scholarly journals Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology ofOlea europaea(Olive)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Hashmi ◽  
Afsar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Shagufta Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Available Information

Aim of the Review.To grasp the fragmented information available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofOlea europaeato explore its therapeutic potential and future research opportunities.Material and Methods.All the available information onO. europaeawas collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and a library search.Results.Ethnomedical uses ofO. europaeaare recorded throughout the world where it has been used to treat various ailments. Phytochemical research had led to the isolation of flavonoids, secoiridoids, iridoids, flavanones, biophenols, triterpenes, benzoic acid derivatives, isochromans, and other classes of secondary metabolites fromO. europaea. The plant materials and isolated components have shown a wide spectrum ofin vitroandin vivopharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihypertensive, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive, gastroprotective, and wound healing activities.Conclusions. O. europaeaemerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The outcomes of phytochemical and pharmacological studies reported in this review will further expand its existing therapeutic potential and provide a convincing support to its future clinical use in modern medicine.

A Review on the Phytochemistry, Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacology of Borago Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad S. Amiri ◽  
Elaheh Zibaee ◽  
Zahra Boghrati ◽  
Zahra Ayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Borago L., (family Boraginaceae) is a small genus of annual or perennial herbs with branched flowers, which is commonly found in the Mediterranean region. Some species known as Gavzabȃn in Asian and some African countries are traditionally used instead of Borago. Aims of the Review: The purpose of this study was to provide comprehensive scientific information on phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Borago species to provide an insight into further research on the therapeutic potential of these plants. In many studies, it has been shown that different parts of Borago species, including leaves, flowers, seeds, roots and aerial parts possess numerous ethnobotanical values. Materials and Methods: All ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical data were collected from online journals, magazines and books (all of which were published in English, Arabic, and Persian) from 1968 to 2018. Electronic databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Researchgate, and other online collections were used. Results: The phytochemical studies on five species showed a wide range of phytochemicals belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites. From a pharmacological point of view, different extracts and fractions, essential oils, and pure compounds isolated from various Borago species have shown diverse activities in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies confirming various traditional uses of Borago genus. Conclusions: Considering the reported activities of the Borago genus both in traditional and modern medicine, further studies on biological aspects and identification of the mechanism of action for drug discovery are highly required.

scholarly journals Targeting Histone Deacetylases: A Novel Approach in Parkinson’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorabh Sharma ◽  
Rajeev Taliyan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Future Research

The worldwide prevalence of movement disorders is increasing day by day. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. In general, the clinical manifestations of PD result from dysfunction of the basal ganglia. Although the exact underlying mechanisms leading to neural cell death in this disease remains unknown, the genetic causes are often established. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly evident that chromatin acetylation status can be impaired during the neurological disease conditions. The acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins are carried out by opposing actions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. In the recent past, studies with HDAC inhibitors result in beneficial effects in bothin vivoandin vitromodels of PD. Various clinical trials have also been initiated to investigate the possible therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors in patients suffering from PD. The possible mechanisms assigned for these neuroprotective actions of HDAC inhibitors involve transcriptional activation of neuronal survival genes and maintenance of histone acetylation homeostasis, both of which have been shown to be dysregulated in PD. In this review, the authors have discussed the putative role of HDAC inhibitors in PD and associated abnormalities and suggest new directions for future research in PD.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.): AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT IN UNANI MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Anjum Ara ◽  
Shaheen Akhlaq ◽  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Usama Akram ◽  
Bilal Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with common name fenugreek, is a very popular spice as well as an important herb of traditional Unani medicine. It is one of the most promising herbs having nutritional as well as medicinal value, used for the treatment of an extensive range of ailments. Objective: The aim ofthe review isto present the traditional uses, phytochemistry, toxicology in the light of Unani medicine as well as contemporary researchesto comprehend itsimportance. Methods: The literature was collected from classical Unani textssuch as Khazain al-Advia, Makhzan al-Advia, Muhit-i-Azam, Al-Jami li Mufradat al- Advia wa'l Aghziya, Al Qanoon Fit Tib etc., and scientific data from published experimental and clinical studies were searched from search engines like Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Google scholar, Pub Med etc. Results: Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation of different compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin, volatile contents, gum and fibre. Fresh plant ingredients such as seed, leaves etc, crude extracts and isolated constituents of fenugreek showed a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo studies that embrace its hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Conclusion: With its vast mode of action, it influences in multiple ways in treatment of the diseases and the present review revealed its therapeutic potential and status. For future research prospects, the need of further studies involving mechanisms of action on scientific parameters is essential.

A Review of Saurauia roxburghii Wall. (Actinidiacaea) as a Traditional Medicinal Plant, Its Phytochemical Study and Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 2036-2051
Author(s):  
Afsana Nahrin ◽  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Muhammad Shaiful Alam ◽  
S.M. Zahid Hosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Corosolic Acid

Saurauia roxburghii Wall. is an interesting plant, found growing chiefly along the eastern and south-eastern countries of Asia. The various ethnic groups of these regions use the plant as a medication for relieving a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including indigestion, boils, fever, gout, piles, eczema, asthma, ulcers, bronchitis, epilepsy, and hepatitis B. This review aims to appraise the vernacular information, botanical characterization, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii as well as to conduct a critical analysis on the findings. To understand the therapeutic potential and provide an overall idea about the ethnomedicinal practices, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii, relevant information was collected via a library and electronic search of online journals, books, and reputed databases. Phytochemical examination revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, O-glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, steroids, reducing sugars, tannins, phlobatannins, and triterpenoids. The sterols were identified as Stigmasterol and beta-Sitosterol. The triterpenes were found to be Ursolic acid, Corosolic acid, Maslinic acid, 24-Hydroxy corosolic acid, 3b,7b,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, Oleanolic acid, beta-Amyrin, cis-3-O-p-Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, trans-3-O-p- Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, and 7,24-dihydroxyursolic acid. Several in-vivo and in-vitro tests revealed anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral activities of the plant leaves. Detailed analysis of the information collected on S. roxburghii suggested some promising leads for future drug development. However, many scientific gaps were found in the study of this and further extensive investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of the active constituents and exploit its therapeutic promises.

scholarly journals Pharmacology of Xanthium species. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surriya Amin ◽  
◽  
Barkatullah ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The genus Xanthium (Family Asteraceae) is represented by 25 species that are widely distributed in the world. Only a few species such as Xanthium strumarium and Xanthium spinosum, are studied for different pharmacological and phytochemical activities. These species has shown analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis an d antiviral etc. in various established in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. Further studies are required to explore the therapeutic potential of already reported activities in term of clinical utility as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on remaining species in the light of traditional uses.

scholarly journals Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Croton bonplandianum - A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Rachana Lodhi ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steroid Glycosides ◽  
Available Information

Croton bonplandianum L. (Euphorbiaceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments likejaundice, acute constipation, abdominal dropsy, dysentery, external wounds, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and infectious disorders. This aim of the present study is to comprehend the fragmented information available on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of C. bonplandianum to explore its therapeutic potential and futureresearch opportunities. All the available information on C. bonplandianum was collected via electronic search (using Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, and SciFinder) and a library search. Traditional uses of C. bonplandianum are recorded throughout the Asia and South America, where it has been usedfor about various types of disease. The research on bioactive compounds had led to the isolation of diterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroid glycosides, volatile componentsand some other classes of secondary metabolites fromC. bonplandianum. Extracts and bioactive constituents of C. bonplandianum exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activitieslike, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor.C. bonplandianum emerged as a rich source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various disease although variousin vitro and in vivo studies validated its traditional medicinal uses. 

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Nootropic Drug ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Celastrus Paniculatus ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Objectives Celastrus paniculatus Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of C. paniculatus and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities. Methods All available information concerning C. paniculatus has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia. Results C. paniculatus is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties. Conclusions Several in vitro and in vivo trials confirm the conventional use of C. paniculatus in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the C. paniculatus remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of C. paniculatus, which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the β-dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the C. paniculatus and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Genus Sanguisorba: Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jingyan Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traditional Uses

Genus Sanguisorba (family: Rosaceae) comprises nearly 148 species, distributed widely across the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (S. officinalis) has been used as a hemostatic and scald treating medicine in China for a long time. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts or monomers from S. officinalis exhibit several pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The other species of genus Sanguisorba are also being studied by researchers worldwide. Sanguisorba minor Scop. (S. minor), as an edible wild plant, is a common ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, and its young shoots and leaves are often mixed with traditional vegetables and consumed as salad. Reports on genus Sanguisorba available in the current literature were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, and PubMed. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org./tpl1.1/search?q=Sanguisorba), International Plant Name Index (https://www.ipni.org/?q=Sanguisorba) and Kew Botanical Garden (http://powo.science.kew.org/) were used for obtaining the scientific names and information on the subspecies and cultivars. In recent years, several in vivo and in vitro experiments have been conducted to reveal the active components and effective monomers of S. officinalis and S. minor. To date, more than 270 compounds have been isolated and identified so far from the species belonging to genus Sanguisorba. Numerous reports on the chemical constituents, pharmacologic effects, and toxicity of genus Sanguisorba are available in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current traditional applications of plants, which are supported by a large number of scientific experiments. Owing to these promising properties, this species is used in the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus infection, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes and leukopenia caused by bone marrow suppression. Moreover, the rich contents and biological effects of S. officinalis and S. minor facilitate these applications in dietary supplements and cosmetics. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of genus Sanguisorba. The present comprehensive review may provide new insights for the future research on genus Sanguisorba.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides From Butterflies: An Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Ziyue Zhou ◽  
Simin Li ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Xianda Hu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Biophysical Changes

Butterflies represent one of the largest animal groups on Earth, yet antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of this group are less studied in comparison with their moth counterparts. This study employed an integrated bioinformatics approach to survey natural AMPs from publicly available genomic datasets. Numerous AMPs, including cecropins, defensins, and moricins, were identified and subsequently used as templates for the design of a series of synthetic AMPs that mimicked the naturally occurring sequences. Despite differing biological effects among the various sequences, the synthetic AMPs exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo, without inducing hemolysis, which implied their therapeutic potential in infectious diseases. Electron and confocal fluorescence microscopies revealed that the AMPs induced distinct morphological and biophysical changes on microbial cell membranes and nuclei, suggesting that the antimicrobial effects were related to a mechanism of membrane penetration and nucleic acid binding by the peptides. In conclusion, this study not only offers insights into butterfly AMPs but also provides a practical strategy for high-throughput natural AMP discoveries that will have implications for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Metabolic Diversity and Therapeutic Potential of Holarrhena pubescens: An Important Ethnomedicinal Plant

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Kulsoom Zahara ◽  
Sujogya Kumar Panda ◽  
Shasank Sekhar Swain ◽  
Walter Luyten
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Holarrhena pubescens is an important medicinal plant of the Apocynaceae family that is widely distributed over the Indian subcontinent. The plant is extensively used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicinal systems without obvious adverse effects. Beside notable progress in the biological and phytochemical evaluation of this plant over the past few years, comprehensive reviews of H. pubescens are limited in scope. It has economic importance due to the extensive use of seeds as an antidiabetic. Furthermore, the plant is extensively reported in traditional uses among the natives of Asia and Africa, while scientifical validation for various ailments has not been studied either in vitro or in vivo. This review aims to summarize information on the pharmacology, traditional uses, active constituents, safety and toxicity of H. pubescens. Chemical analysis of H. pubescens extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, such as conessine, isoconnessine, conessimine, conimine, conessidine, conkurchicine, holarrhimine, conarrhimine, mokluangin A-D and antidysentericine. Overall, this review covers the ethnopharmacology, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological potential of H. pubescens, with a critical discussion of its toxicity, biological activities (in vitro and in vivo), the mechanism of action, as well as suggestions for further basic and clinical research.

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