scholarly journals Ultrastructural Changes and Death ofLeishmania infantumPromastigotes Induced byMorinda citrifoliaLinn. Fruit (Noni) Juice Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida-Souza ◽  
Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki ◽  
Ana Cláudia Fernandes Amaral ◽  
Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza ◽  
Kátia da Silva Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Treatments

The search for new treatments against leishmaniasis has increased due to high frequency of drug resistance registered in endemics areas, side effects, and complications caused by coinfection with HIV.Morinda citrifoliaLinn., commonly known as Noni, has a rich chemical composition and various therapeutic effects have been described in the literature. Studies have shown the leishmanicidal activity ofM. citrifolia; however, its action on the parasite has not yet been elucidated. In this work, we analyzed leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural changes inLeishmania infantumpromastigotes caused byM. citrifoliafruit juice treatment.M. citrifoliafruit extract showed a yield of 6.31% and high performance liquid chromatography identified phenolic and aromatic compounds as the major constituents. IC50values were 260.5 µg/mL for promastigotes and 201.3 µg/mL for intracellular amastigotes ofL. infantumtreated withM. citrifolia. Cytotoxicity assay with J774.G8 macrophages showed thatM. citrifoliafruit juice was not toxic up to 2 mg/mL. Transmission electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipid inclusion, increased exocytosis activity, and autophagosome-like vesicles inL. infantumpromastigotes treated withM. citrifoliafruit juice.M. citrifoliafruit juice was active againstL. infantumin thein vitromodel used here causing ultrastructural changes and has a future potential for treatment against leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial Activity of Flavones-Rich Fraction From Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Victor Silva-Silva ◽  
Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis ◽  
Maria do Socorro dos Santos Chagas ◽  
Paulo Victor Ramos de Souza ◽  
Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Arrabidaea Chica ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Acknowledging the need of identifying new compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis, this study aimed to evaluate, from in vitro trials, the activity of flavones from Arrabidaea chica against L. amazonensis. The chromatographic profiles of the hydroethanolic extract and a flavone-rich fraction (ACFF) from A. chica were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS). The flavones luteolin (1) and apigenin (2), isolated from chromatographic techniques and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H and 13C, were also quantified in ACFF, showing 190.7 mg/g and apigenin 12.4 mg/g, respectively. The other flavones were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those of the literature. The in vitro activity was assayed against promastigotes and intramacrophagic amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Cytotoxicity tests were performed with peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Nitrite quantification was performed with Griess reagent. Ultrastructural investigations were obtained by transmission electron microscopy. Anti-Leishmania assays indicated that the IC50 values for ACFF, apigenin, and luteolin were obtained at 40.42 ± 0.10 and 31.51 ± 1.13 μg/mL against promastigotes, respectively. ACFF and luteolin have concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. ACFF and luteolin also inhibited the intra-macrophagic parasite (IC50 3.575 ± 1.13 and 11.78 ± 1.24 μg/mL, respectively), with a selectivity index of 11.44 for ACFF. Promastigotes exposed to ACFF and luteolin exhibited ultrastructural changes, such as intense cytoplasm vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling. These findings data evidence the antileishmanial action of flavone-rich fractions of A. chica against L. amazonensis, encouraging further studies.

scholarly journals In vitrotreatment ofBesnoitia besnoitiwith the naphto-quinone buparvaquone results in marked inhibition of tachyzoite proliferation, mitochondrial alterations and rapid adaptation of tachyzoites to increased drug concentrations

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Müller ◽  
Vera Manser ◽  
Andrew Hemphill
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Unknown Composition ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWe here assessed thein vitroefficacy of the naptho-quinone buparvaquone (BPQ) againstBesnoitia besnoititachyzoitesin vitro. BPQ is currently licensed for the treatment of theileriosis in cattle in many countries, but not in the EU. In 4-day treatment assays, BPQ massively impaired tachyzoite proliferation with an IC50of 10 ± 3 nm, and virtually complete inhibition was obtained in the presence of nmBPQ. Exposure to 1µmBPQ leads to ultrastructural changes affecting initially the mitochondrial matrix and the cristae. After 96 h, most parasites were largely distorted, filled with cytoplasmic amylopectin granules and vacuoles containing components of unknown composition. Host cell mitochondria did not appear to be notably affected by the drug. However, upon prolonged exposure (14–16 days) to increased BPQ concentrations,B. besnoititachyzoites exhibited the capacity to adapt, and they resumed proliferation at dosages of up to 10µmBPQ, albeit at a lower rate. These BPQ-adapted parasites maintained this lower susceptibility to BPQ treatment after freeze–thawing, and inspection by the transmission electron microscopy revealed that they underwent proliferation in the absence of structurally intact mitochondria.

scholarly journals Phytochemical composition and in vitro biological activities of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Gado Dramane ◽  
Philippe Tchekounou ◽  
Mahoudo Fidèle Assogba ◽  
Kamirou Chabi-Sika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

scholarly journals TrkB-Targeted Therapy for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Vivian P. Wagner ◽  
Manoela D. Martins ◽  
Esra Amoura ◽  
Virgilio G. Zanella ◽  
Rafael Roesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Transmission Electron

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway was previously associated with key oncogenic outcomes in a number of adenocarcinomas. The aim of our study was to determine the role of this pathway in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Three MEC cell lines (UM-HMC-2, H253 and H292) were exposed to Cisplatin, the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12 and a combination of these drugs. Ultrastructural changes were assessed through transmission electron microscopy; scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion; and a clonogenic assay and spheroid-forming assay allowed assessment of survival and percentage of cancer stem cells (CSC). Changes in cell ultrastructure demonstrated Cisplatin cytotoxicity, while the effects of ANA-12 were less pronounced. Both drugs, used individually and in combination, delayed MEC cell migration, invasion and survival. ANA-12 significantly reduced the number of CSC, but the Cisplatin effect was greater, almost eliminating this cell population in all MEC cell lines. Interestingly, the spheroid forming capacity recovered, following the combination therapy, as compared to Cisplatin alone. Our studies allowed us to conclude that the TrkB inhibition, efficiently impaired MEC cell migration, invasion and survival in vitro, however, the decrease in CSC number, following the combined treatment of ANA-12 and Cisplatin, was less than that seen with Cisplatin alone; this represents a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of in vitro oocyte maturation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Zygote ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gianella Mondadori ◽  
Tiago Rollemberg Santin ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Khesller Patrícia Olázia Name ◽  
Juliana Souza da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
First Polar Body

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to describe ultrastructural changes in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles during in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). The structures were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU). Some COCs, removed from maturation medium at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h, were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The average number of COCs collected by OPU/animal/session was 6.4, and 44% of them were viable. Immature oocytes had a peripherally located nucleus, Golgi complex and mitochondrial clusters, as well as a large number of coalescent lipid vacuoles. After 6 h of IVM, the oocyte nucleus morphology changed from round to a flatter shape, and the granulosa cells (GC) lost most of their contact with zona pellucida (ZP). At 12 h the first polar body was extruded and the aspect of lipid droplet changed to dark, probably denoting lipid oxidation. Cortical granules were clearly visible at 18 h of maturation, always located along the oocyte periphery. At 24 h of IVM the number of cortical granules increased. Ultrastructure studies revealed that: (1) immature oocytes have a high lipid content; (2) the perivitelline space (PS) increases during IVM; (3) Golgi complexes and mitochondrial clusters migrate to oocyte periphery during IVM; (4) 6 h of IVM are enough to lose contact between GC and ZP; (5) the oocyte lipid droplets’ appearance changes between 6 and 12 h of IVM.

scholarly journals Morphologic Damage of Rat Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells Induced by Bile Acids Could Be Ameliorated by Farnesoid X Receptor Inhibitor Z-Guggulsterone In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieqin Wang ◽  
Yaowei Huang ◽  
Xusheng Hou ◽  
Wenyu Wu ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Level

Objective. To determine whether bile acids (BAs) affect respiratory functions through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expressed in the lungs and to explore the possible mechanisms of BAs-induced respiratory disorder.Methods. Primary cultured alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) of rat were treated with different concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in the presence or absence of FXR inhibitor Z-guggulsterone (GS). Then, expression of FXR in nuclei of AECIIs was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. And ultrastructural changes of the cells were observed under transmission electron microscope and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software.Results. Morphologic damage of AECIIs was exhibited in high BAs group in vitro, with high-level expression of FXR, while FXR inhibitor GS could attenuate the cytotoxicity of BAs to AECIIs.Conclusions. FXR expression was related to the morphologic damage of AECIIs induced by BAs, thus influencing respiratory functions.

scholarly journals The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Purwo Widiarso ◽  
WISNU NURCAHYO ◽  
KURNIASIH KURNIASIH ◽  
JOKO PRASTOWO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
External Part

Abstract. Widiarso, Nurcahyo W, Kurniasih, Prastowo J. 2021. The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition. Biodiversitas 22: 1-5. The ultrastructural changes induced in adult Haemonchus contortus in vitro using the aqueous extract of bamboo leaves were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The H. contortus adult females were obtained from three groups and treatment was repeated thrice. The first group (T0) was not treated with bamboo leaves; 100% of the worms lived. The second group (T1), treated with 0.1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 50% mortality 4 h after examination. The third group (T2), treated with 1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 100% mortality 4 h after examination. Five worms used per treatment were submerged in ethanol and incubated for 24 hours. The ultrastructural changes observed by SEM revealed structural alteration of the worm surface after in vitro contact with the bamboo leaf aqueous extract and compared to the control worms. The main changes concerned the anterior end or cephalic region, cuticle surface, and vulva flap area. The structural modification of the external part of the female reproductive system was found only in vitro. The structural changes found in the worms exposed to the bamboo leaves might affect their motility and nutrition with possible consequences on their reproduction. Transmission electron microscopy may help to understand the external changes observed in H. contortus.

scholarly journals Prostacyclin production in vitro by rabbit aortic endothelium: correction for unstirred diffusional layers

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Grabowski ◽  
GJ Naus ◽  
BB Weksler
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Fluid Layers ◽  
Major Variable ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxant

Abstract The degree of mixing in fluid layers immediately adjacent to the endothelial surface is a major variable in assessment of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured endothelial cells or intact vessel endothelium in vitro. Lack of adequate mixing should lead to underestimation of true production because PGI2 immediately adjacent to endothelium would be only poorly sampled upon buffer collection. Thoracic aortas from 38 New Zealand white rabbits were therefore excised, opened longitudinally, and mounted endothelial side uppermost in a buffer-filled chamber which excluded cut tissue edges from study. Production of PGI2 under unstirred and magnetically stirred conditions was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. For animals pretreated with the combination of papaverine and heparin (see below), unstimulated and arachidonate-stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased with stirring rate toward limits of 2.9 and 28.5 ng/cm2/min, respectively. Unstimulated and stimulated 6-keto PGF1 alpha measured at 650 rpm, for example, were greater than their values at 0 rpm by factors of 3.5 (2P less than .01) and 3.7 (2P less than .001), respectively. The process of vessel excision, however, produces another variable: degree of injury to endothelium caused by such factors as secondary vessel contraction and thrombin generation. Vessel contraction and thrombin generation can be minimized, respectively, by the use of a smooth muscle relaxant and heparin administered prior to killing of the animals. The rabbits were, therefore, grouped according to intravenous (IV) treatment, prior to killing, with saline, papaverine (4 mg/kg), heparin (200 U/kg) or the combination of papaverine and heparin (same doses). As compared with pretreatment with saline, papaverine alone, or heparin alone, pretreatment with the combination of papaverine and saline led to increases in stimulated 6- keto-PGF1 alpha of 1.6- to 2.8-fold. By transmission electron microscopy, endothelium from animals pretreated with saline showed ultrastructural changes, including disruption of cytoplasm, separation without detachment of most endothelial cells from subendothelium, and focal areas of denudation. In contrast, ultrastructural integrity of endothelium was preserved in aortas of animals pretreated with combined papaverine and heparin. These results support the hypothesis that unstirred diffusional layers lead, in vitro, to underestimation of PGI2 production, especially when vessels are protected from excisional injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity by Ni Nanoparticles with Verbascoside

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Chen ◽  
Yaqin Zhang ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Xueming Yang ◽  
Yunong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron

Verbascoside (VB) has attracted a great deal of attention due to ITS pharmacological properties. In our study, we synthesized a multifunctional verbascoside coated Ni nanoparticles (VB-Ni). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) display the characteristics of VB-Ni nanoparticles. Compared with VB, VB-Ni has been proven to induce apoptosis and resist the growth of doxorubicin-resistant K562 cellsin vitroandin vivo. Thus, VB-Ni nanoparticles can be thought of as an ideal mode of cancer treatment.

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