scholarly journals Hip Fracture-Related Mortality among Older Adults in the United States: Analysis of the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death Data, 1999–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Orces
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Death Record ◽  
Related Mortality

Objectives. To examine trends in hip fracture-related mortality among older adults in the United States between 1999 and 2013. Material and Methods. The Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research system was used to identify adults aged 65 years and older with a diagnosis of hip fracture reported in their multiple cause of death record. Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to estimate the average annual percent change in hip fracture-related mortality rates by selected characteristics. Results. A total of 204,254 older decedents listed a diagnosis of hip fracture on their death record. After age adjustment, hip fracture mortality rates decreased by −2.3% (95% CI, −2.7%, and −1.8%) in men and −1.5% (95% CI, −1.9%, and −1.1%) in women. Similarly, the proportion of in-hospital hip fracture deaths decreased annually by −2.1% (95% CI, −2.6%, and −1.5%). Of relevance, the proportion of cardiovascular diseases reported as the underlying cause of death decreased on average by −4.8% (95% CI, −5.5%, and −4.1%). Conclusions. Hip fracture-related mortality decreased among older adults in the United States. Downward trends in hip fracture-related mortality were predominantly attributed to decreased deaths among men and during hospitalization. Moreover, improvements in survival of hip fracture patients with greater number of comorbidities may have accounted for the present findings.

scholarly journals Trends in heart failure-related cardiovascular mortality in rural versus urban United States counties, 2011–2018: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246813
Author(s):  
Jacob B. Pierce ◽  
Nilay S. Shah ◽  
Lucia C. Petito ◽  
Lindsay Pool ◽  
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Physician Density ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Related Mortality

Background Adults in rural counties in the United States (US) experience higher rates broadly of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with adults in urban counties. Mortality rates specifically due to heart failure (HF) have increased since 2011, but estimates of heterogeneity at the county-level in HF-related mortality have not been produced. The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify nationwide trends by rural-urban designation and 2) examine county-level factors associated with rural-urban differences in HF-related mortality rates. Methods and findings We queried CDC WONDER to identify HF deaths between 2011–2018 defined as CVD (I00-78) as the underlying cause of death and HF (I50) as a contributing cause of death. First, we calculated national age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and examined trends stratified by rural-urban status (defined using 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme), age (35–64 and 65–84 years), and race-sex subgroups per year. Second, we combined all deaths from 2011–2018 and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) in HF-related mortality for rural versus urban counties using multivariable negative binomial regression models with adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, risk factor prevalence, and physician density. Between 2011–2018, 162,314 and 580,305 HF-related deaths occurred in rural and urban counties, respectively. AAMRs were consistently higher for residents in rural compared with urban counties (73.2 [95% CI: 72.2–74.2] vs. 57.2 [56.8–57.6] in 2018, respectively). The highest AAMR was observed in rural Black men (131.1 [123.3–138.9] in 2018) with greatest increases in HF-related mortality in those 35–64 years (+6.1%/year). The rural-urban IRR persisted among both younger (1.10 [1.04–1.16]) and older adults (1.04 [1.02–1.07]) after adjustment for county-level factors. Main limitations included lack of individual-level data and county dropout due to low event rates (<20). Conclusions Differences in county-level factors may account for a significant amount of the observed variation in HF-related mortality between rural and urban counties. Efforts to reduce the rural-urban disparity in HF-related mortality rates will likely require diverse public health and clinical interventions targeting the underlying causes of this disparity.

scholarly journals 1487. Recent Resurgence of Salmonellosis-Related Mortality in the United States, 1990–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S541-S542
Author(s):  
Palak Panchal ◽  
Frank Sorvillo ◽  
Mark S Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. The objective of this study was to update the epidemiology of salmonellosis-related mortality in the United States by examining multiple-cause-of-death data (MCOD). Methods MCOD data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the years 1990–2015 were analyzed. Mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, and state. Poisson regression models were used to examine temporal trends. Logistic regression was used to determine whether selected comorbid conditions were associated with salmonellosis-related deaths. Results Overall, 1,987 salmonellosis-related deaths (3.17%) were identified as an underlying and/or associated cause of death. The average annual age-adjusted mortality rate was 0.027 per 100,000 person-years. Salmonellosis mortality rates were higher among males with an age-adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 1.89 (95% CI, 1.79–2.01) compared with females. Mortality rates were higher among non-Hispanic Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders with an age-adjusted RR of 2.46 (95% CI, 2.19–2.77) and 2.06 (95% CI, 1.67–2.55) compared with Whites, respectively. The highest number of salmonellosis deaths were reported among the 75–84 year age group (n = 467; 24% of all cases). A significant decrease in trend was observed in age-adjusted salmonellosis mortality rates from 1990 to 2015. Since 2006, a significant increase of 66% in mortality rates was observed. Among selected comorbid conditions, HIV, acute renal failure, cancers affecting bone marrow, and diseases of the digestive system were associated with salmonellosis deaths with odds ratios of 11.51 (95% CI 8.78–15.10), 3.09 (95% CI, 2.01 = 4.75), 2.81 (95% CI, 1.67–4.74), and 2.82 (95% CI, 2.34–3.40), respectively. Conclusion Salmonellosis is an underlying and/or associated cause of death, especially among those with immune senescence and suppression. Despite a substantial decline in mortality rates, since 2006 rates have increased, a concerning trend. If rates continue to increase, an evaluation of Salmonella prevention efforts will be warranted. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Stroke‐Related Mortality in the United States–Mexico Border Area of the United States, 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safi U. Khan ◽  
Ankur Kalra ◽  
Siva H. Yedlapati ◽  
Sourbha S. Dani ◽  
Michael D. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Us Mexico Border

BACKGROUND The United States (US)‐Mexico border is a socioeconomically underserved area. We sought to investigate whether stroke‐related mortality varies between the US border and nonborder counties. METHODS AND RESULTS We used death certificates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to examine stroke‐related mortality in border versus nonborder counties in California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. We measured average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 between 1999 and 2018. Overall, AAMRs were higher for nonborder counties, older adults, men, and non‐Hispanic Black adults than their counterparts. Between 1999 and 2018, AAMRs reduced from 55.8 per 100 000 to 34.4 per 100 000 in the border counties (AAPC, −2.70) and 64.5 per 100 000 to 37.6 per 100 000 in nonborder counties (AAPC, −2.92). The annual percent change in AAMR initially decreased, followed by stagnation in both border and nonborder counties since 2012. The AAPC in AAMR decreased in all 4 states; however, AAMR increased in California’s border counties since 2012 (annual percent change, 3.9). The annual percent change in AAMR decreased for older adults between 1999 and 2012 for the border (−5.10) and nonborder counties (−5.01), followed by a rise in border counties and stalling in nonborder counties. Although the AAPC in AAMR decreased for both sexes, the AAPC in AAMR differed significantly for non‐Hispanic White adults in border (−2.69) and nonborder counties (−2.86). The mortality decreased consistently for all other ethnicities/races in both border and nonborder counties. CONCLUSIONS Stroke‐related mortality varied between the border and nonborder counties. Given the substantial public health implications, targeted interventions aimed at vulnerable populations are required to improve stroke‐related outcomes in the US‐Mexico border area.

scholarly journals Mortality Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Northeastern Italy, 2008–2020: A Multiple Cause of Death Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7249
Author(s):  
Alessandro Marcon ◽  
Elena Schievano ◽  
Ugo Fedeli
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasing in most European countries, but there are no data for Italy. We analysed the registry data from a region in northeastern Italy to assess the trends in IPF-related mortality during 2008–2019, to compare results of underlying vs. multiple cause of death analyses, and to describe the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. We identified IPF (ICD-10 code J84.1) among the causes of death registered in 557,932 certificates in the Veneto region. We assessed time trends in annual age-standardized mortality rates by gender and age (40–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). IPF was the underlying cause of 1310 deaths in the 2251 certificates mentioning IPF. For all age groups combined, the age-standardized mortality rate from IPF identified as the underlying cause of death was close to the European median (males and females: 3.1 and 1.3 per 100,000/year, respectively). During 2008–2019, mortality rates increased in men aged ≥85 years (annual percent change of 6.5%, 95% CI: 2.0, 11.2%), but not among women or for the younger age groups. A 72% excess of IPF-related deaths was registered in March–April 2020 (mortality ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.24). IPF mortality was increasing among older men in northeastern Italy. The burden of IPF was heavier than assessed by routine statistics, since less than two out of three IPF-related deaths were directly attributed to this condition. COVID-19 was accompanied by a remarkable increase in IPF-related mortality.

Abstract 15: Trends in Atrial Fibrillation-related Cardiovascular Mortality Rates in The United States: 1999-2017

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Nilay Shah ◽  
Rod Passman ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
Sadiya Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults and the prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population and the growing burden of vascular risk factors. Although deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) death have dramatically decreased in recent years, trends in AF-related CVD death has not been previously investigated. Purpose: We sought to quantify trends in AF-related CVD death rates in the United States. Methods: AF-related CVD death was ascertained using the CDC WONDER online database. AF-related CVD deaths were identified by listing CVD (I00-I78) as underlying cause of death and AF (I48) as contributing cause of death among persons aged 35 to 84 years. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population, and examined trends over time estimating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint Regression Program (National Cancer Institute). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare AAMRs by sex-race (black and white men and women) and across two age groups (younger: 35-64 years, older 65-84 years). Results: A total of 522,104 AF-related CVD deaths were identified between 1999 and 2017. AAMR increased from 16.0 to 22.2 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2017 with an acceleration following an inflection point in 2009. AAPC before 2009 was significantly lower than that after 2009 [0.4% (95% CI, 0.0 - 0.7) vs 3.5% (95% CI, 3.1 - 3.9), p < 0.001). The increase of AAMR was observed across black and white men and women overall and in both age groups (FIGURE), with a more pronounced increase in black men and white men. Black men had the highest AAMR among the younger decedents, whereas white men had the highest AAMR among the older decedents. Conclusion: This study revealed that death rate for AF-related CVD has increased over the last two decades and that there are greater black-white disparities in younger decedents (<65 years). Targeting equitable risk factor reduction that predisposes to AF and CVD mortality is needed to reduce observed health inequities.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in the ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 15003-15016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Zhang ◽  
J. Jason West ◽  
Rohit Mathur ◽  
Jia Xing ◽  
Christian Hogrefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Baseline Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract. Concentrations of both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the United States (US) have decreased significantly since 1990, mainly because of air quality regulations. Exposure to these air pollutants is associated with premature death. Here we quantify the annual mortality burdens from PM2.5 and O3 in the US from 1990 to 2010, estimate trends and inter-annual variability, and evaluate the contributions to those trends from changes in pollutant concentrations, population, and baseline mortality rates. We use a fine-resolution (36 km) self-consistent 21-year simulation of air pollutant concentrations in the US from 1990 to 2010, a health impact function, and annual county-level population and baseline mortality rate estimates. From 1990 to 2010, the modeled population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreased by 39 %, and summertime (April to September) 1 h average daily maximum O3 decreased by 9 % from 1990 to 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden from ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and stroke steadily decreased by 54 % from 123 700 deaths year−1 (95 % confidence interval, 70 800–178 100) in 1990 to 58 600 deaths year−1 (24 900–98 500) in 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden would have decreased by only 24 % from 1990 to 2010 if the PM2.5 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level, due to decreases in baseline mortality rates for major diseases affected by PM2.5. The mortality burden associated with O3 from chronic respiratory disease increased by 13 % from 10 900 deaths year−1 (3700–17 500) in 1990 to 12 300 deaths year−1 (4100–19 800) in 2010, mainly caused by increases in the baseline mortality rates and population, despite decreases in O3 concentration. The O3-related mortality burden would have increased by 55 % from 1990 to 2010 if the O3 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level. The detrended annual O3 mortality burden has larger inter-annual variability (coefficient of variation of 12 %) than the PM2.5-related burden (4 %), mainly from the inter-annual variation of O3 concentration. We conclude that air quality improvements have significantly decreased the mortality burden, avoiding roughly 35 800 (38 %) PM2.5-related deaths and 4600 (27 %) O3-related deaths in 2010, compared to the case if air quality had stayed at 1990 levels (at 2010 baseline mortality rates and population).

Mortality in the US by education level

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-419
Author(s):  
Cristian Redondo Lourés ◽  
Andrew J. G. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Death Data

AbstractDifferent mortality rates for different socio-economic groups within a population have been consistently reported throughout the years. In this study, we aim to exploit data from multiple public sources, including highly detailed cause-of-death data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to explore the mortality gap between the better and worse off in the US during the period 1989–2015, using education as a proxy.

scholarly journals Time Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlyn A. Martin ◽  
Rebecca Molsberry ◽  
Michael J. Cuttica ◽  
Kush R. Desai ◽  
Daniel R. Schimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Percent Change

Background Although historical trends before 1998 demonstrated improvements in mortality caused by pulmonary embolism (PE), contemporary estimates of mortality trends are unknown. Therefore, our objective is to describe trends in death rates caused by PE in the United States, overall and by sex‐race, regional, and age subgroups. Methods and Results We used nationwide death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to calculate age‐adjusted mortality rates for PE as underlying cause of death from 1999 to 2018. We used the Joinpoint regression program to examine statistical trends and average annual percent change. Trends in PE mortality rates reversed after an inflection point in 2008, with an average annual percent change before 2008 of −4.4% (−5.7, −3.0, P <0.001), indicating reduction in age‐adjusted mortality rates of 4.4% per year between 1999 and 2008, versus average annual percent change after 2008 of +0.6% (0.2, 0.9, P <0.001). Black men and women had approximately 2‐fold higher age‐adjusted mortality rates compared with White men and women, respectively, before and after the inflection point. Similar trends were seen in geographical regions. Age‐adjusted mortality rates for younger adults (25–64 years) increased during the study period (average annual percent change 2.1% [1.6, 2.6]) and remained stable for older adults (>65 years). Conclusions Our study findings demonstrate that PE mortality has increased over the past decade and racial and geographic disparities persist. Identifying the underlying drivers of these changing mortality trends and persistently observed disparities is necessary to mitigate the burden of PE‐related mortality, particularly premature preventable PE deaths among younger adults (<65 years).

Mortality From Forces of Nature Among Older Adults by Race/Ethnicity and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095467
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Adams ◽  
Candace M. Evans ◽  
Mason Clay Mathews ◽  
Amy Wolkin ◽  
Lori Peek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Related Mortality

Older adults are especially vulnerable to disasters due to high rates of chronic illness, disability, and social isolation. Limited research examines how gender, race/ethnicity, and forces of nature—defined here as different types of natural hazards, such as storms and earthquakes—intersect to shape older adults’ disaster-related mortality risk. We compare mortality rates among older adults (60+ years) in the United States across gender, race/ethnicity, and hazard type using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wonder database. Our results demonstrate that older adult males have higher mortality rates than females. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) males have the highest mortality and are particularly impacted by excessive cold. Mortality is also high among Black males, especially due to cataclysmic storms. To address disparities, messaging and programs targeting the dangers of excessive cold should be emphasized for AI/AN older adult males, whereas efforts to reduce harm from cataclysmic storms should target Black older adult males.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Zhang ◽  
J. Jason West ◽  
Rohit Mathur ◽  
Jia Xing ◽  
Christian Hogrefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Baseline Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract. Concentrations of both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the United States (US) have decreased significantly since 1990, mainly because of air quality regulations. These air pollutants are associated with premature death. Here we quantify the annual mortality burdens from PM2.5 and O3 in the US from 1990 to 2010, estimate trends and inter-annual variability, and evaluate the contributions to those trends from changes in pollutant concentrations, population, and baseline mortality rates. We use a fine-resolution (36 km) self-consistent 21-year simulation of air pollutant concentrations in the US from 1990 to 2010, a health impact function, and annual county-level population and baseline mortality rate estimates. From 1990 to 2010, the modeled population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreased by 39 %, and summertime (April to September) 1hr average daily maximum O3 decreased by 9 % from 1990 to 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden from ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and stroke, steadily decreased by 53 % from 123,700 deaths yr−1 (95 % confidence interval, 70,800–178,100) in 1990 to 58,600 deaths −1 (24,900–98,500) in 2010. The PM2.5 -related mortality burden would have decreased by only 24 % from 1990 to 2010 if the PM2.5 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level, due to decreases in baseline mortality rates for major diseases affected by PM2.5. The mortality burden associated with O3 from chronic respiratory disease increased by 13 % from 10,900 deaths −1 (3,700–17,500) in 1990 to 12,300 deaths −1 (4,100–19,800) in 2010, mainly caused by increases in the baseline mortality rates and population, despite decreases in O3 concentration. The O3-related mortality burden would have increased by 55 % from 1990 to 2010 if the O3 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level. The detrended annual O3 mortality burden has larger inter-annual variability (coefficient of variation of 12 %) than the PM2.5-related burden (4 %), mainly from the inter-annual variation of O3 concentration. We conclude that air quality improvements have significantly decreased the mortality burden, avoiding roughly 35,800 (38 %) PM2.5-related deaths and 4,600 (27 %) O3-related deaths in 2010, compared to the case if air quality had stayed at 1990 levels.

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