scholarly journals “Digitally Oriented Materials”: Focus on Lithium Disilicate Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zarone ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Francesco Guido Mangano ◽  
Renato Leone ◽  
Roberto Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The present paper was aimed at reporting the state of the art about lithium disilicate ceramics. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of this material were reviewed as well as the manufacturing processes, the results of in vitro and in vivo investigations related to survival and success rates over time, and hints for the clinical indications in the light of the latest literature data. Due to excellent optical properties, high mechanical resistance, restorative versatility, and different manufacturing techniques, lithium disilicate can be considered to date one of the most promising dental materials in Digital Dentistry.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art methods and devices for generation, exposure, and collection of aerosols from e-vapor products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732097975
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Didier Goedertier ◽  
Julia Hoeng ◽  
Anita Iskandar ◽  
Arkadiusz K Kuczaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Aerosol Generation

E-vapor products (EVP) have become popular alternatives for cigarette smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. EVP research is challenging and complex, mostly because of the numerous and rapidly evolving technologies and designs as well as the multiplicity of e-liquid flavors and solvents available on the market. There is an urgent need to standardize all stages of EVP assessment, from the production of a reference product to e-vapor generation methods and from physicochemical characterization methods to nonclinical and clinical exposure studies. The objective of this review is to provide a detailed description of selected experimental setups and methods for EVP aerosol generation and collection and exposure systems for their in vitro and in vivo assessment. The focus is on the specificities of the product that constitute challenges and require development of ad hoc assessment frameworks, equipment, and methods. In so doing, this review aims to support further studies, objective evaluation, comparison, and verification of existing evidence, and, ultimately, formulation of standardized methods for testing EVPs.

The Toxic Effects of Two Dental Materials on Human Buccal Epithelium In Vitro and Monkey Buccal Epithelium In Vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
D. Arenholt-Bindslev ◽  
P. Hørsted-Bindslev ◽  
H.P. Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Buccal Epithelium ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Toxicity In Vitro ◽  
Toxic Reactions ◽  
Light Microscopical Examination

The aim of the present study was to compare the toxicity in vitro with the toxicity in vivo of two commercial chemicals marketed for use in the oral cavity (GLUMA BondR and 3M Etching LiquidR). Confluent cultures of human buccal epithelial cells were exposed to graded concentrations of GLUMA Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 minutes. The cytotoxic effects induced by this treatment were observed (cytomorphology, proliferation rate). In vivo, monkey buccal epithelium was exposed to GLUMA Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 minutes. Biopsies were taken after 24 hours, and the buccal epithelium processed for light microscopical examination. In both models, the toxic reactions to GLUMA Bond were far more extensive than those caused by 3M Etching Liquid.

Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Michela Raimondi ◽  
Monica Marzagalli ◽  
Roberta M. Moretti ◽  
Marina Montagnani Marelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Important Health

Background: Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties.Objective:The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy.Methods:Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty.Results:TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.Conclusion:The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.

In-vivo and in-vitro study of control of rat skin optical properties by action of 40%-glucose solution

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Bashkatov ◽  
Elina A. Genina ◽  
Irina V. Korovina ◽  
Yurii P. Sinichkin ◽  
Olga V. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Rat Skin

scholarly journals Avaliação in vitro da resistência de duas resinas compostas submetidas a teste de compressão

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirla Lays Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Gymenna Maria Tenório Guênes ◽  
Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquiades de Medeiros ◽  
Mylena de Araújo Régis ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filler Content ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Composite State ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Dent Assoc

Introdução: O aumento da demanda pela odontologia estética guiou o desenvolvimento de resinas compostas com melhores propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Por isso, percebe-se que há atualmente disponibilidade de uma grande variedade desse material. Dessa forma faz-se necessário a realização de estudos científicos acerca das resinas composta. Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente, in vitro, à resistência de duas resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis encontrados no mercado: a Filtek Z350 XT da 3M e a Zirconfill da Technw, após teste mecânico de compressão e análise estatística dos resultados. Material e método: Quatro amostras de cada resina composta foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à compressão numa máquina de ensaio universal. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste de Mann-Whitney com margem de erro 5.0%. Para digitar os dados e obter os cálculos estatísticos foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS na versão 23. Resultados: A média da força foi mais elevada na resina Zirconfill do que na resina Z350; entretanto, a mediana foi mais elevada na resina Z350. Para a margem de erro fixada (5,0%) não há comprovação de diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre as duas resinas em relação à força de resistência analisada. Conclusão: As resinas compostas testadas mostram valores de resistência a compressão semelhantes e não apresentam diferenças relevantes.Descritores: Resinas Compostas; Nanotecnologia; Odontologia.ReferênciasBowen RL. Use of epoxy resins in restorative materials. J Dent Res. 1956;35(3):360-69.Chagas LS. Avaliação da resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade de uma resina do tipo Bulk Fill em comparação com uma resina convencional [monografia de conclusão de curso]. Santa Cruz do Sul: Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC; 2016.Behr M, Proff P, Kollbeck C, Langriegr S, Kunze J, Handel G et al. The bond strength of the resin-to-zirconia interface using diferente bonding concepts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011;4(1):2-8.Rodrigues DS. Análise da porosidade, resistência mecânica e desgaste de cimentos de ionômero de vidro e resina composta [dissertação]. Porto: Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2014.Pereira AFV, Miranda Junior WG. Avaliação in vitro da microinfiltração e adaptação marginal em restaurações classe v simulando lesões de abfração: estudo piloto. Arq Cent Estud Curso Odontol Univ Fed Minas Gerais. 2008;44(2):18-25.Ferracane JL. Resin composite – state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011; 27(1):29-38.Han JM, Lin H, Zheng G, Shinya A, Gomi H, Shinya A et al. Effect of nanofiller on wear resistance and surface roughness of resin composites. Chin J Dent Res. 2012;15(1):41-7.Mitra SB, Wu D, Holmes B. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134(10):1382-90.Mota EG, Weiss A, Spohr AM, Oshima HMS, Carvalho LMN. Relationship between filler content and selected mechanical properties of six microhybrid composites. Rev odonto cienc. 2011;26(2):151-55.Rosa RS. Propriedades mecânicas de resinas compostas com nanopartículas [tese]. Porto Alegre: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia; 2010.Souza ALT, Oliveira FMMPC, Moysés MR, Assis CPD, Ribeiro JCR, Dias SC. Avaliação da resistência à compressão de resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis. Arq Odontol. 2007;43(1):30-5.

scholarly journals Simulating the Intraoral Aging of Dental Bonding Agents: A Narrative Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Tomas Vilde ◽  
Cameron A. Stewart ◽  
Yoav Finer
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Dental Bonding

Despite their popularity, resin composite restorations fail earlier and at higher rates than comparable amalgam restorations. One of the reasons for these rates of failure are the properties of current dental bonding agents. Modern bonding agents are vulnerable to gradual chemical and mechanical degradation from a number of avenues such as daily use in chewing, catalytic hydrolysis facilitated by salivary or bacterial enzymes, and thermal fluctuations. These stressors have been found to work synergistically, all contributing to the deterioration and eventual failure of the hybrid layer. Due to the expense and difficulty in conducting in vivo experiments, in vitro protocols meant to accurately simulate the oral environment’s stressors are important in the development of bonding agents and materials that are more resistant to these processes of degradation. This narrative review serves to summarize the currently employed methods of aging dental materials and critically appraise them in the context of our knowledge of the oral environment’s parameters.

Measurement of the Optical Properties of Muscle Tissue In Vivo

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Kopsombut ◽  
D. Willis ◽  
A. E. Schen ◽  
L. X. Xu ◽  
X. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Living Tissues

Abstract Along with rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of lasers in medicine, optical properties of various biological tissues have been extensively studied [1]. Most of the studies were performed in vitro owing to the complexity involved in in vivo measurement. To date, it is well understood that living tissue is an absorbing and scattering heterogeneous medium because of its complex structures including blood network. The transport theory cannot be readily used due to the heterogeneity and the absence of the optical properties of living tissues [2]. In this research, we have developed a procedure for measuring the total attenuation coefficient (μ1) of the exteriorized rat 2-D spinotrapezius muscle in the wavelength ranged from 480–560 nm using the collimated light from a Nitrogen-pumped dye laser and a high-sensitivity CCD camera.

Challenges on the effect of cell phone radiation on mammalian embryos and fetuses: a review of the literature

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahaldashtian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khalili ◽  
Fatemeh Anbari ◽  
Mohammad Seify ◽  
Manuel Belli
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Wide Range

Summary Cell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Concern on the possible health hazards of RF-EMR has been growing in many countries because these RF-EMR pulses may be absorbed into the body cells, directly affecting them. There are some in vitro and in vivo animal studies related to the consequences of RF-EMR exposure from cell phones on embryo development and offspring. In addition, some studies have revealed that RF-EMR from cellular phone may lead to decrease in the rates of fertilization and embryo development, as well as the risk of the developmental anomalies, other studies have reported that it does not interfere with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates, or the chromosomal aberration rate. Of course, it is unethical to study the effect of waves generated from cell phones on the forming human embryos. Conversely, other mammals have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. Therefore, in this review we focused on the existing literature evaluating the potential effects of RF-EMR on mammalian embryonic and fetal development.

scholarly journals Natural Architectures for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Floris Honig ◽  
Steven Vermeulen ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
Jan de Boer ◽  
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Biomaterials

The ability to control the interactions between functional biomaterials and biological systems is of great importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms defining the interplay between biomaterial properties and the human body are complex. Therefore, a key challenge is to design biomaterials that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Over millions of years, nature has produced a wide variety of biological materials optimised for distinct functions, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) for structural and biochemical support of cells to the holy lotus with special wettability for self-cleaning effects. Many of these systems found in biology possess unique surface properties recognised to regulate cell behaviour. Integration of such natural surface properties in biomaterials can bring about novel cell responses in vitro and provide greater insights into the processes occurring at the cell-biomaterial interface. Using natural surfaces as templates for bioinspired design can stimulate progress in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and biomaterials science. This literature review aims to combine the state-of-the-art knowledge in natural and nature-inspired surfaces, with an emphasis on material properties known to affect cell behaviour.

scholarly journals Optical Diagnostic Based on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiemei Ou ◽  
Zidan Zhou ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Huijun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Optical Diagnostic ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Au nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physicochemical and optical properties, showing great potential in biomedical applications. Diagnostic spectroscopy utilizing varied Au NPs has become a precision tool of in vitro and in vivo diagnostic for cancer and other specific diseases. In this review, we tried to comprehensively introduce the remarkable optical properties of Au NPs, including localized surfaces plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). Then, we highlighted the excellent works using Au NPs for optical diagnostic applications. Ultimately, the challenges and future perspective of using Au NPs for optical diagnostic were discussed.

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