scholarly journals Characterization of Recharge Mechanisms and Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Ras Jbel Coastal Aquifer (Northeast Tunisia) Using Hydrogeochemical Tools, Environmental Isotopes, GIS, and Statistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Hammami Abidi ◽  
Boutheina Farhat ◽  
Abdallah Ben Mammou ◽  
Naceur Oueslati
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater is among the most available water resources in Tunisia; it is a vital natural resource in arid and semiarid regions. Located in north-eastern Tunisia, the Metline-Ras Jbel-Raf Raf aquifer is a mio-plio-quaternary shallow coastal aquifer, where groundwater is the most important source of water supply. The major ion hydrochemistry and environmental isotope composition (δ18O, δ2H) were investigated to identify the recharge sources and processes that affect the groundwater salinization. The combination of hydrogeochemical, isotopic, statistical, and GIS approaches demonstrates that the salinity and the groundwater composition are largely controlled by the water-rock interaction particularly the dissolution of evaporate minerals and the ion exchange process, the return flow of the irrigation water, agricultural fertilizers, and finally saltwater intrusion which started before 1980 and which is partially mitigated by the artificial recharge since 1993. As for the stable isotope signatures, results showed that groundwater samples lay on and around the local meteoric water line LMWL; hence, this arrangement signifies that the recharge of the Ras Jbel aquifer is ensured by recent recharge from Mediterranean air masses.

scholarly journals Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otman EL Mountassir ◽  
Mohammed Bahir ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
Paula M. Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

AbstractThe city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on the Origins of Groundwater Salinization in Çarşamba Coastal Aquifer (North Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdourazakou MAMAN HASSAN ◽  
Arzu Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Process ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the origins of salinization and the main hydrogeochemical process that controls the chemistry of Çarşamba coastal aquifer in Turkey. Therefore, a total of 33 groundwater samples and three seawater samples were analyzed in the coastal region of Çarşamba Plain in July 2019 and for these samples’ physical parameters, major ions and environmental isotopes (δ18O, δ2H and 3H) values were determined. Piper, Chadha, Gibbs diagrams and Stuyfzand Classification Systems were used to determine the origins of salinization and the key hydrogeochemical process controlling the groundwater chemistry. According to Stuyfzand classification system, the study showed that the freshwater and fresh-brackish water main types are the most widespread in the study area. Six water subtypes were observed in the study area that include CaHCO3, CaMix, NaMix, NaCl, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3. In addition, the subtypes CaMix indicated the locations of the transition zone, where the groundwater rich in Ca and HCO3 and gradually enriched in Na changes from CaMix with HCO3 as dominant anion to eventually CaCl and NaCl subtypes. Furthermore, the subtypes NaMix, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3 showed the locations of the transition zone where the flushing of the saline aquifer by freshwater takes place. All groundwater samples from study area had a positive cation exchange code and show that four hydrogeochemical facies composed of CaHCO3; Ca-Mg-Cl and NaCl and NaHCO3. Besides, groundwater samples have been influenced by two main mechanisms: the water-rock interaction and evaporation-crystallization. According to δ18O, δ2H and 3H analysis, the water samples have meteoric origin, shallow circulation, and a short residence time.

scholarly journals Coastal Aquifer Salinization in Semi-Arid Regions: The Case of Grombalia (Tunisia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Siwar Kammoun ◽  
Rim Trabelsi ◽  
Viviana Re ◽  
Kamel Zouari
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Groundwater Mineralization

Groundwater resources are facing increasing pressure especially in semi-arid regions where they often represent the main freshwater resource to sustain human needs. Several aquifers in the Mediterranean basin suffer from salinization and quality degradation. This study provides an assessment of Grombalia coastal aquifer (Tunisia) based on multidisciplinary approach that combines chemical and isotopic (δ2H, δ18O, 3H, 14C and δ13C) methods to characterize the relation between groundwater quality variation and aquifer recharge. The results indicate that total dissolved solids exceed 1000 mg/L in the most of samples excepting the recharge area. In addition to water–rock interaction, evaporation and nitrate pollution contributing to groundwater mineralization, the reverse cation exchange process constitute an important mechanism controlling groundwater mineralization with enhancing risk of saltwater intrusion. Environmental isotope tracers reveal that groundwater is evolving within an open system to close system. A significant component of recent water that is recharging Grombalia aquifer system is confirmed by applying correction models based on the δ13C values and 14C activities and tritium contents. However, this recharge, which is mainly associated to the return flow of irrigation water, contributes to the groundwater salinization, especially for the shallow aquifer.

Hydrochemical Characterisation and Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation uses in Semiarid Region of Nashik, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Wagh ◽  
Dipak Panaskar ◽  
Manesh Aamalawar ◽  
Yogesh Lolage ◽  
Shrikant Mukate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Suitability ◽  
Positive Loading

Hydrochemical investigation was undertaken in the Kadava river basin to ascertain the groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. In this context, forty (40) representative groundwater samples were collected from different dug/bore wells based on their importance in drinking and analyzed. Physicochemical parameters like pH, EC and TDS; cations viz., Ca, Mg, Na and K; and anions include CO3, HCO3, SO4, NO3, F, Cl were determined to authenticate the groundwater suitability for drinking. According to BIS, pH (15%), TDS (27.5%), TH (27.5%), Mg (45%), Na (15%), Cl (2.5%), NO3 (52.5%) and F (2.5%) samples exceed the permissible limit (PL); hence, unfit for drinking. The positive loading of TDS and TH is influenced by the content of Mg, Na, Cl and SO4 ions. The increased concentration of Na over Ca corresponds to the ion exchange process. The irrigation indices like SAR, Na (%), RSC, MAR, KR and SSP were considered to evaluate groundwater aptness for irrigation. According to SAR and RSC classification all groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. MAR ratio suggests 97.5% samples are unfit for irrigation. The study advocates that, those aquifers which are awkward then particular remedial measures required prior to their beneficial use.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater and Suitability Analysis for Domestic and Agricultural Utility in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3589
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Chunli Su ◽  
Abdur Rashid ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Reverse Ion Exchange ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater is a critical water supply for safe drinking water, agriculture, and industry worldwide. In the Khanewal district of Punjab, Pakistan, groundwater has severely deteriorated during the last few decades due to environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, 68 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for their main ions and trace elements to investigate the suitability of groundwater sources for drinking and agricultural purposes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were employed to determine the major factors influencing groundwater quality. To assess the groundwater’s appropriateness for drinking and irrigation, drinking and agricultural indices were used. The pH of the groundwater samples ranged from 6.9 to 9.2, indicating that the aquifers were slightly acidic to alkaline. The major cations were distributed as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. Meanwhile, the anions are distributed as follows: HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > F−. The main hydrochemical facies were identified as a mixed type; however, a mixed magnesium, calcium, and chloride pattern was observed. The reverse ion exchange process helps in exchanging Na+ with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the groundwater system. Rock weathering processes, such as the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals, dominated the groundwater hydrochemistry. According to the Weight Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), 50% of the water samples were unsafe for drinking. The Wilcox diagram, USSL diagram, and some other agricultural indices resulted in around 32% of the groundwater samples being unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The Khanewal’s groundwater quality was vulnerable due to geology and the influence of anthropogenic activities. For groundwater sustainability in Khanewal, management strategies and policies are required.

scholarly journals SEAWATER INTRUSION AND NITRATE POLLUTION IN COASTAL AQUIFER OF MARATHON BASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Papazotos ◽  
I. Koumantakis ◽  
E. Vasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The overexploitation of groundwater and groundwater salinization cause quantitative and qualitative degradation of the water resources. The objectives of this research are to identify and investigate the extent of seawater intrusion and nitrate pollution into the coastal plain of Marathon in Eastern Attica, Greece. In the frame of this, 25 groundwater samples were collected in October 2014 from the study area and analyzed regarding the main parameters that indicated salinization of the aquifers. Specifically, water chemical analyses were carried out and statistical analyses regarding spatial distribution were performed. The results demonstrated increased values of the parameters which can be associated with seawater intrusion. Considering and evaluating the results from the chemical analyses it is obvious that seawater intrusion takes place in the area. Furthermore, the average concentration of NO3- was 44.16mg L-1 and this can be attributed to overexploitation of coastal aquifer for agricultural activities.

scholarly journals Assessing Groundwater Mineralization Process, Quality, and Isotopic Recharge Origin in the Sahel Region in Africa

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubacar Modibo Sidibé ◽  
Xueyu Lin ◽  
Sidi Koné
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Quaternary Aquifers ◽  
Sahel Region

In the Sahel region in Africa, and in most arid regions, groundwater is the crucial source for water supply since surface water is scarce. This study aimed to understand a complex geochemical mechanism controlling the mineralization process in the Taoudeni Basin. A thousand randomly distributed groundwater samples acquired from different aquifers were used for this research. The results show that the majority of the samples observed are of the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− and Na+-HCO3− types depending on the different aquifers. Mg2+ and Ca2+ may react with HCO3− precipitating as calcite and dolomite. The Na+-HCO3− groundwater type is mainly derived from the ion exchange process. This type indicates a paleo-marine depositional environment or that it passes through paleo-marine channels. Calcium of the standard Ca2+-HCO3− groundwater type exchanges with the sodium. Groundwater is characterized by the water-rock interactions that indicate the chemical alteration of the rock-forming minerals influencing its quality by a dissolution. The δ2H and δ18O stable isotopes designate the evaporation importance in the basin and recharge with recent rain. The bicarbonate-type presence in groundwater suggests that it is young and fresh water. Multivariate statistical methods, notably Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, confirm affinities among the aquifers and identify three main clusters grouped into two water types. Cluster 1 consists of Infra-Cambrian and Quaternary aquifers, whereas cluster2 includes the Precambrian basement and Permian-Triassic aquifers.

scholarly journals Arsenic Contamination in Indus Alluvial Plain Sediments and Groundwater of Hyderabad and its Surroundings, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Viqar Husain ◽  
Shella Bano
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Alluvial aquifers are the main source of groundwater worldwide. In Hyderabad area of Sindh province, aquifers are naturally polluted by arsenic (As) like other alluvial aquifers of the world. Present study was carried out to decipher the mobilization mechanism of arsenic in Holocene aquifers of Indus river basin, where a large population is at the risk of arsenic ingested diseases. Fifty groundwater samples were collected from Hyderabad and its surrounding areas to examine their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In 80% of the groundwater samples, TDS is above the WHO limit. Dominant (40%) hydrofacies in groundwater of study area is NaCl, which shows water-rock interaction and cation exchange mechanism. In order to investigate the source of arsenic, eleven near-surface soil samples were also collected and analyzed for elemental and mineral composition using XRD and AES techniques. Correlation Coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret the data. Arsenic ranges between 10-150 µg/L in groundwater, while in soil samples it ranges from 77 and 137µg/kg. Findings showed that arsenic is mobilized in the alluvial aquifers of Indus river through dissolution/ leaching of iron oxyhydroxides under anoxic conditions. Arsenic is mainly leached from mica and phlogopite under reducing conditions. Meandering of Indus river through different historical time periods is an important factor for the distribution of redox zones created by mirco-biodegradation of organic matter rich with clayey sediments. Irrigation return flow, infiltration of sewerage in groundwater and unlined sanitation are also important anthropogenic factors for creating local anoxic conditions to mobilize arsenic in groundwater.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and Entropy-Based Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Suining Area, Southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
Changli Wei ◽  
Xun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Entropy Weighted ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater is an essential resource for sustainable development, whose quality is significant for human health. In the present study, twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from domestic tube wells and public water supply wells in the Suining area, southwestern China. The integration of statistical analysis, correlations of ions, geomodelling, and entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) was carried out to clarify the hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the study area. By the statistical analysis, the cations followed the concentration order as Ca2+> Na+> Mg2+> K+, while anions’ concentrations were HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F−. Piper trilinear diagram showed the hydrochemical type was characterized as Ca-HCO3. Correlations of ions and geomodelling revealed the concentrations of major ions were mainly determined by carbonate dissolution and ion exchange process, and NO3− concentrations were controlled by agriculture activities. EWQI computation demonstrated that most of the groundwater samples possessed EWQI values higher than 100. Therefore, groundwater quality is lower than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO), suitable for drinking purposes in the Suining area. Our study provides vital knowledge for groundwater management in the Suining and other similar areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Mineralization Processes in Mbakaou Area (Adamawa Plateau – Cameroon), by Using Conventional Diagrams and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Adoua Kopa Njueya ◽  
Arnaud Tonang Zebaze ◽  
Lucas Kengni ◽  
Emile Temgoua ◽  
David Guimolaire Nkouathio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Groundwater Mineralization ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Management of groundwater require knowing their qualities and hydrogeochemical processes whereby these waters acquire their mineralization. The population of Mbakaou in Adamawa Plateau consumes groundwater from a doubtful quality water supply structures (wells, boreholes and catchments). This study was carried out to highlight groundwater quality and processes that govern water mineralization. So, to achieve this, 11 water samples were analyzed (1 rain water, 1 well, 3 springs and 6 boreholes). After analyzing the samples and comparing the obtained values to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, multivariate statistical analysis including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied. Results show that these waters samples are fresh, generally of good quality compared to WHO standards and weakly mineralized (35 to 247.9 mg/l), due to the short residence time. Calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies is the main water type. Nitrates are the most common pollutants and reveal high vulnerability of saprolite aquifer than fractured aquifer. The groundwater mineralization is influenced by precipitation, base ion exchange process, anthropogenic activities and water-rock interaction through silicate weathering. The PCA analysis yielded three factors that explained 89.33 % of the total variance. Factor 1 (62.60 %), factor 2 (15.54 %) and factor 3 (11.19 %) made respectively the difference between water samples influenced by precipitation or water rock interaction from those influenced by both water-rock interaction with precipitation or anthropogenic activities and those for water rock interaction with ion exchange process.

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