scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Thyroid Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Celano ◽  
Francesca Rosignolo ◽  
Valentina Maggisano ◽  
Valeria Pecce ◽  
Michelangelo Iannone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Prognostic Evaluation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Optimal management of patients with thyroid cancer requires the use of sensitive and specific biomarkers. For early diagnosis and effective follow-up, the currently available cytological and serum biomarkers, thyroglobulin and calcitonin, present severe limitations. Research on microRNA expression in thyroid tumors is providing new insights for the development of novel biomarkers that can be used to diagnose thyroid cancer and optimize its management. In this review, we will examine some of the methods commonly used to detect and quantify microRNA in biospecimens from patients with thyroid tumor, as well as the potential applications of these techniques for developing microRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of thyroid cancers.

scholarly journals Ptimary thyroid lymphomas and other rare thyroid tumors

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Diklic ◽  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Ksenija Krgovic ◽  
Rastko Zivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Local Relapse ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Palsy

Primary thyroid lymphomas are rare. Surgery is seldom indicated. The aim of the study is to find out the main characteristics of primary thyroid lymphomas in our patients, indications for surgery and the possibility of treatment, frequency and characteristics of rare thyroid tumors. Method: retrospective study of 1044 patient operated for malignant thyroid tumor. Results: From 1995 to may 2003, we operated upon 15 patients with primary thyroid lymphomas, 2 men and 13 women mean age of 50.12 years (from 22 to 74 years), also one patient of age 69 with insular thyroid cancer. Reason for surgery was thyroid tumor in all, compressive disturbances in 9, among them 4 with asphyxia. Radical total thyroidectomy was performed in 4 (26.7%), whole in others some residual tumor tissue was could not be removed in spite of thyroidectomy in 3, hemithyroidectomy in 2, tumor debulking in 5 and only open biopsy was performed in one patient. There was no operative mortality, no postoperative hypocalcaemia and no recurrent nerve palsy. Histological type of tumor was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 13 patients, Hodgkin disease in 2 female patients of age 22 and 24. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 3 patients. After surgery, 13 patients were treated with chemotherapy, one patient died one month after the operation and one patient refused chemotherapy. Follow-up data are available for 9 patients and the mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-48months). Three patients died after a month, 2 and 3 years after surgery. Six patients are without local relapse. In one patient who refused chemotherapy, a year after thyroid surgery, resection of large intestine was performed because of lymphoma of the colon. Conclusion: Malignant thyroid lymphomas are rare. They present with rapidly growing thyroid tumor, compression and asphyxia. Surgery is only temporarily effective and it is necessary to start with chemo-radiotherapy as soon as possible. Rare forms of thyroid cancer have to be histological recognized in order to choose the best way of treatment.

scholarly journals Serum biomarkers confirming stable remission in inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kessel ◽  
Miha Lavric ◽  
Toni Weinhage ◽  
Markus Brueckner ◽  
Sytze de Roock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have a chronic-remittent course. Optimal management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) relies on early intervention, treat-to-target strategies and a tight disease control. However, it is challenging to assess the risk of relapses in individual patients. We investigated blood-based biomarkers for the confirmation of disease remission in patients with IBD. We retrospectively analyzed samples of 40 IBD patients (30 UC, 10 CD) enrolled in a tight-control follow-up study. Half of the patients had a flare during follow up. Serum was analyzed for S100A12 as well as S100A8/A9 and for 50 further biomarkers in a bead-based multiplex assay. The concentrations of 9 cytokines/chemokines and S100A8/A9 significantly differed in IBD patients with unstable remission (before flares) when compared to IBD patients with stable remission. Although the number of patients was small, ROC curve analyses revealed a number of biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL13, IL-15, IL-21, IL-25, IFN-β, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, Galectin-1, G-CSF and S100A8/A9) that were elevated in patients with later occurring relapses. While earlier studies on peripheral biomarkers in IBD are limited to only few analytes, our study using a broad screening approach identified serum biomarkers with the potential to indicate unstable disease control in IBD, which may help to steer individual therapies to maintain remission.

scholarly journals Frequency of various types of neoplasia in a group of acromegalic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bolfi ◽  
Helio Amante Miot ◽  
Mariangela Resende ◽  
Glaucia M. S. F. Mazeto ◽  
Fernando Gomes Romeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Tumors

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid tumor, and skin cancer in all acromegalic patients in follow-up at the Clinics Hospital - Botucatu Medical School, from 2005 to 2011. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These patients were evaluated retrospectively for colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, dermatological, and thyroid tumors. RESULTS: Of 29 patients included at the beginning of the study, two were excluded. Among 19 patients submitted to colonoscopy, one presented colon adenocarcinoma (5%). Thyroid nodules were present in 63% of patients, and papilliferous carcinoma was confirmed in two patients (7,7%). Four patients were confirmed as having primary hyperparathyroidism (15%). The most common dermatologic lesions were thickened skin (100%), acrochordons (64%), epidermal cysts (50%), and pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (50%). Only one patient presented basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of acromegalic patients was studied, our findings confirm the high frequency of thyroid neoplasias and primary hyperparathyroidism in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Lack of Mutations in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) α and β Genes but Frequent Hypermethylation of the TRβ Gene in Differentiated Thyroid Tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 4766-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biju Joseph ◽  
Meiju Ji ◽  
Dingxie Liu ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Mingzhao Xing
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas

Abstract Context: It remains inconclusive whether mutations in thyroid hormone receptor (TR) genes naturally occur in thyroid cancer and whether these genes could be suppressors of this cancer. Objectives: Our objectives were to examine further mutations of TRα and TRβ genes in thyroid cancer and also to examine their methylation as an epigenetic silencing mechanism in thyroid cancer. Experimental Design: Instead of using a cDNA sequencing approach used in previous studies, we used genomic DNA to sequence directly the coding regions of the TRα and TRβ genes to search mutations in various differentiated thyroid tumors and used methylation-specific PCR to analyze promoter methylation of these genes. Allelic zygosity status at TRβ was also analyzed. Results: We found no TRα gene mutation in 17 papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) and 11 follicular thyroid cancers (FTCs), and no TRβ gene mutation in 16 PTCs and 12 FTCs. We also found no methylation of the TRα gene in 33 PTCs, 31 FTCs, 20 follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs), and 10 thyroid tumor cell lines. In contrast, we found hypermethylation of the TRβ gene in 10 of 29 (34%) PTCs, 22 of 27 (81%) FTCs, five of 20 (25%) follicular thyroid adenomas, and three of 10 (30%) thyroid tumor cell lines, with the highest prevalence in FTC. We additionally examined loss of heterozygosity at TRβ and found it in three of nine (33%) PTCs and three of nine (33%) FTCs. Conclusions: Mutation is not common in TR genes, whereas hypermethylation of the TRβ gene as an alternative gene silencing mechanism is highly prevalent in thyroid cancer, particularly FTC, consistent with a possible tumor suppressor role of this gene for FTC.

Serum biomarkers for thyroid cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-815
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Qiang Jia ◽  
Jian Tan ◽  
Zhaowei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Biomarker ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Interference

The high prevalence of thyroid cancer requires a reliable serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring. Serum thyroglobulin has been established as the primary postoperative and postablative monitoring biomarker for this malignancy. However, the presence of thyroglobulin antibody imposes a significant interference on its overall management, which cannot be diminished by currently available assays. Trends on the level of the thyroglobulin antibody during follow-up is considered as a surrogate biomarker, but controversy exists. A variety of alternative biomarkers are being proposed and investigated, nevertheless, clinical trials and prospective validations are needed before they can be regarded as clinically viable serum parameters for thyroid cancer.

Postmenopausal Ovarian Cyst

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kalogiannidis
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Adnexal Pathology ◽  
Ovarian Masses

Ovarian masses (tumors) are very often in gynaecological daily practice. Almost 5%-10% of the women worldwide receive operative procedures for ovarian pathology. The risk related to ovarian cancer is increased from 3d to 8th decade of woman's life. However, in 80% of the ovarian pathology, the etiology will be of benign origin (cystic, solid, or mixed). The accurate follow-up of patients with adnexal pathology may contribute the early diagnosis of the disease and the improvement of prognosis in a case of malignancy. Optimal management of cysts in postmenopausal women remains challenging. The chapter aims to summarize current clinical evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of such a pathology.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Natrium Iodide Symporter Expressions in Thyroid Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Aisyah Elliyanti ◽  
Rony Rustam ◽  
Tofrizal Tofrizal ◽  
Yenita Yenita ◽  
Yayi D. Billianti Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells ◽  
Positive Controls

BACKGROUND: Decreased Natrium iodide symporter (NIS) expression levels or diminished NIS targeting thyroid cancer cells’ plasma membrane leads to radioiodine-refractory disease. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the NIS expression in thyroid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were thyroid tissues of patients who underwent surgery for a thyroid tumor. The tissues were processed for NIS protein expressions by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). Graves’ disease samples were used as positive controls. The samples were incubated without the primary antibody, and they were used as negative controls for IHC examination. Na+/K+ ATPase was a plasma membrane protein marker in the WB procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-nine samples were assessed for NIS protein. All of them showed the expression in the cytoplasm with intensity 1+ to 3+ with Allred score 3-8. Fourteen out of 29 cases (48.2%) showed NIS cytoplasm staining intensity ≥2+ consist of 10 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), three follicular thyroid cancer, and one adenoma. Membrane staining was found in 2 samples of PTC (6.9%). Six samples (adenoma 1 sample, PTC 5 samples) showed NIS expression at membrane very weak (1+); they were considered as negative. NIS protein has several bands of ~ 80 kDa, ~ 62 kDa, and ~ 49 kDa. CONCLUSION: NIS expression in thyroid cancer mostly expresses in the cytoplasm instead of the membrane. NIS will play a functional role in the membrane to bring iodine across the membrane against the concentration. It can be the main reason for the lack of response of radioiodine in some differentiated thyroid cancers.

Derangement of p53 and MDM2 is involved in transformation of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5556-5556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Wiseman ◽  
H. Masoudi ◽  
P. Niblock ◽  
D. Turbin ◽  
A. Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
P53 Overexpression ◽  
Anaplastic Transformation ◽  
Mdm2 Overexpression

5556 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer arises as a consequence of tumor progression, or transformation, from pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer. Mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene represents a common event in thyroid tumor progression. MDM2 encodes a protein that complexes with p53, downregulates its function, and leads to its degradation via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in p53 and MDM2 expression in the transformation of differentiated to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Of 94 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer diagnosed and treated in British Columbia Canada over a 20 year period (1984–2004) 32 cases (34%) had adequate tissue available for evaluation and 12 of these cases had associated foci of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A tissue microarray was constructed from these 12 anaplastic thyroid tumors and their associated differentiated foci. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to evaluate expression of p53 and MDM2 by these tumors. Results: There was decreased expression of p53 and MDM2 by the anaplastic tumors when compared to the differentiated thyroid tumors from which they evolved. The expression of p53 and MDM2 was 17% and 8%, respectively, by the differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and 83% and 25%, respectively, by the anaplastic tumors. Evaluating the anaplastic cancers and the differentiated foci from which they evolved, p53 overexpression developed in 8 (67%) of tumors and MDM2 overexpression developed in 3 (25%) of tumors. All the anaplastic tumors that developed MDM2 overexpression also concurrently developed p53 overexpression. Conclusions: This report is the first to demonstrate derangement of p53, and its regulator, MDM2, is involved in the transformation of a subset of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid tumors. Isolated MDM2 overexpression does not appear to play an important role in anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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