scholarly journals Statistical Comparison of Cloud and Aerosol Vertical Properties between Two Eastern China Regions Based on CloudSat/CALIPSO Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yujun Qiu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Keran Yang
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
The North ◽  
Warm Cloud ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

The relationship between cloud and aerosol properties was investigated over two 4° × 4° adjacent regions in the south (R1) and in the north (R2) in eastern China. The CloudSat/CALIPSO data were used to extract the cloud and aerosol profiles properties. The mean value of cloud occurrence probability (COP) was the highest in the mixed cloud layer (−40°C~0°C) and the lowest in the warm cloud layer (>0°C). The atmospheric humidity was more statistically relevant to COP in the warm cloud layer than aerosol condition. The differences in COP between the two regions in the mixed cloud layer and ice cloud layer (<−40°C) had good correlations with those in the aerosol extinction coefficient. A radar reflectivity factor greater than −10 dBZ occurred mainly in warm cloud layers and mixed cloud layers. A high-COP zone appeared in the above-0°C layer with cloud thicknesses of 2-3 km in both regions and in all the four seasons, but the distribution of the zonal layer in R2 was more continuous than that in R1, which was consistent with the higher aerosol optical thickness in R2 than in R1 in the above-0°C layer, indicating a positive correlation between aerosol and cloud probability.

scholarly journals AB0101 THE IMPACT OF TIME SPAN TO ACHIEVE BOOLEAN REMISSION FOR MAINTAINING DISEASE ACTIVITY AFTER ACQUISITION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1079.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Boolean remission criteria is one most popular and stringent criteria in treating patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because it may guarantees a stable clinical course after attaining remission.Objectives:Impact of time span from initiation to achieving Boolean remission on maintaining disease activity, daily activities, and quality of life after attaining Boolean remission was investigated from daily clinical practice data.Methods:685 patients with RA since August 2010 under the T2T strategy were treated. They were monitored for their TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, CRP, and disease activity indices such as CDAI, SDAI, DAS28, and Boolean criteria at every visit. HAQ-DI score, pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and EQ-5D were also monitored, and the quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from EQ-5D was determined at every visit from the time of diagnosis (baseline).Of 685 patients, 465 patients had achieved Boolean remission >1 times, and were consecutively followed up for >3 years. These patients were enrolled in the study. Time span from the first visit to first Boolean remission was calculated. The relationship between the time span and each of background parameters, and the relationship between the time span and each of the mean values of the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at the first Boolean remission and thereafter was evaluated statistically.Patients were subsequently divided into the G ≤ 6 and G > 6 groups based on the achievement of first Boolean remission within two groups: time span G ≤ 6 months and G > 6 months. The two groups were compared with regard to the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at first visit and at the time of first Boolean remission, and the mean values of these parameters after remission were evaluated statistically. Moreover, changes of these parameters and the mean Boolean remission rate after the first remission, and SDAI remission rate at the first Boolean remission to thereafter were compared between the two groups statistically.Results:Out of 465 patients, females comprised 343 (73.7%), and the mean age was 67.8 years (range, from 21–95 years). The mean disease duration at first visit was 6.1 years (range, from 1 months–45 years). The mean follow up length was 88.1 months (range: 36–122 months; median: 85 months) and mean time span from the first visit to the first Boolean remission was 8.1 months. The mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, and the QOLS at first visit were 13.3, 0.467, 33.2, and 0.834, respectively. Among the study parameters, PS-VAS and QOLS were significantly correlated with the time span. For parameters at the first Boolean remission, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, and QOLS demonstrated significant correlation with the time span, whereas SDAI, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS after the Boolean remission demonstrated significant correlation with the time span.The comparison between the G ≤ 6 and the G > 6 groups revealed that the disease duration, HAQ score, and PS-VAS at baseline in the G > 6 were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, and QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group at baseline. Similarly, the HAQ score and PS-VAS at the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, whereas QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group demonstrated no significant difference compared with that in the G > 6 group.The mean value of the SDAI score after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group. Similarly, the SDAI score, HAQ score, and PS-VAS after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were also significantly higher than those in the G ≤ 6 group, and the mean value of the QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group. The Boolean remission rate and SDAI remission rate after the first Boolean remission were significantly higher in the G ≤ 6 group than those in the G > 6 group.Conclusion:Attaining Boolean remission ≤ 6 months for RA has significant benefit for more stable disease control, that leads good maintenance of ADL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Localization of DNA in the fibrillar components of the nucleolus: a cytochemical and morphometric study.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Derenzini ◽  
F Farabegoli ◽  
D Trerè
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Dense Fibrillar Component ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fibrillar Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibrillar Component ◽  
Resting Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship

We studied the distribution of DNA in human circulating lymphocyte nucleoli using three different cytochemical methods for selective visualization of DNA in thin sections: the Feulgen-like osmium-ammine reaction, the NAMA-Ur procedure, and the osmium-ammine staining in glycine buffer, pH 1.5. All three methods indicated the presence of uniformly distributed, highly decondensed DNA filaments forming a large solitary agglomerate in the central part of the nucleolar area, corresponding to the solitary large fibrillar center (FC) as revealed by uranium and lead staining. We also studied the relationship between DNA agglomerates and nucleolar fibrillar components in resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes by morphometric analysis of the areas occupied by these structures. In resting lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.479 micron 2 +/- 0.161 SD, whereas that of FCs was 0.380 micron 2 +/- 0.149 SD, with a ratio of 1.26. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.116 micron 2 +/- 0.056 SD, whereas that of the FCs was 0.075 micron 2 +/- 0.032 SD, with a ratio of 1.55. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes we also measured the area occupied by the FCs plus the closely associated dense fibrillar component (DFC). The mean value of these two fibrillar components was 0.206 micron 2 +/- 0.081 SD. These data demonstrate that decondensed DNA filaments are uniformly distributed in the FCs and that in transcriptionally active nucleoli they are also present in the proximal portion of the DFC surrounding the FCs.

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals THE LUCK IN “TALENT VERSUS LUCK” MODELING

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050007
Author(s):  
SEAN ELVIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Model Variability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper further investigates the Talent versus Luck (TvL) model described by [Pluchino et al. Talent versus luck: The role of randomness in success and failure, Adv. Complex Syst. 21 (2018) 1850014] which models the relationship between ‘talent’ and ‘luck’ on the impact of an individuals career. It is shown that the model is very sensitive to both random sampling and the choice of value for the input parameters. Running the model repeatedly with the same set of input parameters gives a range of output values of over 50% of the mean value. The sensitivity of the inputs of the model is analyzed using a variance-based approach based upon generating Sobol sequences of quasi-random numbers. When using the model to look at the talent associated with an individual who has the maximum capital over a model run it has been shown that the choice for the standard deviation of the talent distribution contributes to 67% of the model variability. When investigating the maximum amount of capital returned by the model the probability of a lucky event at any given epoch has the largest impact on the model, almost three times more than any other individual parameter. Consequently, during the analysis of the model results one must keep in mind the impact that only small changes in the input parameters can have on the model output.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Degrees of Pre-Operative Anxiety With Pain and Post Operative Answer in Patients Who Undergo C-Section With Spinal Anesthesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
Boy Olifu Elniko Ginting ◽  
Akhyar Hamonangan Nasution ◽  
Soejat Harto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that is considered a fear of a threatening danger, often the threat is unknown and always includes various emotional and hemodynamic responses experienced by the organism prior to emotional stimulation. To determine the relationship between the degree of pre-operative anxiety with post-operative pain in patients undergoing cesarean sectio with spinal anesthesia techniques at H. Adam Malik Hospital. Descriptive analytic research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan from May to June 2020. The study population was all subjects scheduled to undergo sectio cesarea with spinal anesthesia at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. The total sample obtained was 28 patients. The normal test of numerical data test was used with the Spearman Correlation test. The research hypothesis was tested using the Mann-Whitney test. In the study conducted on 28 samples divided into 2 groups, it was found that there was a moderate and direct relationship between APAIS scores and VAS scores. Based on this study, it was found that the average preoperative APAIS score was 11.07 (± 3.79). And for the mean value of postoperative VAS is 2.37 (± 1.04). In the result of this study it was found that there was a moderate and unidirectional relationship to the APAIS score and this VAS score (p <0.05). While the preoperative APAIS score was 11.07 (± 3.79). And for the mean postoperative VAS-A value is 3.33 (± 1.03). In the result of this study also found that there is a strong and direct relationship in the APAIS score and this VASA score (p<0.05). There is a moderate and direct relationship between APAIS scores and this VAS score and that there is a strong and direct relationship in the APAIS score and this VAS-A score

Initiation of each avian inspiration by a CO2 threshold mechanism

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Miller ◽  
A. L. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Model ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Threshold Mechanism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Respiratory Movements

The avian respiratory oscillator has been investigated in a unidirectionally ventilated chicken by changing the dynamic pattern of inflow CO2 concentration (FCO2). Stimulation with periodic FCO2 results in a one-to-one synchronization of the respiratory movements that we have called pacing (Respir. Physiol. 22: 167--177, 1974). A two-parameter CO2 threshold model is proposed to explain this behavior. The model states that when FCO2 reaches a threshold level (L), it initiates the beginning of inspiration a constant time interval (LB) later. According to this model, when a triangular FCO2 concentration is used to synchronize the breathing pattern, the time from the minimum of the wave form to the beginning of inspiration (C-B interval) is dependent on the mean value and the rate of rise of FCO2 as determined by period and amplitude of the triangle. Particularly interesting is the prediction that the direction of the relationship (increasing or decreasing) between FCO2 amplitude and the C-B interval is dependent on whether the mean value of FCO2 is above or below the threshold level. Experimental data obtained during amplitude changes support the above prediction.

scholarly journals Articular Eminence Inclination, Height, and Condyle Morphology on Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilhan İlgüy ◽  
Mehmet İlgüy ◽  
Erdoğan Fişekçioğlu ◽  
Semanur Dölekoğlu ◽  
Nilüfer Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between articular eminence inclination, height, and thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) according to age and gender and to assess condyle morphology including incidental findings of osseous characteristics associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods. CBCT images of 105 patients were evaluated retrospectively. For articular eminence inclination and height, axial views on which the condylar processes were seen with their widest mediolateral extent being used as a reference view for secondary reconstruction. Condyle morphology was categorized both in the sagittal and coronal plane.Results. The mean values of eminence inclination and height of males were higher than those of females (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the RGF thickness in relation to sagittal condyle morphology. Among the group of OA, the mean value of the RGF thickness for “OA-osteophyte” group was the highest (1.59 mm), whereas the lowest RGF values were seen in the “OA-flattening.”Conclusion. The sagittal osteoarthritic changes may have an effect on RGF thickness by mechanical stimulation and changed stress distribution. Gender has a significant effect on eminence height (Eh) and inclination.

Relationship between Mean Value and Fourier Coefficients of a Time-Varying Function with Half-Period Rests: Theory and Application

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Jun-Yao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Coefficient ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Fourier Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Half Period ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The Fourier coefficients are investigated for such a periodic time function whose magnitude keeps constant during the time of every half-period. In this case the relationship between the mean value and the Fourier coefficients is achieved using appropriate mathematical theory. It was applied successfully to the study of torsional harmonic excitations due to gas pressure in a four-cycle IC engine. A formula relating the truncated Fourier coefficient series to MIP has been established with very little error. The series simulation of Fourier coefficients is utilized in the determination and analysis of excitations.

scholarly journals A Multifaceted Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking and Its Recent Linear Trend

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Croci-Maspoli ◽  
C. Schwierz ◽  
H. C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract A dynamically based climatology is derived for Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking events. Blocks are viewed as large amplitude, long-lasting, and negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies located beneath the dynamical tropopause. The derived climatology [based on the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] provides a concise, coherent, and illuminating description of the main physical characteristics of blocks and the accompanying linear trends. The latitude–longitude distribution of blocking frequency captures the standard bimodal geographical distribution with major peaks over the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific in all four seasons. The accompanying pattern for the age distribution, the genesis–lysis regions, and the track of blocks reveals that 1) younger blocks (1–4 days) are more prevalent at lower latitudes whereas significantly older blocks (up to 12 days) are located at higher latitudes; 2) genesis is confined predominantly to the two major ocean basins and in a zonal band between 40° and 50°N latitude, whereas lysis is more dispersed but with clear preference to higher latitudes; and 3) the general northeastward–west-northwest movement of blocks in the genesis–lysis phase also exhibits subtle seasonal and intra- and interbasin differences. Examination of the intensity and spatial-scale changes during the blocking life cycle suggests that in the mean a block’s evolution is independent of the genesis region and its eventual duration. A novel analysis of blocking trends reveals significant negative trends in winter over Greenland and in spring over the North Pacific. It is shown that the changes over Greenland are linked to the number of blocking episodes, whereas a neighboring trend signal to the south is linked to higher-frequency anticyclonic systems. Furthermore, evidence is adduced that changes in blocking frequency contribute seminally to tropopause height trends.

scholarly journals Estimation of the age-specific rate of natural mortality for Shetland sandeels

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Virtual Population ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Mean

Abstract It is generally difficult to obtain reliable direct estimates of natural mortality, M, from conventional fisheries data and stock assessments. However, as a result of the closure of the Shetland sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) fishery from 1991 to 1994 and in the absence of any significant fishery in other years, research vessel survey data offer a rare opportunity to obtain estimates of M directly. A model is described that assumes that M can be decomposed into an age effect and year effects. Application of the model to the survey data produces values of M that decline from 2.1 for 0-group fish to 0.6 at age 2. There is some indication of an increase for ages 4 and older. Although there does not appear to be an overall trend in the mean value of M for the period 1985–1999, the annual values change by up to 50%. The values calculated from the model are in line with estimates obtained for the North Sea from multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA).

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