scholarly journals Identification of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in Goose: Gene Structure, Expression Patterns, and Immune Reponses against Tembusu Virus Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Wang ◽  
Lipei Sun ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Renyong Jia ◽  
Dekang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Cecal Tonsil ◽  
Tembusu Virus ◽  
First Time

As interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins 1 and 3 (IFITM1 and IFITM3) can effectively inhibit the replication of multiple viruses. Here, goose IFITM1 and IFITM3 were cloned and identified for the first time. The two proteins share the same topological structure and several important sites critical for the antiviral functions in other species are conserved in the goose. Goose IFITM1 and IFITM3 are most closely related to their respective orthologs in ducks; these proteins exhibited high mRNA transcript levels in immune-related tissues, including the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and Harderian gland, compared to other tissues. Moreover, goose IFITM1 was highly constitutively expressed in gastrointestinal tract tissues, while goose IFITM3 was expressed in respiratory organs. Furthermore, goose IFITM3 was activated in goose peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with Tembusu virus (TMUV) or treated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists, while only the R848 and Poly (I:C) agonists induced significant upregulation of goose IFITM1. Furthermore, goose IFITM1 and IFITM3 were upregulated in the sampled tissues, to some extent, after TMUV infection. Notably, significant upregulation of goose IFITM1 and IFITM3 was detected in the cecum and cecal tonsil, where TMUV was primarily distributed. These data provide new insights into the immune effectors in geese and promote our understanding of the role of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in the defense against TMUV.

scholarly journals Identification of Type II Interferon Receptors in Geese: Gene Structure, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Expression Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Shun Chen ◽  
Yulin Qi ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cecal Tonsil ◽  
Immune Tissues ◽  
First Time

Interferonγreceptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2 are two cell membrane molecules belonging to class II cytokines, which play important roles in the IFN-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Here, goose IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were cloned and identified for the first time. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that relatively high levels of goose IFNγmRNA transcripts were detected in immune tissues, including the harderian gland, cecal tonsil, cecum, and thymus. Relatively high expression levels of both IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were detected in the cecal tonsil, which implicated an important role of IFNγin the secondary immune system of geese. No specific correlation between IFNγ, IFNGR1, and IFNGR2 expression levels was observed in the same tissues of healthy geese. IFNγand its cognate receptors showed different expression profiles, although they appeared to maintain a relatively balanced state. Furthermore, the agonist R848 led to the upregulation of goose IFNγbut did not affect the expression of goose IFNGR1 or IFNGR2. In summary, trends in expression of goose IFNγand its cognate receptors showed tissue specificity, as well as an age-related dependency. These findings may help us to better understand the age-related susceptibility to pathogens in birds.

scholarly journals Single-cell characterization of a model of poly I:C-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailu Chen ◽  
Maria P. Diaz-Soto ◽  
Miguel F. Sanmamed ◽  
Taylor Adams ◽  
Jonas C. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Abstract Background Asthma has been associated with impaired interferon response. Multiple cell types have been implicated in such response impairment and may be responsible for asthma immunopathology. However, existing models to study the immune response in asthma are limited by bulk profiling of cells. Our objective was to Characterize a model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with severe asthma (SA) and its response to the TLR3 agonist Poly I:C using two single-cell methods. Methods Two complementary single-cell methods, DropSeq for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and mass cytometry (CyTOF), were used to profile PBMCs of SA patients and healthy controls (HC). Poly I:C-stimulated and unstimulated cells were analyzed in this study. Results PBMCs (n = 9414) from five SA (n = 6099) and three HC (n = 3315) were profiled using scRNA-Seq. Six main cell subsets, namely CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes, were identified. CD4 + T cells were the main cell type in SA and demonstrated a pro-inflammatory profile characterized by increased JAK1 expression. Following Poly I:C stimulation, PBMCs from SA had a robust induction of interferon pathways compared with HC. CyTOF profiling of Poly I:C stimulated and unstimulated PBMCs (n = 160,000) from the same individuals (SA = 5; HC = 3) demonstrated higher CD8 + and CD8 + effector T cells in SA at baseline, followed by a decrease of CD8 + effector T cells after poly I:C stimulation. Conclusions Single-cell profiling of an in vitro model using PBMCs in patients with SA identified activation of pro-inflammatory pathways at baseline and strong response to Poly I:C, as well as quantitative changes in CD8 + effector cells. Thus, transcriptomic and cell quantitative changes are associated with immune cell heterogeneity in this model to evaluate interferon responses in severe asthma.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of sheep with visna/maedi virus via the conjunctival space

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Niesalla ◽  
Tom N. McNeilly ◽  
Margaret Ross ◽  
Susan M. Rhind ◽  
Gordon D. Harkiss
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Virus Dose ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time

Experiments were performed to determine whether visna/maedi virus (VMV), a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), could infect sheep via ocular tissues. The EV1 strain of VMV was administered into the conjunctival space of uninfected sheep, and the animals monitored for the presence of provirus DNA and anti-VMV antibodies in blood. The results showed that provirus DNA appeared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all animals within a few weeks of receiving either 106 TCID50 or 103 TCID50 of VMV. Of the animals receiving the higher dose of virus via the conjunctival space, two seroconverted by 7 and 10 weeks post-infection, one seroconverted 8 months post-infection, and one had not seroconverted by 15 months post-infection. With the lower virus dose, the animals infected via the trachea seroconverted by 4 and 14 weeks, respectively. After ocular infection with this dose, one animal showed a transitory seroconversion with low levels of antibody, peaking at 2 weeks post-administration. The remaining three of the animals infected via the eyes did not seroconvert over a period of 13 months. At post-mortem, evidence for the presence of proviral DNA was obtained from ocular tissue, lungs or mediastinal lymph node in both groups of animals. Histological analysis of lung tissue from animals receiving the lower dose of virus showed the presence of early inflammatory lesions. The results thus show for the first time that transmission of VMV can occur via ocular tissues, suggesting that the conjunctival space may be an additional route of natural transmission.

The involvement of TLR2 in cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs in response toLeishmania majorphosphoglycans (PGs)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. KAVOOSI ◽  
S. K. ARDESTANI ◽  
A. KARIMINIA
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYIn the present study, we show for the first time that lipophosphoglycan (LPG) stimulated cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is also mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR2). In addition, in order to verify if TLR2 is involved in recognition of the purified PGs, neutralizing mAbs against TLR2 and TLR4 were used to treat the cells before being stimulated with PGs. We found strong Th1-promoting cytokines induced by sLPG but not by mLPG which was blocked by presence of anti-TLR2 mAb. This finding reveals a mechanism by which the first encounter and recognition ofL. majorpromastigotes by mLPG after interaction with TLR2 provides a cytokine milieu for consequent Th2 differentiation. Moreover, having shown the strong induction of Th1-promoting cytokines and low production of IL-10 in response to sLPG might have vaccine implication since it is recognized by TLR2 providing signals to professional antigen presenting cells that reside in the skin to promote effective T cell responses againstLeishmaniainfection. In addition, it was shown that purified mLPG and sLPG activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which is also blocked by anti-TLR2 but not by anti-TLR4. However, no inhibition was seen in PPG-induced cytokine and ROS production in the presence of anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4, implying involvement of other receptors.

scholarly journals Multicolor Cytoenzymatic Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (CD26) Function in Normal and Neoplastic Human T-Lymphocyte Populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Ruiz ◽  
Natalia Zacharievich ◽  
Mark Shenkin
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Dpp Iv

ABSTRACT Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also identified as the glycoprotein CD26, is a transmembrane 110- to 120-kDa serine aminopeptidase involved in immune responses by influencing T-cell costimulation and by cleaving cytokines. Additionally, CD26 is a nonintegrin receptor that contains a binding site for extracellular matrix and other molecules. In order to further define the expression and functional activity of this membrane exopeptidase in human T cells, we developed a nondisruptive, four-color cytofluorogenic assay that utilizes three separate antibodies to cell-surface molecules (e.g., CD4/CD8/CD26 and CD19/CD56/CD26) along with a rhodamine 110-conjugated dipeptide substrate that allows the measurement of DPP IV activity in phenotypically defined cells. We found normal human thymi to have notable differences in time-dependent DPP IV activity among the thymocyte subsets defined by their CD4/CD8 phenotype, with CD4−/CD8− thymocytes containing less DPP IV activity than cells expressing CD4 and/or CD8 (i.e., maturing). CD26 positivity was moderately intense in thymocytes and tended to identify cells with higher DPP IV activity. The four-color technique was also used to examine mature peripheral blood lymphocytes, along with an assortment of leukemias and transformed T-cell lines. These experiments revealed that while DPP IV was consistently evident in normal T cells, neoplastic T cells could vary in their expression patterns. Furthermore, the presence (or intensity) of surface CD26 in some abnormal T cells and certain normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells was separable from the level of DPP IV measured intracellularly. Our results established that multicolor cytofluorographic analysis can be a practical means to measure DPP IV activity in various human cell populations. Furthermore, we found that DPP IV activity could vary in T cells according to their differentiation status and that under certain circumstances surface CD26 expression can be disassociated from the level of measured enzyme (i.e., DPP IV) activity.

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