scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Screening for Bladder Disease in Africa: Training Rural Clinic Staff to Collect Data of Diagnostic Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Stothers ◽  
Andrew Macnab ◽  
Sharif Mutabazi ◽  
Ronald Mukisa ◽  
Behnam Molavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Clinic Staff ◽  
Bladder Disease ◽  
Patient Screening ◽  
Interactive Training ◽  
Workshop Training ◽  
Nirs Data ◽  
The Cost

Background. While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recognized relevance for developing countries, biomedical applications are rare. This reflects the cost and complexity of NIRS and the convention of comprehensive training for accurate data collection. In an international initiative using transcutaneous NIRS to screen for bladder disease in Africa, we evaluated if interactive training enabled clinic staff to collect data accurately.Methods. Workshop training in a Ugandan medical clinic on NIRS monitoring theory; bladder physiology and chromophore changes occurring with disease; device orientation; device positioning over the bladder, monitoring subjects during voiding; and saving/uploading data. Participation in patient screening followed with observation, assistance, and then data collection. Evaluation comprised conduct of serial independent screenings with analysis if saved files were of diagnostic quality.Results. 10 individuals attended 1-hour workshops and then 0.5–3.0 hours of screening. Five then felt able to conduct screening independently and all collected data were of diagnostic quality (>5 consecutive patients); all had participated in screening for >1.5 hours (6+ subjects); less participation allowed competent assistance but not consistent adherence to the monitoring protocol.Conclusion. A simplified NIRS system, small-group theory/orientation workshops, and >I.5 hours of 1 : 1 training during screening enabled clinic staff in Africa to collect accurate NIRS data.

scholarly journals Clinical NIRS of the urinary bladder – A demonstration case report

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Macnab ◽  
R. E. Gagnon ◽  
L. Stothers
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Bladder Filling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urodynamic Assessment ◽  
Nirs Data

Urinary incontinence is a common affliction among people of all ages throughout the world. There are many causes of incontinence, treatment options are determined by the cause, and current diagnostic methods require urodynamic assessment, which involves urethral and rectal catheterization, which are uncomfortable and distasteful for patients. Since clinical near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) is a non-invasive, rapid means of measuring tissue oxygenation status at the bedside, we examined whether NIRS could be useful as a diagnostic tool for bladder dysfunction. An adult patient attending an incontinence clinic for routine urodynamic testing also had NIRS data collection during the standard bladder filling regimen. NIRS optodes were placed on the skin of the intact abdomen over the supra pubic region. Changes in oxy and de-oxy hemoglobin concentration and changes in cytochrome c oxidase net redox status via NIRS were collected at 6 Hz. The magnitudes of change that occurred during NIRS data collection are on the order of 0.5 µmol/l and the moments of change correspond to the subject's reported sensations of bladder filling and emptying, and with conventional urodynamics. These observations suggest that NIRS may be a disruptive technology with a role to play in non-invasive evaluation of bladder dysfunction in humans.

An Experimental Test of the Effects of a Monetary Incentive on Cooperation Rates and Data Collection Costs in Central-Location Interviewing

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Wiseman ◽  
Marianne Schafer ◽  
Richard Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Central Location ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collection Costs

The authors describe an experimental study designed to determine the effects of a monetary incentive on (1) a potential respondent's decision to participate in a central-location interview, (2) that person's expressed willingness to participate in a future survey, and (3) the cost of data collection.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITASPELAYANANPUBLIK DIKECAMATAN SAMARINDA KOTA DI SAMARINDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of KK, KTP, and AK services in Samarinda Kota sub district and its factors influencing the effectiveness of KK, KTP, AKservices.The research used field research method which gives an overview on the effectiveness of KK, KTP, and AK services in Samarinda Kota sub district. Data collection techniques use observation techniques, interviews, and media questionnaires by selecting informants who play a role and are involved technically and functionally in service delivery to the community. The data obtained are then analyzed qualitatively and supported by quantitative data.The results showed that service implementation in Samarinda Kota sub-district, especially in the field of population administration and civil registration is done in accordance with existing mechanism and regulation which have been determined by seeing some service indicator such as simplicity is in very safe category with 6.67% and certainty of service procedure and tariff cost are in accordance with the value of 88.33% and 70% respectively, the security and convenience of facilities and infrastructure are in safe and comfortable category with 65% and 73.33% respectively, openness about the ease of obtaining information and provisions services in the categories easy and explained if requested with the value of 71.67% and 63.33% respectively, economical about the cost of KK rates, ID cards, AK category Rp 10,000 - Rp 15,000, equitable fairness with a value of 60%, the timeliness is in category 1 - 2 days, and the efficiency is an exact category with a value of 80%.  And the factors that affect the service is the resources apparatus, facilities and infrastructure, and public awareness. Keywords: Effectiveness, Public Service

scholarly journals Simulation application of three-dimensional GIS based on full-scenario intelligence in power grid company transmission line planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (3) ◽  
pp. 032023
Author(s):  
Le Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Line Planning ◽  
Mobile Gis ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Power Grid Planning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grid Planning

Abstract Traditional data collection and review methods in power grid planning have always had the problems of time-consuming, poor real-time performance, and cumbersome processes. The application of mobile GIS solves the problems of data collection and review methods and makes more efficient use of mobile GIS terminal collection. The data of the mobile GIS solve the urgent problems that need to be solved since the popularization and application of mobile GIS. This system implements functions such as storage, transmission, and review based on mobile GIS data, which will greatly improve the efficiency of data collection by mobile terminals and reduce the cost of data collection. Realize the planning simulation of the power grid under the intelligent cycle of the whole scene.

scholarly journals The embeddedness of digital infrastructures for data collection by the Courts of Accounts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino ◽  
André Feliciano Lino ◽  
Ricardo Rocha de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Government Auditing

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the trajectories for data collection automation in various Courts of Accounts (Tribunais de Contas), the standard features of the systems that have emerged, and the impacts on fiscal and accounting oversight in Brazil. Data collection automation is part of the digital transformation in the field of auditing; however, the literature on public sector auditing in Brazil, on digital transformation, or digital infrastructure, does not analyze how this transformation occurs and how the infrastructures are stabilized and shape the field of auditing. Data collection automation has unexpected implications for the content of public sector audits and the financial management of the public sector auditees. Identifying the trajectories for digital tools of data collection automation enables a discussion on whether currently adopted solutions vary and the effects on the standardization of government audits. The automation of data collection by the Court of Accounts, particularly its scope and frequency, affects how the audited public organizations prioritize the adoption and maintenance of accounting, budgeting, and financial planning policies and processes. The digital infrastructures that emerge from these digital tools shape the entire field of auditing, they become embedded, and they increase the cost of future changes, perpetuating the heterogeneity in the auditing and financial management of governments in the Brazilian federation. The article presents a longitudinal case study (1994 to 2020), with narratives built based on questionnaires and interviews with auditors from 26 Courts of Accounts. The automation of budgetary and accounting data collection by Courts of Accounts has changed the logic of the field of government auditing in Brazil. The digital infrastructures that emerge by connecting Courts and the audited public organizations under their jurisdictions have embedded concepts, definitions, and implicit expectations in a remote auditing logic.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Incremental Costs of Implementing a New Vaccine in the Expanded Program of Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 238146831989454
Author(s):  
Joe Brew ◽  
Christophe Sauboin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Background. The World Health Organization is planning a pilot introduction of a new malaria vaccine in three sub-Saharan African countries. To inform considerations about including a new vaccine in the vaccination program of those and other countries, estimates from the scientific literature of the incremental costs of doing so are important. Methods. A systematic review of scientific studies reporting the costs of recent vaccine programs in sub-Saharan countries was performed. The focus was to obtain from each study an estimate of the cost per dose of vaccine administered excluding the acquisition cost of the vaccine and wastage. Studies published between 2000 and 2018 and indexed on PubMed could be included and results were standardized to 2015 US dollars (US$). Results. After successive screening of 2119 titles, and 941 abstracts, 58 studies with 80 data points (combinations of country, vaccine type, and vaccination approach–routine v. campaign) were retained. Most studies used the so-called ingredients approach as costing method combining field data collection with documented unit prices per cost item. The categorization of cost items and the extent of detailed reporting varied widely. Across the studies, the mean and median cost per dose administered was US$1.68 and US$0.88 with an interquartile range of US$0.54 to US$2.31. Routine vaccination was more costly than campaigns, with mean cost per dose of US$1.99 and US$0.88, respectively. Conclusion. Across the studies, there was huge variation in the cost per dose delivered, between and within countries, even in studies using consistent data collection tools and analysis methods, and including many health facilities. For planning purposes, the interquartile range of US$0.54 to US$2.31 may be a sufficiently precise estimate.

An evaluation of patient perceptions to the value of the gait laboratory as part of the rehabilitation of primary lower limb amputees

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Cole ◽  
Sally Durham ◽  
David Ewins
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Junior Staff ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees ◽  
Time Issue

The value of gait analysis for research and product development/evaluation in prosthetics is well understood. However, in the rehabilitation of amputees, the application of gait analysis beyond observation in the clinical setting is not routinely practiced, largely due to the cost and time taken to complete a fully instrumented data collection and analysis. To address the time issue, a weekly clinical gait service for primary amputees, based around a reduced data set from video and video vector technology, has been developed. In this clinic primary amputees are seen twice in the Gait Laboratory during their rehabilitation period, with the clinic time for each patient being no more than 15 minutes, which covers both data collection and review. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the patients' perceptions of the clinic. The questionnaire was completed anonymously by 48 primary amputees over a 6-month period. The results from the questionnaire demonstrate that the clinic was perceived positively by the patients, and suggested areas of future development, e.g. the education of junior staff, and the need to include the patient's physiotherapist in the data collection and review process.

scholarly journals Spectral calibration for deriving surface mineralogy of Asteroid (25143) Itokawa from Hayabusa Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) data

Icarus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Bhatt ◽  
Vishnu Reddy ◽  
Lucille Le Corre ◽  
Juan A. Sanchez ◽  
Tasha Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Calibration ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Nirs Data ◽  
Surface Mineralogy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer

Two-Level Data Collection for an Energy-Efficient Solution in Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Benaziz ◽  
Okba Kazar ◽  
Laid Kahloul ◽  
Ilham Kitouni ◽  
Samir Bourekkache
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Timed Automata ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Collection Strategy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The Cost

Density in sensor networks often causes data redundancy, which is often the origin of high energy consumption. Data collection techniques are proposed to avoid retransmission of the same data by several sensors. In this paper, the authors propose a new data collection strategy based on static agents and clustering nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) for an efficient energy consumption called: Two-Level Data Collection Strategy (TLDC). It consists in two-level hierarchy of nodes grouping. The technique is based on an experience building to perform a reorganization of the groups. Cooperation between agents can be used to reduce the communication cost significantly, by managing the data collection smartly. In order to validate the proposed scheme, the authors use the timed automata (TA) model and UPPAAL engine to validate the proposed strategy; the results after and before reorganization are compared. They establish that the proposed approach reduces the cost of communication in the group and thus minimizes the consumed energy.

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