scholarly journals Interaction between Soil Physicochemical Parameters and Earthworm Communities in Irrigated Areas with Natural Water and Wastewaters

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kourtel Ghanem Nadra ◽  
Kribaa Mohammed ◽  
El Hadef El Okki Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Water Treatment Station ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Our objective is to study interaction between physical and chemical properties of soils and their earthworm community characteristics in different areas irrigated by wastewaters and well waters. The fields have different topography and agricultural practices conditions and are located in two regions of Batna department (Eastern Algeria). Both regions are characterized by a semiarid climate with cold winters and Calcisol soils. Nine fields were subject of this study. Three of these fields are located in Ouled Si Slimane region whose irrigation is effectuated by natural waters of Kochbi effluent. The other six fields are located at edges of Wed El Gourzi, effluent from Batna city, and partially treated through water treatment station. The best rates of water saturation and infiltration as well as abundance of earthworms were recorded at sites characterized by irrigation with wastewaters downstream of El Gourzi effluent. PCA characterizes two major groups: a group of hydrodynamic infiltration parameters and structural index stability of soil, explained by fields irrigated with wastewaters downstream of El Gourzi effluent. This group includes chemical characteristics: pH and electric conductivity. The second group is the characteristics of earthworms and includes organic matter content, active limestone levels, and Shannon Biodiversity Index.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Studies on some zoosporic fungi in soils of Upper Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hassan ◽  
E. M. Fadl-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the present paper forty-five zoosporic members of the aquatic fungi as well as some unidentified species belonging to seventeen genera were recorded <i>Nowakowskiella, Saprolegnia, Pythium, Rhizohlyctis</i> and <i>Achlya</i> were the most common genera of occurrence. Some physical and chemical properties of soil such as temperature calcium content total soluble salts and organic matter content are positively correlated with the of population zoosporic fungal.

scholarly journals Hydroponic Growth Media (Substrate): A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
S. T. Patil ◽  
U. S. Kadam ◽  
M. S. Mane ◽  
D. M. Mahale ◽  
J. S. Dhekale
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
The Media ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Physical And Chemical

From the reviewed literature, it is observed that scientist’s worked on the various substrate medias used for hydroponic system. They also studied about different combinations of the media and their effect on crop growth. The reviewed literature shows that scientists have studied different organic and inorganic media viz. cocopit, saw dust, rice husk vermiculite, perlite, hydroton, pumice, sand etc. It was also found that these media are not easily, cheaply and locally available for users. Beside this, few scientists studied about physical and chemical properties of media such as particle size, porosity, bulk density, wettability, water holding capacity (WHC), Air filled porosity (AFP), Electrical conductivity, pH of these media. The crop specific suitability of combinations of the different media mixtures were also tested and reported by many scientists. It was revealed from reviewed literature that salinity of media caused linear reduction in the water consumption. The size and shape of particle size distribution are useful for estimating the hydraulic properties of the media The substrate under long cultivation period causes increase of organic matter content and microorganism activity which leads to an increased competition for oxygen in the root environment. The optimal EC levels range from 1.5 to 4.0 dSm-1 according to crop and its sensitivity to different salinity levels. It was also observed that level of growing medium temperature close to that of the surrounding air seems more suitable. The ideal substrate should have a total porosity of over 85 percent. Particles of smaller-sized individual grains have a larger specific surface area.

Soil Improvement Following Addition of Chipped Wood from Twigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lalande ◽  
Valentin Furlan ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Gilles Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractWood residues are applied to soils to improve their organic matter content and related biological, physical, and chemical properties. We monitored the changes in soil total C and N content, the bacterial, fungal and actinomycetal populations, and microbial biomass and activity during 20 weeks in the first season following the application of chipped wood from twigs (CWT), and as residual effects during the second growing season on a loamy soil (coarse loamy, mixed, frigid, Humic Fragiorthod) in Sainte-Brigitte-des-Saults (Québec) Canada. Wet-aggregate stability and the content of nutrients of the soil also were determined. Adding CWT stimulated the bacterial and actinomycetal populations very rapidly (within 8 weeks); in the second season the effect was less pronounced and gradually disappeared. The most significant and long-lasting effect was on the fungal population in two consecutive years of observation, with increases of up to 24-fold. This stimulation of fungi possibly was responsible for the large and significant increase in wet-aggregate stability observed in the second year. The effect of CWT on alkaline phosphatase activity and total C and N was observed only in the second season. Someimmobilization was seen only in the season immediately following residue application. The addition of the CWT also supplied micronutrients, in particular Zn, which would make it a useful source of some elements in deficient soils. Application of CWT to this soil greatly improved its quality, as revealed by its biological, chemical, and physical attributes.

scholarly journals Chemical properties of soils treated with biological sludge from gelatin industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Melo Guimarães ◽  
Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz ◽  
Manoel Evaristo Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
The Impact

The impact of agro-industrial organic wastes in the environment can be reduced when used in agriculture. From the standpoint of soil fertility, residue applications can increase the organic matter content and provide nutrients for plants. This study evaluated the effect of biological sludge from gelatin industry on the chemical properties of two Ultisols (loamy sand and sandy clay) and an Oxisol (clay). The experiment lasted 120 days and was carried out in laboratory in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, combining the three soils and six biological sludge rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m³ ha-1), with three replications. Biological sludge rates of up to 500 m³ ha-1 decreased soil acidity and increased the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) and N, Ca, Mg, and P availability, without exceeding the tolerance limit for Na. The increase in exchangeable base content, greater than the effective CEC, indicates that the major part of cations added by the sludge remains in solution and can be lost by leaching.

Herbicide Phytotoxicity as Affected by Selected Properties of North Carolina Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Harrison ◽  
J. B. Weber ◽  
J. V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Preemergence applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluro-m-tolyl)urea], propachlor (3-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were compared in 10 North Carolina soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Carolee’) were used as the indicator plant in bioassays under greenhouse conditions. Fifteen soil properties were measured and correlated with herbicide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with herbicide phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between herbicide water solubility and inactivation by organic matter. Volume weight determinations and water holding capacity values (0.1 bar) provided relatively good estimates of soil organic matter contents, but were not as highly related to herbicide activity as organic matter content.

scholarly journals Characterization of some physical and chemical properties of post-bog soils developed from limnic deposits in vicinity of lake Dubie (Western Pomerania, NW Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Jarnuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nw Poland ◽  
Bog Soils

AbstractPost-bog soils developed from limnic calcareous sediments are closely related to a young-glacial landscape and postglacial lakes in Northern Poland. The studies conducted in 2010–2012 on post-bog soils near lake Dubie (Równina Drawska, NW Poland), partially used as an arable land. The goal of research was to characterise some chemical and physical properties of post-bog soils developed from carbonate deposits near lake Dubie. The soils of the analysed area developed from lacustrine chalk and calcareous gyttja belong to black earth and mucky soils. Organic matter content in surface horizons ranged from 5.0 to 14.2%, content of CaCO3from 27.2 to 55.2%, the highest carbonate content was found in arable soil. The soils of the study area were characterised by a narrow C/N ratio, low level of total form of P and a high content of Ca. Specific density of surface horizons was in the range 2.49 to 2.58 Mg · m−3, bulk density from 0.445 to 1.212 Mg · m−3. High porosity was also found in the examined formations, from 0.826 in surface horizons and 0.700 m3· m−3in limnic deposits.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO CULTIVATED AND FORESTED ORTHIC PODZOLS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. F. MILLETTE ◽  
R. G. LEGER ◽  
R. E. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soils cultivated for 60 yr were compared with uncultivated forested soils at 10 sites in Appalachian Quebec. All soils belonged to the Humo-Ferric Podzol Great Group, five sets of comparisons being located on the Ascot soil series and five on the Greensboro. Comparisons were made between corresponding soil horizons, analytical data being derived from the bulking and analysis of six sample cores per horizon. Cultivation increased weight of soil in the solum and in the whole profile of both the Greensboro and the two soil series combined; bulk density was slightly affected. Field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water of the surface and sub-surface layers, in the solum and in the whole profile, were significantly increased by cultivation. The increase of available water was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in gravitational water. The content fine clay was significantly decreased in the surface layer and in the solum, while it was increased significantly in the C horizon by cultivation which also decreased the acidity of the surface and sub-surface in both series. There was a marked increase in organic matter content, but the level of fulvic acid was relatively unaffected by cultivation, indicating that the increased H/F ratio was primarily due to an increase in humic acid. Generally, Al content was not significantly changed, while significant increases in Fe and Mn were observed in the surface and solum of cultivated profiles. A deduction is made that cultivation has regraded podzol profiles into Dystric Brunisol ones which have started to evolve already toward kinds of Luvisolic profiles.

scholarly journals Reed rootfelt for constructed wetlands

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Imants Plume
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Oscillating Saw ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The resources of lakes' overgrowth biomass increases in result of eutrofication process inmore than 2000 lakes in Latvia. Usage of lake reed rootfelt for filling of constructed wetlandscan improve leachate treatment at a beginning period of operation and especially applicable intreatment plants with limited area. Physical and chemical properties of Reed rootfelt of lakeZebras were investigated to evaluate possibilities for rootfelt usage in constructed wetlands.The Reed rootfelt coalesces with the ground in coastal zone and is floating in the deeper areasof lake. Thickness of floating reed rootfelt layer varies from 0.25 to 0.8 m. Density (withoutgravitational water) of reed rootfelt varies from 550 kg/ml at a surface to 1058 kg/m' indeeper layers if the rootfelt coalesces with ground. Investigated average density is 505 kg/mland 814 kg/ml for floated overgrowth and rootfelt coalesced with ground respectively. Themoisture content (without gravitational water, dry basis) of freshly removed floated rootfeltchanges from 523 % at a surface to 706 % in deeper layer. If rootfelt was dried and moistenedonce more, moisture content remain practically same at a surface (498 %) and decreases 3times in deeper layer (226 %). Investigated average organic matter content were 77 % forfloating rootfelt and 49 % for rootfelt coalescing with ground. The specific energy of rootfeltcutting is 8,6 kJ/m2 for oscillating saw, 18.1 kJ/m2 for vertical blade and IO kJ/m2 for bladesloped in 45°. Acceptable technology for rootfelt removal includes partitioning of overgrowthin pieces and/or layers by manually operated or powered cutters and floating of pieces ofrootfelt to coastal stockpile. Pre-treatment of rootfelt includes washing out of inorganicsediments, draining of the excess (gravitational) water and drying slightly only, to preservegrowing ability of rootfelt. Thickness of rootfelt pieces can be increased for filling of areaclose to inlets in constructed wetlands to provide additional structure for enchancedflocculation and sedimentation. Methods of rootfelt pieces removal, handling andtransportation avoid destruction of removed biomass and ensure high initial growing ability.

scholarly journals Utilization of Brachiarias in the Improvement of Physical and Chemical Attributes of a Yellow Oxisol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cássio Ricardo Gonçalves da Costa ◽  
Stella Silva Prazeres ◽  
Patricia Venâncio da Silva ◽  
Kilmer Oliveira Soares ◽  
Ailson de Lima Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study evaluated the effect of the cultivation of five species of grasses of the genus Brachiaria (B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha, B. humidicola and B. brizantha CV MG-5) in physical and chemical properties and in the formation and stabilization of aggregates of a Yellow Oxisol. The test with the grasses in the absence and presence of fertilization was conducted in the Chã de Jardim area, belonging to the Centro de Ciências Agrárias-UFPB, located in the county Areia-PB. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with subdivided parcels, in factorial scheme 5 × 2 × 4, with four repetitions, being: five species of Grass (Braquiarias), two conditions of mineral fertilization with NPK (absence or presence) and four depths of soil samples collection (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm), totaling 40 subplots of 5.0 × 5.0 m, with 3 repetitions, totaling 120 sampling points. The grasses favored the formation of aggregates and contributed to their stability. Brachiaria brizantha is the most suitable grass to raise the organic matter content of an Oxisol without mineral fertilization.

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