scholarly journals Open-Source Based Testbed for Multioperator 4G/5G Infrastructure Sharing in Virtual Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Marco Alaez ◽  
Jose M. Alcaraz Calero ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Fatna Belqasmi ◽  
May El Barachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telecommunication Operators

Fourth-Generation (4G) mobile networks are based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies and are being deployed worldwide, while research on further evolution towards the Fifth Generation (5G) has been recently initiated. 5G will be featured with advanced network infrastructure sharing capabilities among different operators. Therefore, an open-source implementation of 4G/5G networks with this capability is crucial to enable early research in this area. The main contribution of this paper is the design and implementation of such a 4G/5G open-source testbed to investigate multioperator infrastructure sharing capabilities executed in virtual architectures. The proposed design and implementation enable the virtualization and sharing of some of the components of the LTE architecture. A testbed has been implemented and validated with intensive empirical experiments conducted to validate the suitability of virtualizing LTE components in virtual infrastructures (i.e., infrastructures with multitenancy sharing capabilities). The impact of the proposed technologies can lead to significant saving of both capital and operational costs for mobile telecommunication operators.

scholarly journals Measuring Key Quality Indicators in Cloud Gaming: Framework and Assessment Over Wireless Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Sebastian Peñaherrera-Pulla ◽  
Carlos Baena ◽  
Sergio Fortes ◽  
Eduardo Baena ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Graphics Rendering ◽  
The Impact

Cloud Gaming is a cutting-edge paradigm in the video game provision where the graphics rendering and logic are computed in the cloud. This allows a user’s thin client systems with much more limited capabilities to offer a comparable experience with traditional local and online gaming but using reduced hardware requirements. In contrast, this approach stresses the communication networks between the client and the cloud. In this context, it is necessary to know how to configure the network in order to provide service with the best quality. To that end, the present work defines a novel framework for Cloud Gaming performance evaluation. This system is implemented in a real testbed and evaluates the Cloud Gaming approach for different transport networks (Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and scenarios, automating the acquisition of the gaming metrics. From this, the impact on the overall gaming experience is analyzed identifying the main parameters involved in its performance. Hence, the future lines for Cloud Gaming QoE-based (Quality of Experience) optimization are established, this way being of configuration, a trendy paradigm in the new-generation networks, such as 4G and 5G (Fourth and Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks).

scholarly journals Handover Parameters Optimisation Techniques in 5G Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5202
Author(s):  
Wasan Kadhim Saad ◽  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Bashar J. Hamza ◽  
Hafizal Mohamad ◽  
Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

The massive growth of mobile users will spread to significant numbers of small cells for the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile network, which will overlap the fourth generation (4G) network. A tremendous increase in handover (HO) scenarios and HO rates will occur. Ensuring stable and reliable connection through the mobility of user equipment (UE) will become a major problem in future mobile networks. This problem will be magnified with the use of suboptimal handover control parameter (HCP) settings, which can be configured manually or automatically. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different HCP settings on the performance of 5G network. Several system scenarios are proposed and investigated based on different HCP settings and mobile speed scenarios. The different mobile speeds are expected to demonstrate the influence of many proposed system scenarios on 5G network execution. We conducted simulations utilizing MATLAB software and its related tools. Evaluation comparisons were performed in terms of handover probability (HOP), ping-pong handover probability (PPHP) and outage probability (OP). The 5G network framework has been employed to evaluate the proposed system scenarios used. The simulation results reveal that there is a trade-off in the results obtained from various systems. The use of lower HCP settings provides noticeable enhancements compared to higher HCP settings in terms of OP. Simultaneously, the use of lower HCP settings provides noticeable drawbacks compared to higher HCP settings in terms of high PPHP for all scenarios of mobile speed. The simulation results show that medium HCP settings may be the acceptable solution if one of these systems is applied. This study emphasises the application of automatic self-optimisation (ASO) functions as the best solution that considers user experience.

scholarly journals 4G Network Security Algorithms: Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Rana M. Zaki ◽  
Hala Bahjat Abdul wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Initial Vector ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Message Management ◽  
In Series ◽  
Security Algorithm ◽  
Key Length

<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">Long Term Evolution (LTE) of (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is one of the modern steps in series of mobile telecommunications systems. That appears to be a strong technology that meets the requirements of fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks and supports authentication and encryption mechanisms between User Equipment (UE) and Message Management Entity (MME). This paper provides an overview of the three most important algorithms that are considered the heart of LTE cryptographic algorithms (SNOW3G, AES, and ZUC) and a comparison between cipher key length and initial vector length to generate keystream depending on the structure used for each algorithm as each algorithm has a time of complexity and space of complexity that differs from the other security algorithm.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpLast"><strong> </strong></p>

Optimizing the Traffic of Voice Core Domain in UMTS Network through RNC Re-Homing

2012 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Ye Ouyang ◽  
Hosein Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Core Domain ◽  
Network Controller ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Umts Networks

The past few years have seen mobile operators transition to next-generation mobile networks, specifically from third-generation networks (3G) to long term evolution (LTE). This paper describes the basic architecture and topology of UMTS R4 core network and introduces two options in network planning, i.e., flat structure or layered structure. This paper introduces the re-homing of radio network controller (RNC) and base station controller (BSC) and studies the impact on the performance of voice core of UMTS networks. The proposed RNC re-homing models are created and analyzed for voice core of UMTS networks. The paper concludes that the appropriate RNC re-homing optimizes the traffic of voice core in UMTS network.

scholarly journals Business Model Changes in District Heating: The Impact of the Technology Shift from the Third to the Fourth Generation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Lygnerud
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Business Model ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the implications on the business model of district heating companies of the technology shift targeting lower temperatures in the distribution network. Lower temperatures are valuable, since heat supply to low-energy buildings with low grid losses is facilitated. In addition, low-temperature heat sources can be integrated into an efficient energy system, improving the environmental performance of the industry. This technology shift opens a window of opportunity to update the business logic in the sector, since the lower temperatures allow a diversification of the value proposed to customers and a closer, long-term customer relationship. The extent to which the business model is impacted by the shift is not known. Thus, six cases of low temperature implementation from five European countries have been identified. Interviews with the project managers of the implementations show that the six cases made limited change to the primary business model when making the technological shift. Consequently, there is an unexplored potential for updating the value proposition and the customer relationship.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Dr. Abul Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Artificial intelligence based long term evolution multi in multi output antenna supporting the fifth generation mobile networks is put forth in the paper. The mechanism laid out in paper is devised using the monopole-antenna integrated with the switchable pattern. The long term evolution based multiple input and multiple output antenna is equipped with four antennas and capable of providing a four concurrent data streams quadrupling the theoretical maximum speed of data transfer allowing the base station to convey four diverse signals through four diverse transmit antennas for a single user equipment. The utilization of the long term evolution multiple input multiple output is capable of utilizing the multi-trial broadcasting to offer betterments in the signal performance as well as throughput and spectral efficiency when used along the fifth generation mobile networks. So the paper proposes the artificial intelligence based long term evolution multiple input multiple output four transmit antenna with four diverse signal transmission capacity that is operating in the frequency of 3.501 Gigahertz frequency. The laid out design is evaluated using the Multi-input Multi output signal analyzer to acquire the capacity of the passive conveyance of the various antennas with the diverse combination of patterns. The outcomes observed enables the artificial intelligence antenna to identify the choicest antenna to be integrated in the diverse environments for improving the throughput, signal performance and the data conveyance speed.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF GOOGLE CODE-IN ON OSGEO

2020 ◽  
Vol V-5-2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
C. Green ◽  
V. Rautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Source Development

Abstract. Many open source software communities rely on volunteer contributors and it is important to motivate, engage and retain members of the community to ensure long term sustainability of the community and software. Barrier to entry can be a problem for new developers and can stop them from contributing to large projects. It is important to mentor and guide new volunteers in an open source project and organisation such as OSGeo. The question is then raised how can open source organizations bridge this gap and bring younger developers into the organizations and ensure that they remain, in order to contribute something meaningful? OSGeo participated for a third time in Google Code-in (GCI). Google Code-in is an online competition that introduces teenagers (13–17 years) to open source development over the course of seven weeks. In the 2019 Google Code-in, there were 29 participating open source organisations, over 3000 students from more than 75 countries that completed 13 000+ tasks. During GCI, OSGeo had the lowest number of mentors in its three years of the competition but its highest number of completed tasks. Many of the submissions from the students was of a high standard and some of the task submissions got accepted into the projects. Having new developers in any open source community is key to the survival of the community and retaining them is also key to the longevity of any of the projects and it gives them time to contribute something meaningful.

scholarly journals The Impact of New Features on Positioning Technology in LTE-A System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bo ◽  
Du Yuanfeng ◽  
Yang Dongkai
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Coordinated Multipoint ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
4G Mobile Communication

As the location based services develop, more and more researches have been focused on the positioning technologies in mobile networks. The long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) system, commercialized as the 4th generation (4G) mobile communication system, is based on the following key features: the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the relay, the multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO), the carrier aggregation (CA), and the coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP). In this paper, the impact of these features on the existing positioning technology specified in the LTE-A standards is systematically investigated. Moreover, two approaches are proposed to take full advantage of these features in terms of positioning technologies and the key positioning parameters, including the reference signal time difference (RSTD) in the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) technology and user equipment receiving time subtracting transmitting time (UE Rx-Tx) in the enhanced cell identity (E-CID) technology.

scholarly journals Impact of After-Sales Service on Customers� Retention of Mobile Telecommunications in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasanmi Olumuyiwa Oladapo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The idea of after-sales services has been adopted globally to provide the consumers after the product or services rendered. The study explored the impact of after-sales services on customers� retention of mobile telecommunication in Nigeria. Survey research was adopted, and the aim of using this design is premised on the fact that the study relied on obtaining information from the field using a questionnaire. The population consist of all the subscribers of MTN, Globacom, Airtel and 9mobile. Four hundred seventy-two (472) subscribers of mobile networks were proportionally drawn from the NCC website. Subsequently, a simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from each of the mobile networks. Data collected were analysed using an application of simple percentage method in computer software packages (SPSS), and the regression analysis adopted by the testing of a reported hypothesis. The regression of [t-statistics] value of .01 and [2.63] demonstrates that the relationship between after-sale service and retention of customers is essential because the alpha level of 0.05 is higher than the p-value. Hence, the assumption is that growth in after-sales activities is a significant contributor to customer retention. Management should pay attention to the employee position to the quality of after-sales service, which results in future procurement and further recommendations.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence techniques over the fifth generation mobile networks: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Ashwaq N. Hassan ◽  
Sarab Al-Chlaihawi ◽  
Ahlam R. Khekan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Sixth Generation

<span>A well Fifth generation (5G) mobile networks have been a common phrase in recent years. We have all heard this phrase and know its importance. By 2025, the number of devices based on the fifth generation of mobile networks will reach about 100 billion devices. By then, about 2.5 billion users are expected to consume more than a gigabyte of streamed data per month. 5G will play important roles in a variety of new areas, from smart homes and cars to smart cities, virtual reality and mobile augmented reality, and 4K video streaming. Bandwidth much higher than the fourth generation, more reliability and less latency are some of the features that distinguish this generation of mobile networks from previous generations.  Clearly, at first glance, these features may seem very impressive and useful to a mobile network, but these features will pose serious challenges for operators and communications companies. All of these features will lead to considerable complexity. Managing this network, preventing errors, and minimizing latency are some of the challenges that the 5th generation of mobile networks will bring. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning is a good way to solve these challenges. in other say, in such a situation, proper management of the 5G network must be done using powerful tools such as artificial intelligence. Various researches in this field are currently being carried out. Research that enables automated management and servicing and reduces human error as much as possible. In this paper, we will review the artificial intelligence techniques used in communications networks. Creating a robust and efficient communications network using artificial intelligence techniques is a great incentive for future research.</span><span> The importance of this issue is such that the sixth generation (6G) of cellular communications; There is a lot of emphasis on the use of artificial intelligence.</span>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document