scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Anthelmintic Activities ofRauwolfia vomitoria(Apocynaceae) Stem Bark and Roots against Parasitic Stages ofSchistosoma mansoniand Cytotoxic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mouafo Tekwu ◽  
Kwabena Mante Bosompem ◽  
William Kofi Anyan ◽  
Regina Appiah-Opong ◽  
Kofi Baffour-Awuah Owusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Chang Liver Cell ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Diseases which can be prevented with mass deworming chemotherapy. The reliance on a single drug, praziquantel, is a motivation for the search of novel antischistosomal compounds. This study investigated the anthelmintic activity of the stem bark and roots ofRauwolfia vomitoriaagainst two life stages ofSchistosoma mansoni. Both plant parts were found to be active against cercariae and adult worms. Within 2 h of exposure all cercariae were killed at a concentration range of 62.5–1000 µg/mL and 250–1000 µg/mL ofR. vomitoriastem bark and roots, respectively. The LC50values determined for the stem bark after 1 and 2 h of exposure were 207.4 and 61.18 µg/mL, respectively. All adult worms exposed to the concentrations range of 250–1000 µg/mL for both plant parts died within 120 h of incubation. The cytotoxic effects against HepG2 and Chang liver cell assessed using MTT assay method indicated that both plant extracts which were inhibitory to the proliferation of cell lines with IC50> 20 μg/mL appear to be safe. This report provides the first evidence of in vitro schistosomicidal potency ofR. vomitoriawith the stem bark being moderately, but relatively, more active and selective against schistosome parasites. This suggests the presence of promising medicinal constituent(s).

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Prunus africana Extracts on Prostate Cancer C4-2 Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace C. Asuzu ◽  
Alberta N.A. Aryee ◽  
Nicholas Trompeter ◽  
Yasmin Mann ◽  
Samuel A. Besong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

AbstractPhenolic compounds are products of secondary plant metabolism known for their biological activity including their antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, stimulant, anti- carcinogenic, and aphrodisiac properties. The main objective of this study was to assess the potency/cytotoxic effects of Prunus africana extracts on prostate cancer cells in vitro. Using different concentrations of P. africana extracts, prostate cancer C4-2 cells, a hormonally insensitive subline of LNCaP cells, were treated in a proliferation assay. A concentration dependent inhibition of cell growth in cells treated with P. africana bark and root extracts was present from days 1 through 3 of incubation, with the methanol extract of the bark showing the strongest effect. Compared to other plant parts, leaf extracts were significantly less cytotoxic at the same concentrations. As C4-2 cells are hormonally insensitive and designed to mimic advanced prostate cancer, crude extracts of P. africana are a possible treatment option, not only for hormone sensitive prostate cancer, but also advanced, hormonally insensitive prostate cancer.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

scholarly journals Plants Used in Antivenom Therapy in Rural Kenya: Ethnobotany and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
East African ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Main Growth

Snake envenomation is one of the neglected tropical diseases which has left an intolerable death toll and severe socioeconomic losses in Kenya. In a continued effort to identify some antiophidic East African botanical species, this study generated ethnobotanical information on antivenom plants reported in Kenya, with a view to identify potential species which could be subjected to in vitro and clinical studies for possible development into antivenoms. Data retrieved through searches done in multidisciplinary databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scientific Electronic Library Online) indicated that 54 plant species belonging to 45 genera, distributed among 27 families, are used for the management of snakebites in Kenya. Most species belonged to the family Asteraceae (11%), Malvaceae (11%), Fabaceae (9%), Annonaceae (6%), Combretaceae (6%), and Lamiaceae (6%). The main growth habit of the species is as herbs (35%), shrubs (33%), and trees (28%). Ethnomedicinal preparations used in treating snake poisons are usually from leaves (48%), roots (26%), and stem bark (8%) through decoctions, infusions, powders, and juices which are applied topically or administered orally. The most frequently encountered species were Combretum collinum, Euclea divinorum, Fuerstia africana, Grewia fallax, Microglossa pyrifolia, Solanecio mannii, and Solanum incanum. Indigenous knowledge on medicinal antivenom therapy in Kenya is humongous, and therefore studies to isolate and evaluate the antivenom compounds in the claimed plants are required to enable their confident use in antivenom therapy alongside commercial antivenin sera.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of boiled juice (tucupi) from Manihot esculenta Crantz roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Cunha ◽  
T.C. Mota ◽  
P.C.S. Cardoso ◽  
D.D.F.A. Alcântara ◽  
R.M.R. Burbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
D. O. Olayemi ◽  
M. M. Onakpa ◽  
O. C. Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Ketotifen, Indomethacin and Naproxen, Alone and in Combination, against SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Pantea Kiani ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Thomas A. Dahl ◽  
Lauren McMann ◽  
Jacqueline M. Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Viral Yield ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

The 2019 coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, the treatment options for COVID-19 are limited. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to investigate the effectiveness of ketotifen, naproxen and indomethacin, alone or in combination, in reducing SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated. The findings showed that the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen both reduce viral yield. Compared to ketotifen alone (60% inhibition at EC50), an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 79%, 83% and 93% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM indomethacin, respectively. Compared to ketotifen alone, an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 68%, 68% and 92% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM naproxen, respectively. For both drug combinations the observations suggest an additive or synergistic effect, compared to administering the drugs alone. No cytotoxic effects were observed for the administered dosages of ketotifen, naproxen, and indomethacin. Further research is warranted to investigate the efficacy of the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MAYTENUS EMARGINATA STEM BARK ON INDIAN ADULT EARTHWORM

2019 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Author(s):  
UMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI ◽  
RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Alternative Source

Objective: The development of anthelmintic activity and the high cost of synthetic anthelmintic drugs it leads to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of the stem bark of Maytenus emarginata on eggs and adult Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli. Methods: Three concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of plant M. emarginata were studied in activity which involved the determination of the time of paralysis (called as vermifuge) and time of death (called as vermicidal) of the worms. Piperazine citrate in same concentration as those of extract was included as standard reference and normal saline water with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose as control. Results: The methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Peak activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present study have shown that M. emarginata contain possible anthelmintic compounds and further evaluation of these plants should be carried out. The traditional use of anthelmintic activity of this plant is genuine.

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