scholarly journals Targeting Feeding and Eating Behaviors: Development of the Feeding Dynamic Intervention for Caregivers of 2- to 5-Year-Old Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihuoma U. Eneli ◽  
Tracy L. Tylka ◽  
Rosanna P. Watowicz ◽  
Jessica Hummel ◽  
Jan Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Phase Development

Targeting feeding dynamics, a concept centered on the roles and interaction of the caregiver and child in a feeding relationship, may have significant potential for obesity intervention. The aim of this paper is to describe the 3-phase development of the Feeding Dynamics Intervention (FDI), an acceptability and feasibility study on implementing the feeding dynamic roles (Study 1), development of the FDI content (Study 2), and a pilot study on use of the 6-lesson FDI to promote behaviors consistent with a feeding dynamic approach (Study 3). Sample population was mothers with young children, 2–5 years old. An effect size (Hedges’g) greater than 0.20 was seen in more than half (57%) of maternal feeding behaviors, with the largest effect sizes (Hedges’g≥0.8) occurring with behaviors that represent the mother adopting her roles of determining what food is served, not using food as a reward, and not controlling her child’s intake. There was a significant decline in Pressure to Eat behaviors (2.9 versus 2.2,p<0.01) and Monitoring (4.1 versus 3.5,p<0.001). The FDI emerged as an acceptable and implementable intervention. Future studies need to investigate effects of the FDI on the child’s eating behaviors, self-regulation of energy intake, and anthropometrics.

Experimental Design as a Retrieval Method for Assessing the Phenomenological Characteristics of Episodic Memories, Episodic Future Thoughts, and Episodic Counterfactual Thoughts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Branch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Demand Effects ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Studies assessing the phenomenological characteristics of episodic memories, episodic future thoughts, and episodic counterfactual thoughts normally utilize a within-subjects design. As such, there are concerns that the observed similarities in phenomenological characteristics are the result of demand effects or other related matters, rather than theoretical considerations. In this study, a within-subjects experimental design was directly compared with a between-subjects experimental design. In both conditions, participants responded to existing questionnaires used to assess phenomenological characteristics of episodic memories, episodic future thoughts, and episodic counterfactual thoughts. The within-subjects design resulted more often in significant findings and larger effect sizes compared to the between-subjects design. The implications for experimental design in future studies is discussed.

scholarly journals Orientation and self-regulation of the activity of a group subject in stressful conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. Сарычев ◽  
С.В. Хусаинова ◽  
П.В. Лебедчук
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Relationship Of

Актуальность статьи обусловлена проблемой изучения феномена саморегуляции совместной деятельности группового субъекта на основе эмпирически выявленной взаимосвязи ориентировки и саморегуляции деятельности группового субъекта, предпринята попытка соотнести способность группового субъекта к саморегуляции с социально-психологической зрелостью группы, в частности с таким ее свойством, как организованность. В качестве методологической основы исследования ориентировочной части совместной деятельности группы как социально-психологической основы ее саморегуляции рассматривается субъектный подход, дополненный динамическим подходом, который открывает возможности получения достоверных данных о саморегуляции различных сторон жизнедеятельности группы в различных социальных условиях. Авторами проводится анализ результатов исследования того, как высокоорганизованная группа вырабатывает план совместной деятельности при выполнении задания на приборе «Арка». В результате проведенного исследования выявлено, что на этапе ориентировки группа применительно к условиям изменения производит новое планирование о совместной деятельности или лидер вносит коррективы в созданный ранее план, где учитываются изменения согласно новым условиям. В процессе сборки группа с высоким ориентировочным результатом действует согласно созданному плану. Они тщательнее планируют. Уделяют время на мелочи. Это подтверждает связь с работой контура саморегуляции произвольной деятельности, то есть у участников не только идет планирование, но и закладывается программа исполнительских действий. Выявлено, что дополнение субъектного подхода предложенным нами динамическим подходом открывает возможности получения достоверных данных о саморегуляции различных сторон жизнедеятельности группы в различных социальных условиях. Статья предназначена для руководителей образовательных организаций, работников научных организаций, исследователей, аспирантов и педагогов-психологов. The relevance of the article is due to the problem of studying the phenomenon of self-regulation of joint activity of a group subject, on the basis of the empirically revealed relationship of orientation and self-regulation of the activity of a group subject, an attempt is made to correlate the ability of a group subject to self-regulation with the socio-psychological maturity of a group, in particular, with such its property as organization. As a methodological basis for the study of the tentative part of the group's joint activity as a socio-psychological basis for its self-regulation, the subject approach is considered, supplemented by a dynamic approach, which opens up the possibility of obtaining reliable data on the self-regulation of various aspects of the group's life in various social conditions. The authors analyze the results of a study of how a highly organized group develops a plan for joint activities when performing a task on the "Arka" device. As a result of the study, it was revealed that at the orientation stage, the group, in relation to the change conditions, makes a new planning on joint activities or the leader makes adjustments to the previously created plan, changes are taken into account according to the new conditions. During the assembly process, the group with a high estimated result acts according to the created plan. They plan more carefully. Make time for the little things. This confirms the connection with the work of the self-regulation circuit of voluntary activity, that is, private traders not only have planning, but also a program of performing actions is laid. It was revealed that the addition of the subjective approach with the proposed by us dynamic approach opens up the possibility of obtaining reliable data on the self-regulation of various aspects of the group's life in various social conditions. The article is intended for heads of educational organizations, employees of scientific organizations, researchers, graduate students and educational psychologists.

Brand community motives and their impact on brand community engagement: variations between diverse audiences

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Haverila ◽  
Caitlin McLaughlin ◽  
Kai Christian Haverila ◽  
Julio Viskovics
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
North American ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to compare two different sample populations (student and general) to determine the impact of brand community motives on brand community engagement.Design/methodology/approachTwo samples were drawn for the purpose of the current research. The first sample was drawn among the members of various brand communities from a general North American population sample (N = 503). The second sample was drawn purely from students, belonging to a variety of brand communities, from a middle-sized Canadian university (N = 195). Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the strength, significance and effect sizes of the relationships between brand community motive and engagement constructs.FindingsThe findings indicate that the impact of brand community motives varied by sample population. The information and entertainment motives were significantly related to brand community engagement in both sample populations with roughly equal effect sizes. The social integration motive was again significantly related to the brand community engagement construct in the student sample population – but not for the general North American general population sample. Further, the self-discovery motive and status enhancement motives were significantly related to brand community engagement in the North American sample, but not for the student sample. This indicates significant differences between the two sample populations.Originality/valueThe results of the current research demonstrate that student populations are significantly different from the general population regarding their motives towards brand communities. This indicates that brand community managers need to be aware of the motives of different brand community members and also that they need to exercise caution about utilizing purely student data to make decisions about brand community management.

scholarly journals The Effects of Foods Embedded in Entertainment Media on Children’s Food Choices and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Villegas-Navas ◽  
Maria-Jose Montero-Simo ◽  
Rafael A. Araque-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Meta Analyses

While watching or playing with media, children are often confronted with food appearances. These food portrayals might be a potential factor that affects a child’s dietary behaviors. We aimed to comprehensively expound the effects of these types of food appearances on dietary outcomes of children. Our objectives were to synthetize the evidence of the experiments that study the effects of foods embedded in children’s entertainment media throughout a systematic review, to conduct two meta-analyses (food choice and intake) in order to quantify the effects, and to examine to what extent the effects of foods embedded in entertainment media varies across different moderating variables. We conducted a systematic search of five databases for studies published up to July 2018 regarding terms related to children and foods embedded in entertainment media. We identified 26 eligible articles, of which 13 (20 effect sizes) and 7 (13 effect sizes) were considered for a meta-analysis on food choice and intake, respectively. Most of the studies were assessed as having a middle risk of bias. Overall, food being embedded in entertainment media is a strategy that affects the eating behaviors of children. As most of the embedded foods in the included studies had low nutritional values, urgent measures are needed to address the problem of childhood obesity.

scholarly journals The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum in the pregnancy eating attributes study (PEAS) cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonja R. Nansel ◽  
Leah M. Lipsky ◽  
Myles Faith ◽  
Aiyi Liu ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Home Food Environment ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Home Food

Abstract Background Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality. Methods Participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study observational cohort were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through one-year postpartum. Pregnancy and postpartum Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-total), and adequacy and moderation scores, respectively, were calculated by pooling 24-h diet recalls administered each trimester and during 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Participants completed four measures of reward-related eating – Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), Power of Food Scale (PFS), Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and Reinforcing Value of Food Questionnaire (RVFQ); two measures of self-regulation – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Delay of Gratification Inventory (DGI); and a Home Food Inventory (HFI), yielding obesogenic (OBES) and fruit/vegetables (FV) scores. Linear regression analyses estimated associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Pregnancy HEI-total was inversely associated with PFS (β = − 0.14 ± 0.05, p = 0.009), mYFAS(β = − 0.14 ± 0.06, p = 0.02), 2 of the 5 RVFQ indices, MCP (β = − 0.14 ± 0.05, p = 0.01), and DGI food subscale (β = 0.23 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), but associations of postpartum HEI-total with reward-related eating measures and self-regulation were small and not statistically significant. Pregnancy and postpartum HEI-total were associated inversely with HFI-OBES (β = − 0.17 ± 0.06, p = 0.004 and β = − 0.19 ± 0.07, p = 0.006, respectively), and positively with HFI-FV (β = 0.21 ± 0.05, p < 0.001 and β = 0.17 ± 0.06, p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions Associations of poorer diet quality with greater reward-related eating during pregnancy but not postpartum suggests the need to better understand differences in the determinants of eating behaviors and approaches to circumvent or moderate reward-related eating to facilitate more optimal diet quality across this critical period. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov. URL – Registration ID – NCT02217462. Date of registration – August 13, 2014.

Cover-Copy-Compare for Multiplication With Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Brief Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Schrauben ◽  
Andrew J. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cover Copy Compare ◽  
Fact Fluency ◽  
Students With Ebd

A multiple-baseline across participants design was used to investigate the effect of the Cover-Copy-Compare (CCC) intervention on multiplication-fact fluency for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Although CCC is a well-researched intervention for mathematics, limited research has been conducted with students with EBD even though these students often struggle academically. Results indicate that a functional relation was established between CCC and an improved number of digits correct per minute for multiplication problems for only one of three elementary-age boys with EBD. Tau-U effect sizes ranged from no effect for one participant to a large effect for another participant. The length of the intervention and the initial level of a student’s skills may be related to the effectiveness of CCC for students with EBD and should be explored in future studies.

scholarly journals Using factor analysis to validate a questionnaire to explore self-regulation in learner-generated digital media (LGDM) assignments in science education

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Reyna ◽  
Jose Hanham ◽  
Panos Vlachopoulos ◽  
Peter Meier
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

This research is a validation study of a survey instrument to assess student self-regulation which aims to fill a methodological gap by capturing self-regulation processes while completing learner-generated digital media (LGDM) assignments. For this purpose, the study developed and validated a self-regulation learning questionnaire. Data were gathered from seven science subjects (Years 1 to 3, n = 341) which used LGDM assignments during Semester 1, 2017. Students were asked to complete a 40-item online questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered at three times during the semester (Weeks 2, 6, and 10). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factor structures, followed by confirmatory factor analysis to test the validity of the constructs defined by exploratory factor analysis. Analysis of the data revealed a ten-factor structure – six concerning self-regulation, two concerning student attitudes towards LGDM assignments, one concerning assignment ownership, and one concerning assignment motivation. The variables empirically verified in this study have important practical implications, as they could provide educators with the direction in which to target interventions to improve learners’ experiences with LDGM. The study findings also contribute to the field by providing scholars with a validated research instrument that can be used in future studies.

scholarly journals A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Keller ◽  
Samantha M. R. Kling ◽  
Bari Fuchs ◽  
Alaina L. Pearce ◽  
Nicole A. Reigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Taste Response ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity and eating disorders varies by sex, but the extent to which sex influences eating behaviors, especially in childhood, has received less attention. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on sex differences in eating behavior in children and present new findings supporting the role of sex in child appetitive traits and neural responses to food cues. In children, the literature shows sex differences in basic taste response, food acceptance, eating self-regulation, and appetitive traits. New analyses demonstrate that sex interacts with child weight status to differentially influence appetitive traits and neural responses to food cues. Further, neuroimaging results suggest that obesity in female children is positively related to brain reactivity to higher-energy-dense food cues in regions involved with learning, memory, and object recognition, while the opposite was found in males. In addition to differences in how the brain processes information about food, other factors that may contribute to sex differences include parental feeding practices, societal emphasis on dieting, and peer influences. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings, as they may have implications for the development of effective intervention programs to improve dietary behaviors and prevent obesity.

Insights from Data with R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen L. Petchey ◽  
Andrew P. Beckerman ◽  
Natalie Cooper ◽  
Dylan Z. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
P Values ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Data Summaries

Knowledge of how to get useful information from data is essential in the life and environmental sciences. This book provides learners with knowledge, experience, and confidence about how to efficiently and reliably discover useful information from data. The content is developed from first- and second-year undergraduate-level courses taught by the authors. It charts the journey from question, to raw data, to clean and tidy data, to visualizations that provide insights. This journey is presented as a repeatable workflow fit for use with many types of question, study, and data. Readers discover how to use R and RStudio, and learn key concepts for drawing appropriate conclusions from patterns in data. The book focuses on providing learners with a solid foundation of skills for working with data, and for getting useful information from data summaries and visualizations. It focuses on the strength of patterns (i.e. effect sizes) and their meaning (e.g. correlation or causation). It purposefully stays away from statistical tests and p-values. Concepts covered include distribution, sample, population, mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, correlation, interactions, and non-independence. The journey from data to insight is illustrated by one workflow demonstration in the book, and three online. Each involves data collected in a real study. Readers can follow along by downloading the data, and learning from the descriptions of each step in the journey from the raw data to visualizations that show the answers to the questions posed in the original studies.

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