scholarly journals Arsenic Contamination in Indus Alluvial Plain Sediments and Groundwater of Hyderabad and its Surroundings, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Viqar Husain ◽  
Shella Bano
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Alluvial aquifers are the main source of groundwater worldwide. In Hyderabad area of Sindh province, aquifers are naturally polluted by arsenic (As) like other alluvial aquifers of the world. Present study was carried out to decipher the mobilization mechanism of arsenic in Holocene aquifers of Indus river basin, where a large population is at the risk of arsenic ingested diseases. Fifty groundwater samples were collected from Hyderabad and its surrounding areas to examine their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In 80% of the groundwater samples, TDS is above the WHO limit. Dominant (40%) hydrofacies in groundwater of study area is NaCl, which shows water-rock interaction and cation exchange mechanism. In order to investigate the source of arsenic, eleven near-surface soil samples were also collected and analyzed for elemental and mineral composition using XRD and AES techniques. Correlation Coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret the data. Arsenic ranges between 10-150 µg/L in groundwater, while in soil samples it ranges from 77 and 137µg/kg. Findings showed that arsenic is mobilized in the alluvial aquifers of Indus river through dissolution/ leaching of iron oxyhydroxides under anoxic conditions. Arsenic is mainly leached from mica and phlogopite under reducing conditions. Meandering of Indus river through different historical time periods is an important factor for the distribution of redox zones created by mirco-biodegradation of organic matter rich with clayey sediments. Irrigation return flow, infiltration of sewerage in groundwater and unlined sanitation are also important anthropogenic factors for creating local anoxic conditions to mobilize arsenic in groundwater.

scholarly journals Arsenic Contamination in Indus Alluvial Plain Sediments and Groundwater of Hyderabad and its Surroundings, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Viqar Husain ◽  
Shella Bano
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Alluvial aquifers are the main source of groundwater worldwide. In Hyderabad area of Sindh province, aquifers are naturally polluted by arsenic (As) like other alluvial aquifers of the world. Present study was carried out to decipher the mobilization mechanism of arsenic in Holocene aquifers of Indus river basin, where a large population is at the risk of arsenic ingested diseases. Fifty groundwater samples were collected from Hyderabad and its surrounding areas to examine their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In 80% of the groundwater samples, TDS is above the WHO limit. Dominant (40%) hydrofacies in groundwater of study area is NaCl, which shows water-rock interaction and cation exchange mechanism. In order to investigate the source of arsenic, eleven near-surface soil samples were also collected and analyzed for elemental and mineral composition using XRD and AES techniques. Correlation Coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret the data. Arsenic ranges between 10-150 µg/L in groundwater, while in soil samples it ranges from 77 and 137µg/kg. Findings showed that arsenic is mobilized in the alluvial aquifers of Indus river through dissolution/ leaching of iron oxyhydroxides under anoxic conditions. Arsenic is mainly leached from mica and phlogopite under reducing conditions. Meandering of Indus river through different historical time periods is an important factor for the distribution of redox zones created by mirco-biodegradation of organic matter rich with clayey sediments. Irrigation return flow, infiltration of sewerage in groundwater and unlined sanitation are also important anthropogenic factors for creating local anoxic conditions to mobilize arsenic in groundwater.

scholarly journals Characterization of Recharge Mechanisms and Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Ras Jbel Coastal Aquifer (Northeast Tunisia) Using Hydrogeochemical Tools, Environmental Isotopes, GIS, and Statistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Hammami Abidi ◽  
Boutheina Farhat ◽  
Abdallah Ben Mammou ◽  
Naceur Oueslati
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater is among the most available water resources in Tunisia; it is a vital natural resource in arid and semiarid regions. Located in north-eastern Tunisia, the Metline-Ras Jbel-Raf Raf aquifer is a mio-plio-quaternary shallow coastal aquifer, where groundwater is the most important source of water supply. The major ion hydrochemistry and environmental isotope composition (δ18O, δ2H) were investigated to identify the recharge sources and processes that affect the groundwater salinization. The combination of hydrogeochemical, isotopic, statistical, and GIS approaches demonstrates that the salinity and the groundwater composition are largely controlled by the water-rock interaction particularly the dissolution of evaporate minerals and the ion exchange process, the return flow of the irrigation water, agricultural fertilizers, and finally saltwater intrusion which started before 1980 and which is partially mitigated by the artificial recharge since 1993. As for the stable isotope signatures, results showed that groundwater samples lay on and around the local meteoric water line LMWL; hence, this arrangement signifies that the recharge of the Ras Jbel aquifer is ensured by recent recharge from Mediterranean air masses.

scholarly journals High-Arsenic Groundwater in Paleochannels of the Lower Yellow River, China: Distribution and Genesis Mechanisms

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Chuanshun Zhi ◽  
Wengeng Cao ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Zeyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Lower Yellow River ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
High Arsenic ◽  
High Arsenic Groundwater

High–arsenic (As) groundwater poses a serious threat to human health. The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River are well–known areas for the enrichment of high–arsenic groundwater. However, little is known about the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of high-As groundwater in the lower reach of the Yellow River. There were 203 groundwater samples collected in different groundwater systems of the lower Yellow River for the exploration of its hydrogeochemical characteristics. Results showed that more than 20% of the samples have arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L. The high-As groundwater was mainly distributed in Late Pleistocene–Holocene aquifers, and the As concentrations in the paleochannels systems (C2 and C4) were significantly higher than that of the paleointerfluve system (C3) and modern Yellow River affected system (C5). The high-As groundwater is characterized by high Fe2+ and NH4+ and low Eh and NO3−, indicating that reductive dissolution of the As–bearing iron oxides is probably the main cause of As release. The arsenic concentrations strikingly showed an increasing tendency as the HCO3− proportion increases, suggesting that HCO3− competitive adsorption may facilitate As mobilization, too. In addition, a Gibbs diagram showed that the evaporation of groundwater could be another significant hydrogeochemical processes, except for the water–rock interaction in the study area. Different sources of aquifer medium and sedimentary structure may be the main reasons for the significant zonation of the As spatial distribution in the lower Yellow River.

ASSESSMENT OF RADON AND THORON EXHALATION FROM SOILS AND DISSOLVED RADON IN GROUND WATER IN THE VICINITY OF ELEVATED GRANITIC HILL, CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
C G Poojitha ◽  
B K Sahoo ◽  
K E Ganesh ◽  
T S Pranesha ◽  
B K Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Activity Measurements

Abstract In this paper, we intend to evaluate the rate of radon and thoron exhalation from soil with reference to the underlying bedrock and gamma dose rate in the environment of elevated granitic hill—Nandi hills of Karnataka. The measurement of exhalation rates for all the soil samples collected from study area was carried out using a continuous radon–thoron monitor (Smart RnDuo monitor). The surface exhalation rate of thoron from soil samples were found to vary from 4160 ± 326 to 21 822 ± 634 mBq m−2 s−1. The mass exhalation rate of radon from soil samples were found to vary from 76 ± 6 to 269 ± 19 mBq kg−1 h−1. Concentrations of radon activity measurements were carried out for all the groundwater samples from study area. A detailed analysis along with physicochemical parameters of water has been made and discussed in this research paper.

scholarly journals Strontium isotope geochemistry of alluvial groundwater: a tracer for groundwater resources characterisation

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Négrel ◽  
E. Petelet-Giraud ◽  
D. Widory
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers

Abstract. This study presents strontium isotope and major ion data of shallow groundwater and river water from the Ile du Chambon catchment, located on the Allier river in the Massif Central (France). There are large variations in the major-element contents in the surface- and groundwater. Plotting of Na vs. Cl contents and Ca, Mg, NO3, K, SO4, HCO3, Sr concentrations reflect water–rock interaction (carbonate dissolution for Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Sr because the bedrock contains marly limestones), agricultural input (farming and fertilising) and sewage effluents (for NO3, K, SO4), although some water samples are unpolluted. Sr contents and isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr vary from 0.70892 to 0.71180 along the hydrological cycle) in the groundwater agree with previous work on groundwater in alluvial aquifers in the Loire catchment. The data plot along three directions in a 87Sr/86Sr v. 1/Sr diagram as a result of mixing, involving at least three geochemical signatures–Allier river water, and two distinct signatures that might be related to different water-rock interactions in the catchment. Mixing proportions are calculated and discussed. The alluvial aquifer of the Ile du Chambon catchment is considered, within the Sr isotope systematic, in a larger scheme that includes several alluvial aquifers of the Loire Allier catchment. Keywords: : Loire river, major and trace elements, Sr isotopic ratio, alluvial aquifer, hydrology

Magnetic properties of soils in a designated Natura area (GR4310010, Giouchtas Mountain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. SAB33-SAB42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kokinou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The magnetic behavior of the geologic formations around the Giouchtas or Juchtas Mountain (Mt.) in Central Crete, Greece, has been studied. The magnetic parameters (magnetic susceptibility [MS] and temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility) of 160 surface soil samples were interpreted based on available information (e.g., topographic, geologic, and historical) for the area of study. The soil samples have been collected from the low- and high-elevation regions of Giouchtas Mt. The low-elevation region, surrounding a north–south asymmetric ridge (strongly affected by the tectonic activity), is mainly covered by Miocene and recent sediments, whereas the high-elevation region is dominated by limestones. Differences in the spatial distribution of the MS and the thermomagnetic behavior of the soil samples indicated the strong influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the geologic formations.

scholarly journals Possibility of use Artemisia austriaca Jacq. as an indicator of environmental pollution by certain heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Yulia M. Kanibolotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
State Of The Environment

Due to the increasing negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the state of the environment in man-made regions, the possibility of using Artemisia austriaса Jacq. as an indicator of contamination of industrial areas by some heavy metals and transformation of plant communities under the influence of human activities is being considered. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the content of heavy metals (Ti, Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr); in plant metals (A. austriaса) and soil samples selected in the suburbs of Pavlodar and Aksu (Pavlodar region, Kazakhstan) is analyzed at different distances from existing industrial enterprises. Geobotanic studies have also been carried out (using classical methods). A. austriaca, being a digressive-active species, under human-induced conditions often becomes a dominant or subdominant in plant communities (in regions where it has historically been represented in little abundance). Therefore, its capacity to accumulate some heavy metals (according to our research results – Zn and Cr) can be used (taking into account the distance from the source of emissions, age of plants, features of nanorelief and weather conditions) to determine the presence of contamination of industrial (or adjacent) areas, especially in areas of operation of metallurgical enterprises.

scholarly journals Fate of Urban Groundwater in Shallow Confined Aquifers. Case Study of Baldia Town, Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Bisma Naz
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Drinking Purpose

A study was carried out to assess the groundwater quality for drinking purpose in Baldia Town, Karachi. For this purpose, groundwater samples (n = 18) were randomly collected from various depths (> 100 feet) through boring wells after monsoon season. Data revealed that except two (BT-5, 8) which were turbid and smoky, rest of the samples were colorless, non-turbid and sweet in taste. Groundwater temperature fluctuates between 19-26 ˚C. The pH varies between slightly acidic to slightly basic (range: 6.8-7.3) where two third of total samples have pH < 7. All the samples have very high TDS content (range: 1240-16910 mg/L; mean: 6832 mg/L) which exceeded the national drinking water quality standard (1000 mg/L) set by PCRWR. Hardness values varied in the extreme range (1000-9500 mg/L; mean: 2366 mg/L). Relative abundance of major cations follows the order of Mg > Ca > Na> K while anions varied in the order of HCO3> SO4> NO3> Cl. Dissolved Fe+3 (mean: 0.01 mg/L) varies within WHO permissible limit (0.3 mg/L) while Mn showed concentration < 0.01 mg/L. Concentration of trace elements declined in the order of Ni > Zn > Cr > Co. It is concluded that groundwater of study area not fit for drinking purpose. It is strongly influenced by semi-arid climate and water rock interaction which is manifested by geochemical signatures of limestone (Ca, Zn) and clays (Ni, Co, Cr). Due to confined aquifer system the anthropogenic contamination is not significant.

scholarly journals Dolomitization of Paleozoic Successions, Huron Domain of Southern Ontario, Canada: Fluid Flow and Dolomite Evolution

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Ihsan S. Al-Aasm ◽  
Richard Crowe ◽  
Marco Tortola
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Ce Anomaly ◽  
Diagenetic Fluids

Integrated petrographic, isotopic, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and geochemical analyses of Paleozoic carbonate successions from multiple boreholes within the Huron Domain, southern Ontario were conducted to characterize the diagenetic history and fluid composition, on a regional scale, and evaluate the nature and origin of dolomitized beds. Multiple generations of non-stochiometric dolomite have been observed. These dolomites occur as both replacement (D1 and D2) and cement (saddle dolomite; SD) and formed either at near-surface to shallow burial zone (D1) or intermediate burial (D2 and SD). Petrographic and geochemical data of dolomite types and calcite cement suggest that these carbonates have experienced multiple fluid events that affected dolomite formation and other diagenetic processes. Cambrian and Ordovician strata have two possibly isolated diagenetic fluid systems; an earlier fluid system that is characterized by a pronounced negative shift in oxygen and carbon isotopic composition, more radiogenic Sr ratios, warm and saline signatures, higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods, negative La anomaly, and positive Ce anomaly; and a later Ordovician system, characterized by less negative shifts in oxygen and carbon isotopes, comparable Th, hypersaline, a less radiogenic, less negative La anomaly, and primarily positive Ce anomaly but also higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods. Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian Sr isotopic ratios, however, show seawater composition of their respective age as the primary source of diagenetic fluids with minor rock/water interactions. In contrast, the isotopic data of the overlying Silurian and Devonian carbonates show overlaps between δ13C and δ18O values. However, δ18O values show evidence of dolomite recrystallization. D2 shows wide Th values and medium to high salinity values. Higher Th and salinity are observed in SD in the Silurian carbonates, which suggest the involvement of localized fluxes of hydrothermal fluids during its formation during Paleozoic orogenesis. Geochemical proxies suggest that in both age groups the diagenetic fluids were originally of coeval seawater composition, subsequently modified via water-rock interaction possibly related to brines, which were modified by the dissolution of Silurian evaporites from the Salina series. The integration of the obtained data in the present study demonstrates the linkage between fluid flux history, fluid compartmentalization, and related diagenesis during the regional tectonic evolution of the Michigan Basin.

scholarly journals Multi-Media Geochemical Exploration in the Critical Zone: A Case Study over the Prairie and Wolf Zn–Pb Deposits, Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Anicia Henne ◽  
Nathan Reid ◽  
Robert L. Thorne ◽  
Samuel C. Spinks ◽  
Tenten Pinchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Sample ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
High Concentrations

In this study, we compared traditional lithochemical sample media (soil) with hydrochemical (groundwater), biogeochemical (plant matter of mulga and spinifex), and other near-surface sample media (ferro-manganese crust), in a case study applied to mineral exploration in weathered terrain, through the critical zone at the fault-hosted Prairie and Wolf Zn–Pb (Ag) deposits in Western Australia. We used multi-element geochemistry analyses to spatially identify geochemical anomalies in samples over known mineralization, and investigated metal dispersion processes. In all near-surface sample media, high concentrations of the metals of interest (Zn, Pb, Ag) coincided with samples proximal to the mineralization at depth. However, the lateral dispersion of these elements differed from regional (several km; groundwater) to local (several 100′s of meters; solid sample media) scales. Zinc in spinifex leaves over the Prairie and Wolf deposits exceeded the total concentrations in all other sample media, while the metal concentrations in mulga phyllodes were not as pronounced, except for Ag, which exceeded the concentrations in all other sample media. These observations indicate potential preferential metal-specific uptake by different media. Pathfinder elements in vegetation and groundwater samples also indicated the Prairie Downs fault zone at the regional (groundwater) and local (vegetation) scale, and are, therefore, potentially useful tools to trace fault systems that host structurally controlled, hydrothermal Zn–Pb mineralization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document