scholarly journals Effects of Polyphenol Intake on Metabolic Syndrome: Current Evidences from Human Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Chiva-Blanch ◽  
Lina Badimon
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Polyphenol Intake ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several epidemiological studies have observed a negative association between polyphenol intake and MetS rates. Nevertheless, there are relatively small numbers of interventional studies evidencing this association. This review is focused on human interventional trials with polyphenols as polyphenol-rich foods and dietary patterns rich in polyphenols in patients with MetS. Current evidence suggests that polyphenol intake has the potential to alleviate MetS components by decreasing body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose and by improving lipid metabolism. Therefore, high intake of polyphenol-rich foods such as nuts, fruits, vegetables, seasoning with aromatic plants, spices, and virgin olive oil may be the cornerstone of a healthy diet preventing the development and progression of MetS, although there is no polyphenol or polyphenol-rich food able to influence all MetS features. However, inconsistent results have been found in different trials, and more long-term randomized trials are warranted to develop public health strategies to decrease MetS rates.

scholarly journals The Fetal Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Intervene?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Ma ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Fetal Origins ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Life

Epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic programming begins during fetal life and adverse eventsin uteroare a critical factor in the etiology of chronic diseases and overall health. While the underlying molecular mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to these adult diseases are being elucidated, little is known about how we can intervene early in life to diminish the incidence and severity of these long-term diseases. This paper highlights the latest clinical and pharmaceutical studies addressing how dietary intervention in fetal and neonatal life may be able to prevent aspects of the metabolic syndrome associated with IUGR pregnancies.

scholarly journals Vitamin C and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Guo ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Yusheng Li ◽  
Jieyu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Background: The association between vitamin C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above issue.Methods: The observational studies on the associations of dietary and circulating (serum and plasma) vitamin C levels with MetS were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase database up to April 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary and circulating vitamin C levels and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary and circulating vitamin C levels for MetS vs. control subjects were calculated, respectively.Results: A total of 28 observational studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Specifically, 23 studies were related to the dietary vitamin C level. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97; P = 0.003). Moreover, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.01; P = 0.024). With regard to the circulating vitamin C level, 11 studies were included. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the circulating vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.74; P < 0.001). In addition, the overall combined SMD showed that the circulating vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD=-0.82, 95%CI: −1.24 to −0.40; P < 0.001).Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that both dietary and circulating vitamin C level is inversely associated with MetS. However, due to the limitation of the available evidence, more well-designed prospective studies are still needed.

scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6110
Author(s):  
Shiyao Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Xu ◽  
Wenxiang Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Siyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals The neurological risks of playing association football

JRSM Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 205427042110555
Author(s):  
Oliver C Cockerell ◽  
Natalie Iino Hayes ◽  
Richard Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Association Football ◽  
Controversial Area

Summary Aims: The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the literature surrounding concussion and head injury in football and its clarity in evaluating the risk of long-term neurological disease. Findings: Epidemiological studies have shown correlations between participation in professional football and increased incidence of neurodegenerative disease and there have been reports of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in the brains of former players in autopsy. These findings have been assumed by some to be the result of repetitive brain injury from head injuries and/or from heading the ball over a player's career. Data linking increased heading exposure with dementia is conflicting, and studies are limited by the reliance on retrospection and undocumented reports of concussion. It remains unclear whether CTE is unique to sportsmen or a variant of dementia pathology endemic in the population. Conclusions: Although logically appealing, there is no current evidence that heading is the cause of neurodegeneration amongst footballers and risks should be balanced by the protective mental and physical benefits of the sport. Physicians have an important role in providing balanced views in this emotive and controversial area.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13047
Author(s):  
Elsi Haverinen ◽  
Mariana F. Fernandez ◽  
Vicente Mustieles ◽  
Hanna Tolonen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
European Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing a significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized lifestyle-related MetS risk factors. This review aims to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and eight HBM4EU priority substances (bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and mercury)). Thus far, human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented evidence supporting the role of EDC exposures on the development of individual MetS components. The strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs is still limited and heterogeneous, and mainly represent studies from North America and Asia, highlighting the need for well-conducted and harmonized HBM programmes among the European population. Rigorous and ongoing HBM in combination with health monitoring can help to identify the most concerning EDC exposures, to guide future risk assessment and policy actions.

Risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome in multiple sclerosis – a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inez Wens ◽  
Ulrik Dalgas ◽  
Egon Stenager ◽  
Bert O Eijnde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Despite many epidemiological studies examining comorbidity in people with multiple sclerosis (pMS), there are conflicting opinions on whether pMS are at more or less risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome compared with the general population. As pMS can now expect longer survival, this as an important question both at an individual and public health level. This study aimed to systematically review the literature linking MS to CVD risks and to the risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome. This systematic review is based on a comprehensive literature search of six databases (Swemed+, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro and CINAHL). In total 34 studies were identified. Despite the high number of identified papers, only limited and inconsistent data exist on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and MS. Overall, the data suggest an increased CVD risk in pMS. From the existing studies it is not clear whether the increased risk of CVD is related to an increased risk of obesity or changes in body composition, hypertension, dyslipidemia or type II diabetes in pMS, indicating the need for future research in the field, if we are to advise pMS adequately in avoiding preventable comorbidity.

Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer in PCOS: Arguments for and Against

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Daimin Wei ◽  
Zi-Jiang Chen ◽  
Jinlong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

AbstractIn vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common infertility treatment for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who have failed to conceive in ovulation induction and who have other concomitant infertility factors. Women with PCOS tend to have an excess response to ovarian stimulation during IVF. Freeze-all strategy with deferred frozen embryo transfer was initially used to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in patients with a high risk. New evidence from randomized trials showed elective frozen embryo transfer in PCOS women with a low risk of OHSS could also lower the incidence of OHSS, improve live birth rate mainly by decreasing pregnancy loss, and increase birth weight of singleton infants compared with fresh embryo transfer. However, the risk of preeclampsia was higher after frozen than fresh embryo transfer. Observational studies and limited randomized trials showed the risks of other obstetric outcomes and long-term safety profile after frozen embryo transfers were at least as good as that after fresh embryo transfer. Summarily, current evidence showed elective freeze-all and frozen embryo transfer is generally superior to fresh embryo transfer to achieve live birth in women with PCOS; however, its effect on obstetric outcome and long-term outcome warrants further studies.

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