scholarly journals Modulating Neuroinflammation to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska A. Radtke ◽  
Gareth Chapman ◽  
Jeremy Hall ◽  
Yasir A. Syed
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Neuroinflammation is recognised as one of the potential mechanisms mediating the onset of a broad range of psychiatric disorders and may contribute to nonresponsiveness to current therapies. Both preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that aberrant inflammatory responses can result in altered behavioral responses and cognitive deficits. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders and ask the question if certain genetic copy-number variants (CNVs) associated with psychiatric disorders might play a role in modulating inflammation. Furthermore, we detail some of the potential treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders that may operate by altering inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Therapeutically Targeting Neuroinflammation and Microglia after Acute Ischemic Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjeon Lee ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Sung S. Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Gu Yeo ◽  
Kyu-Tae Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Stroke Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Multiple Receptor

Inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent studies posit that inflammation acts as a double-edged sword, not only detrimentally augmenting secondary injury, but also potentially promoting recovery. An initial event of inflammation in ischemic stroke is the activation of microglia, leading to production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators acting through multiple receptor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of microglial mediators in acute ischemic stroke and elaborate on preclinical and clinical studies focused on microglia in stroke models. Understanding how microglia can lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may be essential to implement therapeutic strategies using immunomodulatory interventions in ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals ALIAmides Update: Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Formulations on Management of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
Daniela Impellizzeri ◽  
Salvatore Cuzzocrea ◽  
Rosanna Di Paola
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Somatosensory Nervous System

Neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system and it remains largely difficult to treat. Peripheral neuropathic pain originates from injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and manifests as a series of symptoms and complications, including allodynia and hyperalgesia. The aim of this review is to discuss a novel approach on neuropathic pain management, which is based on the knowledge of processes that underlie the development of peripheral neuropathic pain; in particular highlights the role of glia and mast cells in pain and neuroinflammation. ALIAmides (autacoid local injury antagonist amides) represent a group of endogenous bioactive lipids, including palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which play a central role in numerous biological processes, including pain, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. These compounds are emerging thanks to their anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects, due to the down-regulation of activation of mast cells. Collectively, preclinical and clinical studies support the idea that ALIAmides merit further consideration as therapeutic approach for controlling inflammatory responses, pain, and related peripheral neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals The Role of Estrogen Receptors and Their Signaling across Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Wu Jeong Hwang ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Nahrie Suk Kim ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Increasing evidence suggests estrogen and estrogen signaling pathway disturbances across psychiatric disorders. Estrogens are not only crucial in sexual maturation and reproduction but are also highly involved in a wide range of brain functions, such as cognition, memory, neurodevelopment, and neuroplasticity. To add more, the recent findings of its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects have grown interested in investigating its potential therapeutic use to psychiatric disorders. In this review, we analyze the emerging literature on estrogen receptors and psychiatric disorders in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. Specifically, we discuss the contribution of estrogen receptor and estrogen signaling to cognition and neuroprotection via mediating multiple neural systems, such as dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic systems. Then, we assess their disruptions and their potential implications for pathophysiologies in psychiatric disorders. Further, in this review, current treatment strategies involving estrogen and estrogen signaling are evaluated to suggest a future direction in identifying novel treatment strategies in psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals 137 CME on Pharmacogenomics Testing Improves Knowledge, Competence, and Confidence Related to Implementing Testing in Practice

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Katie S. Lucero ◽  
Piyali Chatterjee-Shin ◽  
Shari J. Dermer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract:Study Objective(s):Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing, in particular combinatorial PGx testing, represents a potential means for delivering personalized treatment selection for patients with psychiatric disorders. The goal of this educational intervention was to educate clinicians about the role of PGx testing in neuropsychiatric conditions such as MDD, how these novel tests may be implemented into clinical practice, and how results may be used to inform decision-making.Method:Psychiatrists (n=830) participated in an online enduring CME activity on PGx testing in psychiatric disorders •The format was a 30-minute 2-person discussion (launched December 7, 2018)•Data from this activity were collected for 30 days after launch•Effectiveness of education for the CME activities was analyzed using 3 multiple-choice and 1 self-efficacy question (5-point Likert-type scale), presented as pre-/post-CME repeated pairs•A paired samples t-test was conducted to examine improvements in mean confidence pre and postParticipant knowledge, competence, and confidence change in pre- to post-CME responses were calculatedResults:Overall, 72% of psychiatrists (n=830) had knowledge or competence that was reinforced or improved as a result of education.Following education:*56% and 12% of psychiatrists had reinforcement and improvement, respectively, in knowledge related to the clinical benefits of PGx-guided treatment strategies•61% and 8% of psychiatrists had reinforcement and improvement, respectively, in competence related to interpreting PGx tests for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders•Within the group of psychiatrists with reinforced and improved knowledge/competence, there was a 30% increase in their confidence using PGx tests to help guide treatment decisions for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (M pre=2.14, post=2.77, scale 1 to 5)•Confidence in the use of PGx testing was correlated with likelihood of considering PGx testing for patients with MDDConclusions:Online CME aided in psychiatrists’ knowledge, competence, and confidence in using pharmacogenomics testing in patients with psychiatric disorders.Funding Acknowledgements:Supported by an independent educational grant from Myriad Neuroscience, formerly Assurex Health

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Lymphoid Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955492110241
Author(s):  
Zhuangzhuang Shi ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lymphoid Neoplasms ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Lymphoid neoplasms encompass a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a predilection for immunocompromised individuals, and the disease burden of lymphoid neoplasms has been rising globally over the last decade. At the same time, mounting studies delineated a crucial role of the gut microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of various diseases. Orchestrated interactions between myriad microorganisms and the gastrointestinal mucosa establish a defensive barrier for a range of physiological processes, especially immunity and metabolism. These findings provide new perspectives to harness our knowledge of the gut microbiota for preclinical and clinical studies of lymphoma. Here, we review recent findings that support a role for the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoid neoplasms and pinpoint relevant molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, we propose the microbiota-gut-lymphoma axis as a promising target for clinical translation, including auxiliary diagnosis, novel prevention and treatment strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes and treatment-related adverse effects of the disease in the future. This review will reveal a fascinating avenue of research in the microbiota-mediated lymphoma field.

scholarly journals Repurposing of Anti-Diabetic Agents as a New Opportunity to Alleviate Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Ting Cao ◽  
NaNa Li ◽  
Cuirong Zeng ◽  
Shuangyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Insulin Pathway ◽  
Brain Insulin ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Brain Insulin Resistance

Cognitive impairment is a shared abnormality between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Emerging evidence suggests that brain insulin resistance plays a significant role in cognitive deficits, which provides the possibility of anti-diabetic agents repositioning to alleviate cognitive deficits. Both preclinical and clinical studies have evaluated the potential cognitive enhancement effects of anti-diabetic agents targeting the insulin pathway. Repurposing of anti-diabetic agents is considered to be promising for cognitive deficits prevention or control in these neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This article reviewed the possible relationship between brain insulin resistance and cognitive deficits. In addition, promising therapeutic interventions, especially current advances in anti-diabetic agents targeting the insulin pathway to alleviate cognitive impairment in AD and schizophrenia were also summarized.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of the Microbiome in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Evrensel ◽  
Barış Önen Ünsalver ◽  
Mehmet Emin Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Day By Day

The search for rational treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders began with the discovery of chlorpromazine in 1951 and continues to evolve. Day by day, new details of the intestinal microbiota–brain axis are coming to light. As the role of microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders is more clearly understood, microbiota-based (or as we propose, “fecomodulation”) treatment options are increasingly discussed in the context of treatment. Although their history dates back to ancient times, the importance of psychobiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has only recently been recognized. Despite there being few preclinical and clinical studies, the evidence gathered to this point suggests that consideration of the microbiome in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders represents an area of significant therapeutic potential. It is increasingly hoped that such treatment options will be more reliable in terms of their side effects, cost, and ease of implementation. However, there remains much to be researched. Questions will be answered through germ-free animal experiments and randomized controlled trials. In this article, the therapeutic potential of microbiota-based options in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in light of recent research.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin and Non-Erythropoietic Derivatives in Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Newton ◽  
Monica Sathyanesan
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive deficits are widespread in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and schizophrenia. These deficits are known to contribute significantly to the accompanying functional impairment. Progress in the development of targeted treatments of cognitive deficits has been limited and there exists a major unmet need to develop more efficacious treatments. Erythropoietin (Epo) has shown promising procognitive effects in psychiatric disorders, providing support for a neurotrophic drug development approach. Several preclinical studies with non-erythropoietic derivatives have demonstrated that the modulation of behavior is independent of erythropoiesis. In this review, we examine the molecular, cellular and cognitive actions of Epo and non-erythropoietic molecular derivatives by focusing on their neurotrophic, synaptic, myelin plasticity, anti-inflammatory and neurogenic mechanisms in the brain. We also discuss the role of receptor signaling in Epo and non-erythropoietic EPO-mimetic molecules in their procognitive effects.

scholarly journals Rac GTPase Signaling in Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Cadence F. Lee ◽  
Rachel E. Carley ◽  
Celia A. Butler ◽  
Alan R. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Rac Gtpase ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the belief that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune signaling mechanisms. This review sought to highlight the role of Rac-mediated inflammatory signaling in the mechanisms driving atherosclerotic calcification. In addition, current clinical treatment strategies that are related to targeting hypercholesterolemia as a critical risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease are addressed in relation to the effects on Rac immune signaling and the implications for the future of targeting immune responses in the treatment of calcific atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tung Tang ◽  
Hsin-Hua Chen ◽  
Tzu-Ting Chen ◽  
Nicole R. Bracci ◽  
Chi-Chien Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis ◽  
Obstetrical Complications ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
New Treatment

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive B and T cells against β2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI), with vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the generation of autoimmunity. Here, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review on the relationship between DC and APS. We performed a literature search of PubMed as of 26 March 2021. A total of 33 articles were extracted. DCs are pivotal in inducing inflammatory responses and orchestrating adaptive immunity. DCs contribute to the local inflammation regarding vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Both B2GPI and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can promote antigen presentation by DCs and the generation or maintenance of autoimmunity. In addition, plasmacytoid DC activation is enhanced by aPL, thereby augmenting the inflammatory response. In line with these findings, DC modulation appears promising as a future treatment for APS. In conclusion, our review indicated the crucial role of DCs in the pathogenesis of APS. Deeper understanding of the complex relationship would help in developing new treatment strategies.

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