scholarly journals Antileishmanial Activity of Flavones-Rich Fraction From Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Victor Silva-Silva ◽  
Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis ◽  
Maria do Socorro dos Santos Chagas ◽  
Paulo Victor Ramos de Souza ◽  
Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Arrabidaea Chica ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Acknowledging the need of identifying new compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis, this study aimed to evaluate, from in vitro trials, the activity of flavones from Arrabidaea chica against L. amazonensis. The chromatographic profiles of the hydroethanolic extract and a flavone-rich fraction (ACFF) from A. chica were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS). The flavones luteolin (1) and apigenin (2), isolated from chromatographic techniques and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H and 13C, were also quantified in ACFF, showing 190.7 mg/g and apigenin 12.4 mg/g, respectively. The other flavones were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those of the literature. The in vitro activity was assayed against promastigotes and intramacrophagic amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Cytotoxicity tests were performed with peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Nitrite quantification was performed with Griess reagent. Ultrastructural investigations were obtained by transmission electron microscopy. Anti-Leishmania assays indicated that the IC50 values for ACFF, apigenin, and luteolin were obtained at 40.42 ± 0.10 and 31.51 ± 1.13 μg/mL against promastigotes, respectively. ACFF and luteolin have concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. ACFF and luteolin also inhibited the intra-macrophagic parasite (IC50 3.575 ± 1.13 and 11.78 ± 1.24 μg/mL, respectively), with a selectivity index of 11.44 for ACFF. Promastigotes exposed to ACFF and luteolin exhibited ultrastructural changes, such as intense cytoplasm vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling. These findings data evidence the antileishmanial action of flavone-rich fractions of A. chica against L. amazonensis, encouraging further studies.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Changes and Death ofLeishmania infantumPromastigotes Induced byMorinda citrifoliaLinn. Fruit (Noni) Juice Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida-Souza ◽  
Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki ◽  
Ana Cláudia Fernandes Amaral ◽  
Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza ◽  
Kátia da Silva Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Treatments

The search for new treatments against leishmaniasis has increased due to high frequency of drug resistance registered in endemics areas, side effects, and complications caused by coinfection with HIV.Morinda citrifoliaLinn., commonly known as Noni, has a rich chemical composition and various therapeutic effects have been described in the literature. Studies have shown the leishmanicidal activity ofM. citrifolia; however, its action on the parasite has not yet been elucidated. In this work, we analyzed leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural changes inLeishmania infantumpromastigotes caused byM. citrifoliafruit juice treatment.M. citrifoliafruit extract showed a yield of 6.31% and high performance liquid chromatography identified phenolic and aromatic compounds as the major constituents. IC50values were 260.5 µg/mL for promastigotes and 201.3 µg/mL for intracellular amastigotes ofL. infantumtreated withM. citrifolia. Cytotoxicity assay with J774.G8 macrophages showed thatM. citrifoliafruit juice was not toxic up to 2 mg/mL. Transmission electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipid inclusion, increased exocytosis activity, and autophagosome-like vesicles inL. infantumpromastigotes treated withM. citrifoliafruit juice.M. citrifoliafruit juice was active againstL. infantumin thein vitromodel used here causing ultrastructural changes and has a future potential for treatment against leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Antiangiogenic and Antioxidant In Vitro Properties of Hydroethanolic Extract from açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Dietary Powder Supplement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Raquel Costa ◽  
Daniela Azevedo ◽  
Pedro Barata ◽  
Raquel Soares ◽  
Luís F. Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Vessel Growth ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

The Euterpe oleracea fruit (açaí) is a promising source of polyphenols with health-promoting properties. To our knowledge, few studies have focused on the influence of açaí phytochemicals on angiogenesis, with a significant impact on cancer. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile of a purple açaí hydroethanolic extract (AHE) obtained from a commercial dietary powder supplement by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and evaluate its in vitro effects on distinct angiogenic steps during vessel growth and on oxidative markers in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). The phenolic profile of AHE revealed the presence of significant levels of anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and other flavonoids with promising health effects. The in vitro studies demonstrated that AHE exerts antiangiogenic activity with no cytotoxic effect. The AHE was able to decrease HMEC-1 migration and invasion potential, as well as to inhibit the formation of capillary-like structures. Additionally, AHE increased antioxidant defenses by upregulating superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities, accompanied by a reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species. These data bring new insights into the potential application of angiogenic inhibitors present in AHE on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for angiogenesis-dependent diseases.

Dipetalonema viteae: ultrastructural study on the in vitro interaction between rat macrophages and microfilariae in the presence of IgE antibody

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ouaissi ◽  
A. Haque ◽  
A. Capron
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dipetalonema Viteae ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

SUMMARYThe in vitro interaction between rat peritoneal macrophages and Dipetalonema viteae microfilariae in the presence of amicrofilaraemic rat immune serum was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The probable sequence of events leading to the killing of D. viteae microfilaria by macrophages is as follows. (a) Rat peritoneal macrophages in the presence of amicrofilaraemic rat immune serum adhere to the parasite surface, (b) the macrophages extend their pseudopodia around the parasite, (c) the ‘lysosome-like’ granules discharge their contents on to the parasite surface, (d) the lytic activity of these products begins at the parasite surface and (e) subsequent breaking of the microfilarial cuticle occurs, exposing the parasite intracellular material.

scholarly journals In vitrotreatment ofBesnoitia besnoitiwith the naphto-quinone buparvaquone results in marked inhibition of tachyzoite proliferation, mitochondrial alterations and rapid adaptation of tachyzoites to increased drug concentrations

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Müller ◽  
Vera Manser ◽  
Andrew Hemphill
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Unknown Composition ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWe here assessed thein vitroefficacy of the naptho-quinone buparvaquone (BPQ) againstBesnoitia besnoititachyzoitesin vitro. BPQ is currently licensed for the treatment of theileriosis in cattle in many countries, but not in the EU. In 4-day treatment assays, BPQ massively impaired tachyzoite proliferation with an IC50of 10 ± 3 nm, and virtually complete inhibition was obtained in the presence of nmBPQ. Exposure to 1µmBPQ leads to ultrastructural changes affecting initially the mitochondrial matrix and the cristae. After 96 h, most parasites were largely distorted, filled with cytoplasmic amylopectin granules and vacuoles containing components of unknown composition. Host cell mitochondria did not appear to be notably affected by the drug. However, upon prolonged exposure (14–16 days) to increased BPQ concentrations,B. besnoititachyzoites exhibited the capacity to adapt, and they resumed proliferation at dosages of up to 10µmBPQ, albeit at a lower rate. These BPQ-adapted parasites maintained this lower susceptibility to BPQ treatment after freeze–thawing, and inspection by the transmission electron microscopy revealed that they underwent proliferation in the absence of structurally intact mitochondria.

scholarly journals Momilactones A, B, and Tricin in Rice Grain and By-Products are Potential Skin Aging Inhibitors

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Quan ◽  
Dam Duy Thien ◽  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Ic50 Values

We previously reported the inhibitory potentials of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities of MA and MB were investigated and compared with tricin, a well-known antioxidant and antiaging flavonoid in rice. MA, MB, and tricin were purified from rice husk by column chromatography and their biological activities were subsequently assayed by in vitro trials. The contents of MA, MB, and tricin of different commercial rice cultivars in Japan were quantified and confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The antioxidant assays revealed a synergistic activity of the mixture MA and MB (MAB, 1:1, v/v). In addition, in 2,2’-azino-bis (ABTS) assay, IC50 values of MAB (0.3 mg/mL) and tricin (0.3 mg/mL) was 4-fold and 9-fold greater than that of individual MB (1.3 mg/mL) or MA (2.8 mg/mL), respectively. The in vitro enzymatic assays on pancreatic elastase and tyrosinase indicated that MA and MB were potential to relief skin wrinkles and freckles. In detail, MA exerted higher inhibition on both enzymatic activities (30.9 and 37.6% for elastase and tyrosinase inhibition, respectively) than MB (18.5 and 12.6%) and MAB (32.0 and 19.7%) at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Notably, MA and the mixture MAB exhibited stronger inhibitions on elastase and tyrosinase in comparison with tricin and vanillin. MA, MB, and tricin in rice are potential to develop cosmetics as well as supplements for skin aging treatments.

scholarly journals TrkB-Targeted Therapy for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Vivian P. Wagner ◽  
Manoela D. Martins ◽  
Esra Amoura ◽  
Virgilio G. Zanella ◽  
Rafael Roesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Transmission Electron

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway was previously associated with key oncogenic outcomes in a number of adenocarcinomas. The aim of our study was to determine the role of this pathway in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Three MEC cell lines (UM-HMC-2, H253 and H292) were exposed to Cisplatin, the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12 and a combination of these drugs. Ultrastructural changes were assessed through transmission electron microscopy; scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion; and a clonogenic assay and spheroid-forming assay allowed assessment of survival and percentage of cancer stem cells (CSC). Changes in cell ultrastructure demonstrated Cisplatin cytotoxicity, while the effects of ANA-12 were less pronounced. Both drugs, used individually and in combination, delayed MEC cell migration, invasion and survival. ANA-12 significantly reduced the number of CSC, but the Cisplatin effect was greater, almost eliminating this cell population in all MEC cell lines. Interestingly, the spheroid forming capacity recovered, following the combination therapy, as compared to Cisplatin alone. Our studies allowed us to conclude that the TrkB inhibition, efficiently impaired MEC cell migration, invasion and survival in vitro, however, the decrease in CSC number, following the combined treatment of ANA-12 and Cisplatin, was less than that seen with Cisplatin alone; this represents a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Acantholippia salsoloides: Phytochemical Composition and Biological Potential of a Thujonic Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985854
Author(s):  
Liliana Celaya ◽  
Carmen Viturro ◽  
Luís R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Acantholippia salsoloides (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic plant widespread in the Andean region. The infusion (leaves and flowers) is widely used as a digestive stimulant as well as for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine. A. salsoloides attributes its common name “rica-rica” to the fresh and sweet fragrance of the plant. In this work, 2 different polar extracts and the essential oil of a selected rica-rica population were studied. The phenolic composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector; the essential oil profile was determined by gas-chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection. For all extracts, the antibacterial potential was performed by in vitro assays; the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition were determined in decoction and hydroethanolic extracts. The volatile profile allowed the identification of 26 volatile compounds, β-thujone (84%) being the major one in this rica-rica population. Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified; isoferulic acid (16%-18%) and cynaroside (45%-47%) were the larger ones. In a general way, the hydroethanolic extract was more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus (minimum inhibitory concentrations= 0.3- 1.3 mg/mL). Both polar extracts have strong antiradical activities although decoction extract proved to be more active against DPPH· (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] =36 µg/mL) and O2•− (IC50 =28 µg/mL) while hydroethanolic extract shows higher action over α-glucosidase (IC50 =217 µg/mL). The results suggest that A. salsoloides leaves and flowers may be an interesting source of natural antioxidants, antidiabetics, or antimicrobials, and could be used in dietary supplements, medicinal products and pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with the ultra high performance liquid chromatography in the analysis of in vitro formation of chlorophyll complexes with copper and zinc

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Zvezdanovic ◽  
Sanja Petrovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Tatjana Andjelkovic ◽  
Darko Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Central Type

The aim of this work was to give more accurate insight in the interaction of major photosynthesis pigment, chlorophyll (Chl), with copper (II) and zinc (II) in solution by flow injection analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-MS) method, as well as combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detection (UHPLC-DAD). These interactions may potentially, but not necessarily lead to formation of Cu-Chl and Zn-Chl complexes of two different types, which has a lot of - at least - disfunctional implications in plant world. The results based on analysis of full-scan and MS/MS spectra - with or without the UHPLC chromatograms - confirm formation of ?central type? Cu-Chl complex, and ?central type? Zn-Chl complex as well, along with a proof for formation of ?peripheral? Zn-Chl complex, the latter one originating from a very week coordinative interaction at the edge of Chl structure. The used techniques appeared to be an efficient and reliable tool for studying formation and stability of heavy metals complexes with chlorophyll, at least in vitro, with a considerable possibility for assessment of real bio-environmental behavior.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of in vitro oocyte maturation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Zygote ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gianella Mondadori ◽  
Tiago Rollemberg Santin ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Khesller Patrícia Olázia Name ◽  
Juliana Souza da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
First Polar Body

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to describe ultrastructural changes in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles during in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). The structures were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU). Some COCs, removed from maturation medium at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h, were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The average number of COCs collected by OPU/animal/session was 6.4, and 44% of them were viable. Immature oocytes had a peripherally located nucleus, Golgi complex and mitochondrial clusters, as well as a large number of coalescent lipid vacuoles. After 6 h of IVM, the oocyte nucleus morphology changed from round to a flatter shape, and the granulosa cells (GC) lost most of their contact with zona pellucida (ZP). At 12 h the first polar body was extruded and the aspect of lipid droplet changed to dark, probably denoting lipid oxidation. Cortical granules were clearly visible at 18 h of maturation, always located along the oocyte periphery. At 24 h of IVM the number of cortical granules increased. Ultrastructure studies revealed that: (1) immature oocytes have a high lipid content; (2) the perivitelline space (PS) increases during IVM; (3) Golgi complexes and mitochondrial clusters migrate to oocyte periphery during IVM; (4) 6 h of IVM are enough to lose contact between GC and ZP; (5) the oocyte lipid droplets’ appearance changes between 6 and 12 h of IVM.

scholarly journals Morphologic Damage of Rat Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells Induced by Bile Acids Could Be Ameliorated by Farnesoid X Receptor Inhibitor Z-Guggulsterone In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieqin Wang ◽  
Yaowei Huang ◽  
Xusheng Hou ◽  
Wenyu Wu ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Level

Objective. To determine whether bile acids (BAs) affect respiratory functions through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expressed in the lungs and to explore the possible mechanisms of BAs-induced respiratory disorder.Methods. Primary cultured alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) of rat were treated with different concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in the presence or absence of FXR inhibitor Z-guggulsterone (GS). Then, expression of FXR in nuclei of AECIIs was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. And ultrastructural changes of the cells were observed under transmission electron microscope and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software.Results. Morphologic damage of AECIIs was exhibited in high BAs group in vitro, with high-level expression of FXR, while FXR inhibitor GS could attenuate the cytotoxicity of BAs to AECIIs.Conclusions. FXR expression was related to the morphologic damage of AECIIs induced by BAs, thus influencing respiratory functions.

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