scholarly journals Anatomical Study of the Clavicles in a Chinese Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-sheng Qiu ◽  
Xiao-bo Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yan-Cheng Zhu ◽  
Xia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Intramedullary Canal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Development ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Sides

Background. A reemergence of interest in clavicle anatomy was prompted because of the advocacy for operative treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. Several anatomical studies of the clavicle have been performed in western population. However, there was no anatomical study of clavicle in Chinese population.Patients and Methods. 52 patients were included in the present study. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the clavicles were generated. The length of the clavicle, the widths and thicknesses of the clavicle, curvatures of the clavicle, the areas of the intramedullary canal, and sectional areas of the clavicle were measured. All the measurements were compared between genders and two sides.Results. The mean length of the clavicles was144.2±12.0 mm. Clavicles in males were longer, wider, and thicker than in females; also males have different curvatures in both planes compared with females. The men’s intramedullary canals and sectional areas of the clavicle were larger than those of women. No significant difference between the sides was found for all the measurements.Conclusion. This study provided an anatomical data of the clavicle in a Chinese population. These clavicle dimensions can be applied to the modifications of the contemporary clavicle plate or a new development for the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Characteristics of the Femoral Canal Isthmus: An Anatomical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-yun Su ◽  
Jing-xin Zhao ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Li-cheng Zhang ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Femoral Canal ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Intramedullary Canal ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To establish a new approach for measuring and locating the femoral intramedullary canal isthmus in 3-dimensional (3D) space.Methods. Based on the computed tomography data from 204 Chinese patients, 3D models of the whole femur and the corresponding femoral isthmus tube were reconstructed using Mimics software (Materialise, Haasrode, Belgium). The anatomical parameters of the femur and the isthmus, including the femur length and radius, and the isthmus diameter and height, were measured accordingly.Results. The mean ratio of the isthmus height versus the femoral height was 55 ± 4.8%. The mean diameter of the isthmus was 10.49 ± 1.52 mm. The femoral length, the isthmus diameter, and the isthmus tube length were significantly larger in the male group. Significant correlations were observed between the femoral length and the isthmus diameter (r=0.24,p<0.01) and between the femoral length and the isthmus height (r=0.6,p<0.01). Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that the femoral length and radius were the most important factors influencing the location and dimension of the femoral canal isthmus.Conclusion. The current study developed a new approach for measuring the femoral canal and for optimization of customer-specific femoral implants.

Evaluating the Effect of Three-Dimensional Visualization on Force Application and Performance Time during Robotics-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Currie ◽  
Ana Luisa Trejos ◽  
Reiza Rayman ◽  
Michael W.A. Chu ◽  
Rajni Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three-dimensional (3D) binocular, stereoscopic, and two-dimensional (2D) monocular visualization on robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty versus conventional techniques in an ex vivo animal model. In addition, we sought to determine whether these effects were consistent between novices and experts in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery. Methods A cardiac surgery test-bed was constructed to measure forces applied during mitral valve annuloplasty. Sutures were passed through the porcine mitral valve annulus by the participants with different levels of experience in robotics-assisted surgery and tied in place using both robotics-assisted and conventional surgery techniques. Results The mean time for both the experts and the novices using 3D visualization was significantly less than that required using 2D vision (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the maximum force applied by the novices to the mitral valve during suturing (P = 0.7) and suture tying (P = 0.6) using either 2D or 3D visualization. The mean time required and forces applied by both the experts and the novices were significantly less using the conventional surgical technique than when using the robotic system with either 2D or 3D vision (P < 0.001). Conclusions Despite high-quality binocular images, both the experts and the novices applied significantly more force to the cardiac tissue during 3D robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty than during conventional open mitral valve annuloplasty. This finding suggests that 3D visualization does not fully compensate for the absence of haptic feedback in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery.

The crystal and molecular structure of thioformaldehyde trimer

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Fleming ◽  
H. Lynton
Keyword(s):  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature Factors ◽  
No Absorption ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Atomic Parameters

Crystals of thioformaldehyde trimer, (CH2S)3 are orthorhombic, space group Pmn21 with a = 7.697 Å [Formula: see text], b = 7.067 Å [Formula: see text], c = 5.323 Å [Formula: see text]. There are two molecules in the unit cell with sulfur and carbon atoms in positions (4b) and (2a). The atomic parameters for sulfur and carbon have been determined from a three-dimensional analysis using observed and calculated differential syntheses with isotropic temperature factors. No absorption corrections were applied to the intensity data and no attempt has been made to establish the hydrogen positions. The final discrepancy index is R = 0.093. The molecule has the chair configuration and shows no significant difference between the lengths of any S—C bonds. The mean S—C bond distance is 1.818 Å and the standard deviation of the mean is 0.003 Å. This value is in good agreement with the commonly accepted value of 1.817 ± 0.005 Å for the S—C paraffinic bond.

Relocation of Papillary Muscles for Ischemic Mitral Valve Regurgitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Fattouch ◽  
Sebastiano Castrovinci ◽  
Giacomo Murana ◽  
Pietro Dioguardi ◽  
Francesco Guccione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Repair ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Truncated Cone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective The assessment of the mitral valve apparatus (MVA) and its modifications during ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is better performed by three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The aim of our study was to carry out nonrestrictive mitral annuloplasty in addition to relocation of papillary muscles (PPMs) oriented by preoperative real-time 3D TEE through the mitral valve quantification dedicated software. Methods Since January 2008, a total of 70 patients with severe IMR were examined both before and after mitral valve repair. The mean (SD) coaptation depth and the mean (SD) tenting area were 1.4 (0.4) cm and 3.2 (0.5) cm2, respectively. Intraoperative 3D TEE was performed, followed by a 3D offline reconstruction of the MVA. A schematic MVA model was obtained, and a geometric model as a “truncated cone” was traced according to preoperative data. The expected truncated cone after annuloplasty was retraced. A conventional normal coaptation depth of approximately 6 mm was used to detect the new position of the PPMs tips. Results Perioperative offline reconstruction of the MVA and the respective truncated cone was feasible in all patients. The expected position of the PPMs tips, desirable to reach a normal tenting area with a coaptation depth of 6 mm or more, was obtained in all patients. After surgery, all parameters were calculated, and no statistically significant difference was found compared with the expected data. Conclusions Relocation of PPMs plus ring annuloplasty reduce mitral valve tenting and may improve mitral valve repair results in patients with severe IMR. This technique may be easily and precisely guided by preoperative offline 3D echocardiographic mitral valve reconstruction.

scholarly journals Digital anatomical study of screw placement for quadrilateral plate through the middle window of ilioinguinal approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhao ◽  
Weidong Mu
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
Ilioinguinal Approach ◽  
Quadrilateral Plate ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Screw placement directly for quadrilateral plate fractures of the acetabulum is very difficult. This study was performed to simulate the surgical procedure and try to obtain effective and safe screw angles through the middle window of ilioinguinal approach in Chinese patients. Methods We randomly collected the pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans of 50 adults. DICOM-formatted CT-scan images were imported into Mimics software. The three-dimensional reconstruction (3D) digital model of the semi-pelvic was established. In the coronal and sagittal planes, a 3.5 mm cylinder was used to simulate the pathway of the screw from the designated insertion point. The angles of insertion and intersex differences were explored by statistical analyses. Results The screws could be inserted via four angles: medial inclination, lateral inclination, anterior inclination and posterior inclination. The mean minimum medial inclination angle (MIMIA) of insertion point A was 4.96°±1.11° in males and 8.66°±3.40° in females, and the intersex difference was significant. The mean minimum medial inclination angle (MIMIA) of insertion point C was -5.31°±3.69° in males and 1.75°±8.95° in females, and the intersex difference was significant. There were no differences in all the angles between males and females in insertion point B. Conclusions Preoperative measurement and calculation by digital tools before the screw placement for quadrilateral plate fractures of the acetabulum are feasible. Double cortical screws could be placed safely through the middle window of ilioinguinal approach to increase the stability of acetabulum.

scholarly journals Wits Appraisal of a Qatari Male Population: A Comparative Study. Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Hashim ◽  
Najat Al-Sayed ◽  
Ayah AL-Qaisi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gender Specific

Introduction: Cephalometric analysis aims to determine skeletal and dental relationships. The ANB angle, initially suggested by Rediel and applied by Steiner. is the most used angle in establishing the anteroposterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla. However, limitations to the accuracy of the ANB angle for this purpose have been reported. To avoid these potential sources of inaccuracy a diagnostic tool was introduced by Jenkins and later modified by Jacobson and became known as the “Wits appraisal”. Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the Wits appraisal value in a sample of Qatari males, a group which had not previously been studied in this context, and to compare the findings with those from racially and ethnically differing groups as reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 28 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Qatari males with an age range of 15 to 32 years, presenting with a well-balanced facial appearance and an acceptable profile. Results: The mean value of the Wits appraisal for Qatari males in the present study was 0.50 ± 2.96. This differed at a statistically significant level from the mean value in the Jacobson study with no gender significant difference noted. On the other hand, significant differences were found when compared with previous reports on different races. Conclusion: The Wits appraisal value for the Qatari male population studied was 0.5±2.96, a result which is significantly higher than that reported in Jacobson’s study. This study revealed that the Wits appraisal is not ethnicity or gender-specific, and therefore cannot be used to differentiate between different ethnic groups. However, it can find application as an alternative to the ANB angle in the treatment of borderline cases. The application of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) will enhance the diagnosis and treatment of cases by yielding three-dimensional views.

scholarly journals Anatomical plating versus titanium elastic nailing for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a prospective comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ashish Philip ◽  
Shishir Murugharaj Suranigi ◽  
Lingaraj . ◽  
Kanagasabai Rengasamy ◽  
Syed Najimudeen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Titanium Elastic Nailing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Plate fixation has become the standard operative method for fixing displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Over the years, TENS has also gained lot of attention due to its minimal invasive nature, smaller scar and reduced operative time. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcome of middle third displaced clavicle fractures treated either by plate or intra medullary TENS fixation using Constant Murley score and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand score.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomised study was conducted from January 2010 to September 2016 at our institute on patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.<strong> </strong>A total of 56 patients (TENS; n=25, plating; n=31), classified according to orthopaedic trauma association classification underwent midshaft clavicle fixation. They were followed-up for a minimum period of 1 year.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Length of the scar in the TENS group was significantly smaller when compared to the incision in the plating group (1.86±1.23 and 11.01±3.29 cms respectively, p&lt;0.001). The Constant shoulder score measured at the end of 1 year was 90.77±9.01 for the TENS group and 92.63±6.04 for the plating group, not significant statistically (p=0.269). The mean DASH score was also not significantly different (p=0.552) between the TENS group and the plating group, at 6.01±11.09 and 6.32±10.33 respectively.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In comparison with plate fixation, the nailing procedure is less invasive, requires smaller incisions and has a shorter duration of hospital stay with no statistically significant difference in terms of functional outcome. Hence, TENS technique is recommended for the fixation of displaced mid-shaft non-/minimal comminuted clavicular fractures, especially for young individuals and can be used as an alternative to plate fixation.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Valgus Correction Angle between Patients with Developmental Dysplasia Hip and Normal Volunteers Measured by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and X-Ray

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
Bingpeng Chen ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Correction Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valgus Correction Angle

Background and purpose. A new method of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology was used to take place of X-ray in measuring valgus correction angle (VCA) of both DDH patients and normal volunteers to improve precision. Two different ways to define VCA according to the various conditions of patients were compared and analyzed. Methods. Bilateral VCA of 50 DDH patients and 56 normal volunteers were measured by Mimics software in the 3D method and X-ray in 2D. Two VCA (the upper VCA and the lower VCA) were measured in both two methods. Every VCA was measured by observer A and observer B for twice separately. The statistical analyses of the differences were calculated among the measurements of the VCA. Results. The mean value of the upper VCA measured in 3D was 4.95°±0.76° in DDH group and 5.56°±0.62° in the normal group with significant difference (t=−6.457, p<0.01). The VCA of DDH group and normal group measured by 3D was larger than 2D, both the upper VCA and the lower VCA. The differences indicated statistically significant. The mean value of lower VCA was 0.60° smaller than the mean value of upper VCA in normal volunteers. The mean value of the lower VCA was 0.58° larger than the mean value of the upper VCA in DDH patients. Conclusions. Compared to X-ray, 3D reconstruction technology is more accurate without conventional limitations. The lower VCA of DDH patients should be regarded as the femoral intramedullary guide angle in TKA, especially for patients with femoral deformities.

scholarly journals Fabellar prevalence, degeneration and association with knee osteoarthritis in the Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikun Hou ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Sesamoid Bone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Lateral Roentgenograms ◽  
Subchondral Sclerosis

Abstract The fabella is a sesamoid bone of the knee that can degenerate in some patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and degeneration grades of fabellae in the Chinese population and to analyse their relationships with subject ages and knee osteoarthritis grades. The anteroposterior and lateral knee roentgenograms of 1150 subjects were recruited from the institutional database. The Kellgren-Lawrence scoring system was used to evaluate knee osteoarthritis. The degeneration grades of fabellae were scored in lateral roentgenograms by screening their shapes, sizes, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. The prevalence and degeneration of fabellae among ages, genders and knee sides were analysed by the Pearson Chi-Square test, and their relationships with knee osteoarthritis were analysed by the Spearman nonparametric correlation test. The overall prevalence of fabellae was 48.6% in 1359 knees. There was no significant difference in fabellar prevalence between the two sides (χ² = 0.025, P = 0.87437) and genders (χ² = 3.647, P = 0.05617), while the prevalence increased with the increasing ages of the subjects (χ² = 213.868, P < 0.001). The fabellar degeneration grades were correlated with age (r = 0.5288, P < 0.001) and knee osteoarthritis scores (r = 0.6892, P < 0.001). These results suggested that the fabellar prevalence and degeneration grades were correlated with age and knee osteoarthritis scores.

scholarly journals Análise da marcha de crianças com paralisia cerebral com e sem uso de órteses de tornozelo e pé

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 29390
Author(s):  
Daiane Bridi ◽  
Ingrid Corso Cavião ◽  
Vinícius Mazzochi Schmitt ◽  
Raquel Saccani ◽  
Leandro Viçosa Bonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
T Test ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ankle And Foot

AIMS: To analyze the linear parameters of the gait of children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, users of articulated ankle and foot orthoses.METHODS: A three-dimensional analysis of the gait of eight children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5 to 10 years, classified in levels I and II of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, was made with and without the use of ankle and foot orthoses. A kinematic system with seven integrated cameras captured the three-dimensional trajectory of markers in the participants' body during gait, with data being collected at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. For the comparisons, the paired t-test and the t-test for a sample were used.RESULTS: Considering the gait’s spatiotemporal variables of these children with cerebral palsy compared to normal values, only velocity (with the orthosis and without the orthoses) presented a statistically significant difference. The mean normal gait velocity is 1.25 m/s, while in the non-orthoses participants the mean velocity was 0.98±0.10 m/s (p=0.0001) and with the use of orthoses the mean velocity was 0.96±0.21 m/s (p=0.0001). In the comparison between children using or not the ankle and foot orthoses, velocity, cadence and pitch length were respectively 0.98±0.10 m/s, 131±16.15 steps/min and 0.44±0.08 m in the children without the orthoses; and 0.96±0.21 m/s, 128.37±22.9 steps/min and 0.48±0.05 m in the children with the orthoses. The differences were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Comparison between the same group with and without the use of ankle and foot orthoses suggests that their use in children with cerebral palsy may promote an increase in step length and a decrease in velocity and cadence in relation to condition without orthosis, favouring a better distribution of weight in the paretic member and providing a better symmetry in gait. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, it is expected that the results obtained in this study can serve as a pilot for future research, with larger samples.

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