 plasma, serum, bilateral stifle synovial fluid and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected at three, six, nine, or 12 hours post-medication, depending upon the test protocol. Vertical and cranio-caudal ground reaction forces were recorded at each time period. Plasma concentrations measured at three hours remained constant over each testing protocol. There were not any differences between the plasma carprofen concentrations at three, nine, or 12 hours between days #7 or 14. A significant difference was not found in the carprofen synovial concentrations between left and right stifles at any time. Significant increases in vertical impulse data were found at six hours post-treatment, for all of the collection periods on days three, seven and 14. During the study, there was not any indication that carprofen had a ‘preference’ for the OA stifle as opposed to the normal stifle. Carprofen administration increased the total force transmitted through the abnormal limb.Carprofen concentrations in the plasma and synovial fluid and ground reaction forces were measured in dogs with single stifle osteoarthritis at three, six, nine and 12 hours following dosing at 2 mg/kg every 12 hours. Carprofen did not have a ‘preference’ for the OA stifle as opposed to the normal stifle. Carprofen administration increased the total force transmitted through the abnormal limb.

scholarly journals Knee Forces During Landing in Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Daniel J Cleather ◽  
Maike B Czasche
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laterally Loaded ◽  
Muscular Activation

AbstractSex differences in biomechanics may provide one explanation for the greater incidence of knee injuries in women, but few studies have compared internal forces. In this study, a musculoskeletal model was used to compare male and female, bilateral and unilateral landings based on motion capture and force plate data. Participants were classified as landing medially or laterally loaded based upon the mediolateral load share at the knee (bilateral: p < 0.001, η2=0.452; unilateral: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.444). Knee kinematics and ground reaction forces were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05, η2 = 0.001 – 0.059), but there were differences in muscular recruitment. Landing strategy did not appear to be dependent on sex. However, for both medially and laterally loaded bilateral landings men had greater gluteal (p = 0.017, η2 = 0.085) and hamstrings forces (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.183), whereas women had greater quadriceps forces (p = 0.004, η2 = 0.116). This study demonstrates an association between muscular recruitment and medially loaded landings. Landing strategy seems to be a function of skill not sex; however, within a particular landing strategy there may be sex differences in muscular activation that contribute to the difference in injury rates.

scholarly journals The relationship between neck angles and ground reaction forces in schoolchildren during backpack carriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dalia Mohammed Mosaad ◽  
Amr Almaz Abdel-aziem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryStudy aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of carrying backpacks on neck posture and ground reaction forces (GRFs) and to investigate the relationship between neck angles and GRFs during backpack carriage in schoolchildren.Material and methods: The craniohorizontal angle (CHA), craniovertebral angle (CVA), sagittal shoulder posture (SSP) and GRFs were measured in right-handed schoolchildren (14 male and 12 female) with mean age 10.17 ± 1.15 years during loaded and unloading conditions. The Qualisys motion analysis system with a force plate was used to assess the neck angles and GRFs.Results: During backpack carriage there was a significant increase in the CHA (p = 0.001), significant decrease in the CVA and SSP (p = 0.001, 0.016 respectively), no significant difference in the normalized (scaled to body weight) vertical GRFs (p > 0.05), and a significant increase in the anterior braking and posterior propulsive GRFs (p = 0.035, 0.002 respectively) compared to the unloading condition. While carrying a backpack there was a moderate negative correlation between the SSP and first vertical GRF (r = –0.464) and a strong negative correlation with the second vertical GRF (r = –0.571) and the posterior propulsive GRF (r = –0.587).Conclusion: Carrying a backpack weighing 15% of the child’s body weight changes the head posture and increases the normalized value of the anterior-posterior shear force. During backpack carriage, decreasing the SSP is associated with increasing the load acceptance, thrusting and posterior propulsive forces. Increasing the shearing force may lead to development of postural abnormities. Consequently, the ideal backpack weight should be considered by parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Postural Instability after Stepping on a Stair in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11885
Author(s):  
Hyokeun Lee ◽  
Kyungseok Byun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Study Participants

This study aimed to examine how older adults (OA) control their postural stability after stepping on a stair in comparison to young adults (YA). Ten OA and 10 YA participated in this study. Participants ascended a single stair (15 cm high by 30 cm wide) which was secured atop one of the force plates. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and center of pressure (COP) motion data were obtained from the force plate under the stair. After standing on the stair with both feet, GRFs and COP data for a 3 s duration were analyzed to assess postural variables, including time to stabilization (TTS), COP velocity (COPVEL), and COP sway area (COPSWAY). A significant difference in TTS in the anterior–posterior direction between OA and YA (p = 0.032) was observed, indicating that OA had difficulty stabilizing their body posture after the stair ascent compared to YA. For COP postural variables, no significant differences in COPVEL (p = 0.455) and COPSWAY (p = 0.176) were observed between OA and YA. Study findings indicate that older adults have less capacity to regain postural stability compared to young adults following a challenging dynamic movement.

INFLUENCE OF FOOT INSOLE ON THE GAIT PERFORMANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH FLAT FOOT DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950050
Author(s):  
M. T. KARIMI ◽  
R. B. TAHMASEBI ◽  
B. SATVATI ◽  
F. FATOYE
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Disorder

Flat foot is the most common foot disorder that influences the alignment of the lower limb structure. It is controversial whether the use of foot insole influences kinetic and kinematic of the leg or not. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of foot insole on the gait performance in subjects with flat foot disorder. A group of flat foot subject was recruited into this study (the number of subjects was 15). The motion of the leg joints was determined using the Qualysis motion analysis system. Moreover, the force applied on the lower limb was recorded by a Kistler force plate. The range of motion of the lower limb joints, the moments applied on the lower limb joints and force transmitted through the leg were the parameters used in this study. The difference between these parameters during walking with and without insole was evaluated using the paired [Formula: see text]-test. Significant value was set at [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference between the range of motion of ankle joint while walking with and without insole. However, the medial directed force applied on the leg decreased significantly [Formula: see text]. The use of foot insole did not influence the moments transmitted through the hip and knee joints. The walking speed of the subjects improved while walking with foot insole. Use of foot insole influenced the magnitude of the force applied on the leg and the adductor moment of ankle joint due to its influence on foot alignment. As the walking speed of the improved subjects follows the use of insole, it can be concluded that it may have a positive effects on the performance of flat foot subjects.

INTRA-SESSION RELIABILITY AND REPEATABILITY OF KNEE KINEMATICS IN SUBJECTS WITH ACL DEFICIENCY DURING STAIR ASCENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750092
Author(s):  
MARYAM HAJIZADEH ◽  
ALIREZA HASHEMI OSKOUEI ◽  
FARZAN GHALICHI ◽  
GISELA SOLE
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Stair Ascent ◽  
Acl Deficient

Analysis of knee kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) is widely used to determine compensatory mechanisms of people with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD). However, the practicality of the measurements is subject to their reliability during different trials. This study aims to determine the reliability and repeatability of knee joint rotations and GRFs in people with ACLD during stair ascent. Eight participants with unilateral ACL-deficient knees performed five trials of stair ascent with each leg. The movements were captured by VICON motion analysis system, and GRF components were recorded using force plate. Three-dimensional tibiofemoral joint rotations were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) were calculated ACL-deficient legs showed lower absolute reliability during swing ([Formula: see text]–6.4) than stance phase ([Formula: see text]–2.2) for knee joint rotations. Moderate to high average measure ICCs (0.59–0.98), relative reliability, were achieved for injured and uninjured sides. The results also demonstrated high repeatability for the knee joint rotation ([Formula: see text]–0.97) and GRF ([Formula: see text]–0.99). The outcomes of this study confirmed the consistency and repeatability of the knee joint rotations and GRFs in ACL-deficient subjects. Additionally, ACL-deficient legs exhibited similar levels of reliability and repeatability compared to contralateral legs.

Characteristics of Eight Irish Dance LandingsConsiderations for Training and Overuse Injury Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Sarah Klopp Christensen ◽  
Aaron Wayne Johnson ◽  
Natalie Van Wagoner ◽  
Taryn E. Corey ◽  
Matthew S. McClung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Reaction Forces

Irish dance has evolved in aesthetics that lead to greater physical demands on dancers' bodies. Irish dancers must land from difficult moves without letting their knees bend or heels touch the ground, causing large forces to be absorbed by the body. The majority of injuries incurred by Irish dancers are due to overuse (79.6%). The purpose of this study was to determine loads on the body of female Irish dancers, including peak force, rise rate of force, and impulse, in eight common Irish hard shoe and soft shoe dance movements. It was hypothesized that these movements would produce different ground reac- tion force (GRF) characteristics. Sixteen female Irish dancers were recruited from the three highest competitive levels. Each performed a warm-up, reviewed the eight movements, and then performed each movement three times on a force plate, four in soft shoes and four in hard shoes. Ground reaction forces were measured using a three-dimensional force plate recording at 1,000 Hz. Peak force, rise rate, and vertical impulse were calculated. Peak forces normalized by each dancer's body weight for each of these variables were significantly different between move- ments and shoe types [F(15, 15)= 65.4, p < 0.01; F(15, 15) = 65.0, p < 0.01; and F(15, 15) = 67.4, p < 0.01, respectively]. The variable years of experience was not correlated with peak force, rise rate, or impulse (p > 0.40). It is concluded that there was a large range in GRF characteristics among the eight movements studied. Understanding the force of each dance step will allow instructors to develop training routines that help dancers adapt gradually to the high forces experienced in Irish dance training and competitions, thereby limiting the potential for overuse injuries.

Modification of the contact area of a standard force platform and runway for small breed dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. W. Kim ◽  
T. C. Garcia-Nolan ◽  
S. Y. Kim ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
P. L. Hitchens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Propulsion Force ◽  
In Series ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Clinically Significant

SummaryObjectives: To develop a platform that used standard size force plates for large breed dogs to capture ground reaction force data from any size dog.Methods: A walkway platform was constructed to accommodate two force plates (60 cm x 40 cm) positioned in series to a variety of smaller sizes. It was constructed from a custom wood frame with thick aluminium sheet force plate covers that prevented transfer of load to the force plate, except for rectangular windows of three different dimensions. A friction study was performed to ensure plates did not translate relative to one another during gait trials. A prospective, observational, single crossover study design was used to compare the effect of force platform configuration (full plate size [original plate], half plate size [modified plate]) on ground reaction forces using eight adult healthy Labrador Retriever dogs.Results: Slippage of the steel plate on the force plate did not occur. Peak propulsion force was the only kinetic variable statistically different between the full size and half sized platforms. There were no clinically significant differences between the full and half force platforms for the variables and dogs studied.Discussion and conclusion: The modified force platform allows the original 60 x 40 cm force plate to be adjusted effectively to a 30 x 40 cm, 20 x 40 cm and 15 x 40 cm sized plate with no clinically significant change in kinetic variables. This modification that worked for large breed dogs will potentially allow kinetic analysis of a large variety of dogs with different stride lengths.

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