scholarly journals Saw Palmetto Extract Inhibits Metastasis and Antiangiogenesis through STAT3 Signal Pathway in Glioma Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ding ◽  
Jinglian Shen ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yuqin Che
Keyword(s):  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Glioma ◽  
Saw Palmetto ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
Apoptosis Related Protein ◽  
The Impact

Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the proliferation and angiogenesis in human glioma. Previous research indicated that saw palmetto extract markedly inhibited the proliferation of human glioma cells through STAT3 signal pathway. But its effect on tumor metastasis and antiangiogenesis is not clear. This study is to further clear the impact of saw palmetto extract on glioma cell metastasis, antiangiogenesis, and its mechanism. TUNEL assay indicated that the apoptotic cells in the saw palmetto treated group are higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The apoptosis related protein is detected and the results revealed that saw palmetto extract inhibits the proliferation of human glioma. Meanwhile pSTAT3 is lower in the experimental group and CD34 is also inhibited in the saw palmetto treated group. This means that saw palmetto extract could inhibit the angiogenesis in glioma. We found that saw palmetto extract was an important phytotherapeutic drug against the human glioma through STAT3 signal pathway. Saw palmetto extract may be useful as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for treatment of individuals with glioma and other types of cancer in which STAT3 signaling is activated.

scholarly journals When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Layla Parast ◽  
Priscillia Hunt ◽  
Beth Ann Griffin ◽  
David Powell
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.

scholarly journals Shengu'an exerts anti-osteoporotic effect in rats via TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signal pathway, and enhancement of bone and cartilage metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Peng ◽  
Yulun Wu ◽  
Jintao Hu ◽  
Peilun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cartilage Metabolism ◽  
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Tgf Β1

Purpose: To study the anti-osteoporotic effect of Shengu'an in rats, and elucidate the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Forty healthy female SPF mice were randomly divided into control group, saline-treated group, TGFβRⅡ receptor inhibitor group, and shengu'an group. The expressions of type Ⅱ collagen (Co1-II) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion factor (CD-31) were determined. The expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), p-smad2/3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and osteoblast specific transcription factor (osterix) were assayed by western blotting.Results: The expression of Co1-II in the vertebral body was significantly lower in model mice than in control mice, but was significantly higher in shengu'an mice when compared with model mice (p < 0.05). In shengu'an mice, CoI-I was markedly upregulated, relative to model mice, and the expressions of CD31 in TGFβRⅡreceptor inhibitor group and shengu'an group were lower than in model group (p < 0.05). There were significantly lower expressions of TGF-β1 and p-smad2/3 in the vertebral body of shengu'an group than in model mice, but osterix was upregulated relative to model mice (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Shengu'an exerts anti-osteoporotic effect by downregulating TGFβ/smad signal pathway. There is thus a potential for its clinical application in the management of osteoporosis. Keywords: Shengu'an, TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signal, Bone cartilage metabolism, Osteoporosis

scholarly journals 2350

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Dimitri Koutzoumis ◽  
Jose Antonio Pino ◽  
Sharonda S. Harris ◽  
Marisol Quiroz ◽  
Mansour Mohamadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Several clinical studies have established a correlation between changes in relative bacterial populations in the gut and Parkinson disease. However, few published experiments have been able to parse out whether these associations are causative or correlative. Our aim is to determine how bacteria in the gut may impact the health and resilience of dopaminergic signaling. Our experiment is designed to serve as a proof-of-principle that controlled alterations to the gut microbiome alters mechanisms in dopamine homeostasis in the midbrain. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Bacterial inoculation 8–10-week-old germ-free male mice (C57BL/6) were exclusively used in this experiment. Mice were orally gavaged every 3 days (D0, 3, 6, and 9) with 100 µL novel bacterial suspension (~108 CFU resuspended in PBS with 1.5% NaHCO3) or vehicle and were sacrificed on D11. Tissue preparation—brains were quickly extracted and the striatum was isolated and homogenized in either RIPA buffer with protease inhibitors (for Western blot analysis) or in 0.1 N HClO4 (for HPLC processing). The homogenates were processed through fractional centrifugation to remove cellular debris. Lysate samples were frozen at −80°C until ready for analysis. Protein expression quantification—expression of proteins were measured using intensity of bands from Western blots. Lysates were denatured prior to loading with LB with 10% β-mercaptoethanol and 30-minute incubation at 37°C. All immunoblots were normalized to immunoreactivity to α-tubulin. Immunoblot intensity was determined using the ImageJ software. Dopamine/dopamine metabolite quantification HPLC analysis was used to determine dopamine and dopamine metabolite concentration. Aliquots of the lysate were injected onto a C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM H2NaO4P·H2O, 0.72 mM sodium octyl sulfate, 75 µM Na2 EDTA, and 10% acetonitrile (pH 3.0). The mobile phase was pumped through the system at 0.3 mL/minute. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Measured total dopamine concentration through HPLC analysis in the striatum showed no significant differences in the bacteria-treated group relative to the control group. The metabolites DOPAC and HVA had an elevated measured concentration in the bacteria-treated group relative to the control group. Western blot analysis showed decreased immunoreactivity for DAT and TH in the bacteria-treated group compared with the control group. There was no significance difference in the immunoreactivity for VMAT2. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study demonstrates that dopamine signaling dynamics in the midbrain can be altered by changes in the gut flora in mice. These results further substantiate the impact of the gut-brain axis and may even point to a potential avenue of bolstering the resilience of dopaminergic neurons in preventing the onset of PD. Further experiments must be performed to understand the mechanism of the observed changes and to determine if these changes have any salutary effect.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Gut Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Infants Exposed to Antibiotics at Birth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhong Li ◽  
Terhi Tapiainen ◽  
Lauren Brinkac ◽  
Hernan A Lorenzi ◽  
Kelvin Moncera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Vertical transmission of maternal microbes is a major route for establishing the gut microbiome in newborns. The impact of perinatal antibiotics on vertical transmission of microbes and antimicrobial resistance is not well understood. Using a metagenomic approach, we analyzed the fecal samples from mothers and vaginally delivered infants from a control group (10 pairs) and a treatment group (10 pairs) receiving perinatal antibiotics. Antibiotic-usage had a significant impact on the main source of inoculum in the gut microbiome of newborns. The control group had significantly more species transmitted from mothers to infants (P = .03) than the antibiotic-treated group. Approximately 72% of the gut microbial population of infants at 3–7 days after birth in the control group was transmitted from their mothers, versus only 25% in the antibiotic-treated group. In conclusion, perinatal antibiotics markedly disturbed vertical transmission and changed the source of gut colonization towards horizontal transfer from the environment to the infants.

Cryptotanshinone inhibits human glioma cell proliferation by suppressing STAT3 signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 381 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Lu ◽  
Cuixian Li ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Chun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Human Glioma ◽  
Human Glioma Cell ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Glioma Cell Proliferation

scholarly journals The Impact of China’s Zero Markup Drug Policy on Hospitalization Expenses for Inpatients in Tertiary Public Hospitals: Evidence Based on Quantile Difference-in-Difference Models

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Ziling Ni ◽  
Jie Jia ◽  
Lu Cui ◽  
Siyu Zhou ◽  
Xiaohe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Lower Drug ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the Zero Markup drug (ZMD) policy on hospitalization expenses for inpatients in tertiary Chinese hospitals. Methods: Using the administrative data from hospital electronic health records (EHRs) between 2015 and 2017, we implemented the quantile difference-in-differences (QDID) estimators to evaluate the impact of the ZMD policy on hospitalization expenses while controlling for patient-level and hospital-level characteristics. Results: According to the QDID models, the introduction of ZMD policy significantly induced lower drug costs for all inpatients especially at the 50th (-USD 507.84 (SE = USD 90.91), 75th (-USD 844.77 (SE = USD 149.70), and 90th (-USD 1400.00 (SE = USD 209.97)) percentiles of the overall distributions. However, the total hospitalization, diagnostic, treatment, material and services expenses for inpatients were significantly higher for the treated group than the control group. This tendency was more pronounced for inpatients in tertiary hospitals with lower expenses (in the 10th, 25th and 50th percentiles). Conclusion: The implementation of ZMD policy alone may not be enough to change the medical service providers’ profit-driven behavior. The targeted supervision of hospital costs by the Chinese health administration department should be strengthened to avoid unreasonable hospital charges.

Piperine as a new natural supplement with beneficial effects on the life-span and defence system of honeybees

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
M. Schulz ◽  
A. Łoś ◽  
M. Grzybek ◽  
R. Ścibior ◽  
A. Strachecka
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany factors, including pathogens, environmental change and breeding techniques, affect honeybee immunity/resistance, so substances and natural supplements that enhance it are desired. To eliminate the impact of unknown external factors, in 2016 a cage experiment was conducted under constant laboratory conditions (35 °C, 65% relative humidity). Bees in the control group were fed with sugar dissolved in water at ratio 1:1 ad libitum with no additives, while the other group was fed with sugar syrup (1:1) supplemented with piperine (3 µg/ml) ad libitum. The piperine-treated workers lived 9 days longer compared to the control group. In the piperine-consuming group, protein concentration and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were higher than in the control group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also higher in the piperine-treated group. Neutral and acidic proteases inhibitors, as well as neutral protease activities, were higher in the haemolymph of the piperine-treated workers than in untreated bees. Acidic protease activities in the haemolymph were higher in untreated workers only on days 18 and 32. Alkaline protease activities in the control bees were higher from day 10. From 10 days old, the total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in the haemolymph of piperine-treated workers. Piperine decreased DNA methylation levels significantly in the older bees. The compound could have the potential to be a natural diet supplement increasing apian resistance to stress factors.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of a One-Time Alcohol Abuse Preventive Education Assembly

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall G. Cuenot
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Parental Drinking ◽  
Design Students ◽  
The Impact

The effectiveness of most preventive education measures for alcohol abuse is not evaluated. This study assessed the impact of such an approach on personal, peer, and parental behavior as viewed by seventh grade students ( N = 332) in a posttest-only, control-group experimental design. Students who were exposed to the educational presentation ( n = 179) were compared to those who were not ( n = 153). The treated group immediately after a 50-min. session more readily identified the existence of peers' and parental drinking behavior; however, they did not communicate any differences regarding personal drinking behavior and values. These students did not perceive their parents as approachable for discussions of alcohol-related concerns.

scholarly journals Influence of selective treatment on Haematobia irritans infestation of untreated cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Miraballes ◽  
Henrik Stryhn ◽  
Antonio Thadeu M. Barros ◽  
Martin Lucas ◽  
Luísa Nogueira Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo reduce the use of insecticide treatments against Haematobia irritans we evaluated the impact of treating 15% of the bovines, with the greatest number of flies including bulls, with 40% diazinon ear tags, on the infestation of untreated cows. Horn fly susceptibility to diazinon was measured before and after treatment, and peaks of infestation were recorded. Three groups of Bradford bovines were evaluated: Group 1 (control untreated), Group 2 (15% treated) and Group 3 (control 100% treated). Weekly counts of horn flies were performed on the same animals for 78 days. Two peaks of infestation were recorded, and a higher number of horn flies occurred in the untreated control group than in the untreated cows of the selectively treated group throughout the entire period of the study, except for a single week. The horn fly field population was significantly more susceptible to diazinon than the reference susceptible strain both before and after insecticide treatment. In conclusion, treatment of 15% of the most infested animals from a herd, with 40% diazinon ear tags, quickly reduced horn fly infestations of the entire herd and may be a practical approach for horn fly control, reducing costs and chemical use.

scholarly journals Protective Effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeon Multiple Organs of Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Ling ◽  
Zhang Xiping ◽  
Qiu Fengmei ◽  
Yan Ping ◽  
Cheng Qihui
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhizae ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. we aim to explore the protective effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeinjection on multiple organs of obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats through observing the impact of this injection on the pathological alterations in these organs and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood.Methods. A total of 90 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model-control group, andSalvia miltiorrhizae-treated group (n=30). According to the duration of postoperative administration, each group was further divided into two subgroups, namely, 21 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 21 d,n=15) and 28 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 28 d,n=15). After administration, the pathological alterations in multiple organs were observed and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood were determined.Results. Compared to model control group, the number of dead rats in treated group decreased though there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The pathological alterations in the liver, kidney, and spleen in treated group showed varying degrees of mitigation. At all time points, the contents of plasma endotoxin declined significantly. On day 28, plasmaPLA2content in treated group was significantly lower than that in model-control group.Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaeinjection is able to obviously reduce the contents of inflammatory mediators in the blood of OJ rats and exert some protective effects on multiple organs of these rats.

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