scholarly journals Treatment Gaps Found in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at a Community Health Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacob Pinchevsky ◽  
Neil Butkow ◽  
Tobias Chirwa ◽  
Frederick Raal
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Community Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims. The management of cardiometabolic goals or “ABCs” (HbA1c, blood pressure (BP), and cholesterol) ultimately determines the morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought to determine if patients with T2DM attending an urbanized public sector community health centre (CHC) were having their ABCs measured, were treated with appropriate cardioprotective agents and finally, were achieving guideline-based targets. Methods and Results. A cross-sectional record review of 519 patients was conducted between May and August 2015. The mean age was 54 years (SD: ±11.5) and 54% (n=280) were females. Testing of ABCs occurred in 68.8% (n=357) for HbA1c, 95.4% (n=495) for BP, and 58.6% (n=304) for LDL-C. Achievement of ABC targets was as follows: 19.3% (HbA1c < 7%), 22.0% (BP < 140/80 mmHg), and 56.3% (LDL-C < 2.5 mmol/l). Conclusion. There were a significant number of patients who were not tested nor received adequate pharmacotherapy or achieved their ABC targets. This places these patients at an increased risk for the development of diabetes-related complications. Although the realities of resource constraints exist in South Africa’s public sector settings, a wider implementation of evidence-based guidelines must be instituted in order to ensure better patient outcomes.

scholarly journals TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 804-809
Author(s):  
RAHEEL IFTIKHAR ◽  
SULTAN MEHMOOD KAMRAN ◽  
KUMAIL ABBASS, ◽  
Ehtesham Haider,
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: To determine frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our population. DataSource: Random selection of DM II patients from Outpatient Department CMH, Kharian. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:Combined Military Hospital Kharian, Department of Medicine. Duration of study: January 2011 to December 2011. Materials &Methods: We selected outdoor patients of DM-2 from both gender between 40 to 70 yrs of age by random sampling. Those selected,were subjected to blood fasting and random glucose measurements as well as serum magnesium levels. Blood samples were collectedusing full aseptic measures and within one hour, samples were transported to Armed Forces institute of Pathology (AFIP) for analysis.Serum magnesium level estimation was done by timed endpoint method using calmagite dye. DXC 600 automated analyzer was used.The results were verified by Pathologist. Results: The overall frequency of Hypomagnesemia was 32.2% (124 out of the 385 subjects)using the cutoff value of less than 0.6mmol/l for Hypomagnesaemia, whereas 67.8% (261 out of the 385 individual) had normal serummagnesium levels. Conclusions: Significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffers from Hypomagnesaemia. Thesepatients have increased risk risk of poor Glycemic control and diabetic complications due to Hypomagnesemia. Therefore, it isrecommended that serum magnesium levels should be checked regularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and oral magnesiumreplacement should be done.

scholarly journals Predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e041578
Author(s):  
Linglin Kong ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Junyao Fan ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Central China ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of frailty and identify predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes.DesignA cross-sectional design.SettingTwo community health centres in central China.Participants291 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes.Main outcome measuresData were collected via face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and community health files. The main outcome measure was frailty, as assessed by the frailty phenotype criteria. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of frailty.ResultsThe prevalence of prefrailty and frailty were 51.5% and 19.2%, respectively. The significant predictors of frailty included alcohol drinking (ex-drinker) (OR 4.461, 95% CI 1.079 to 18.438), glycated haemoglobin (OR 1.434, 95% CI 1.045 to 1.968), nutritional status (malnutrition risk/malnutrition) (OR 8.062, 95% CI 2.470 to 26.317), depressive symptoms (OR 1.438, 95% CI 1.166 to 1.773) and exercise behaviour (OR 0.796, 95% CI 0.716 to 0.884).ConclusionsA high prevalence of frailty was found among older adults with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese community. Frailty identification and multifaceted interventions should be developed for this population, taking into consideration proper glycaemic control, nutritional instruction, depressive symptoms improvement and enhancement of self-care behaviours.

scholarly journals Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3013-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huashan Bi ◽  
Yong Gan ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yawen Chen ◽  
Xinyue Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveBreakfast skipping has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. No meta-analyses have applied quantitative techniques to compute summary risk estimates. The present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies summarizing the evidence on the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingRelevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SINOMED up to 9 August 2014. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. We included studies that reported risk estimates (including relative risks, odds ratios and hazard ratios) with 95 % confidence intervals for the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.SubjectsEight studies involving 106 935 participants and 7419 patients with T2D were included in the meta-analysis.ResultsA pooled adjusted relative risk for the association between exposure to breakfast skipping and T2D risk was 1·21 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·31; P=0·984; I2=0·0 %) in cohort studies and the pooled OR was 1·15 (95 % CI, 1·05, 1·24; P=0·770; I2=0·0 %) in cross-sectional studies. Visual inspection of a funnel plot and Begg’s test indicated no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsBreakfast skipping is associated with a significantly increased risk of T2D. Regular breakfast consumption is potentially important for the prevention of T2D.

scholarly journals Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Duration with The Occurrence of Erectile Dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Alexander Petra Sihite ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Pramesemara ◽  
I Wayan Surudarma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that characterized by high blood sugar levels. This condition is often not noticed immediately and usually patient starting to realize it when complications have been occurred. A long-term complication of type 2 DM that occurred in men is erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is a condition when a person is unable to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse. One factor that influence the occurrence of ED and its severity in type 2 DM patients is the duration of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of ED. Methods: This study is an observational analytic cross-sectional study conducted at the Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Denpasar Barat I. The research data was obtained through medical record data and fill the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire on 36 type 2 DM patients aged around 40-60 years. The statistical analysis used was Fisher's exact test. Results: The results showed that of the 36 samples, 19 (52.8%) samples had type 2 DM <24 months and 17 (47.2%) samples had type 2 DM >24 months. It was found that 5 (13.9%) samples did not experience ED while the rest experienced ED with different severity. There was a significant relationship between the type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of erectile dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Study has found that type 2 DM patients with the longer duration (>24 months)  have a higher occurrence of ED and tended to be more severe compared to those with shorter duration (<24 months). Further studies should be performed with higher number of patients and more controlled risk factor so it will be more accurate in determining the relationship between the duration of type 2 DM and ED.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI DAN PEKERJAAN IBU DENGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU (MP-ASI) DINI PADA BAYI DI BAWAH USIA 6 BULAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Pandu Sandika ◽  
Nur Afrinis ◽  
Emdas Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Community Health Centre ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area

Complementary feeding of breastmilk to infants aged less than 6 months can cause health problems such as constipation, diarrhea and allergies. It will have an impact on the nutritional status of the infant. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation and mother occupation with complementary feeding of breastmilk to infants under the age of 6 months in Naga Beralih village the work area of Community Health centre Kampar Utara in 2020. This type of research was analytic with cross sectional design. The population of this research was mothers who have infants aged 0-6 months in Naga Beralih village, the working area of Community Health centre Kampar Utara, totaling 41 people. Data collection tools in this study used a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square. The results showed that most of the respondents have high motivation in giving complementary breastfeeding, most of the respondents work, most of the respondents give complementary foods to infant under the age of 6 months. There was a relationship of motivation with complementary feeding with p value of 0.001. There was a work relationship with the provision of complementary feeding under the age of 6 months in Naga Beralih village the work area of Community Health centre Kampar Utara in 2020 with a p value of 0.002. For health workers, in order to increase education about the importance of complementary breastfeeding by forming classes for infants and toddlers to provide information and demonstrations, especially regarding the amount of complementary breastfeeding, types of food and timing of complementary feeding.

scholarly journals DIABETIC FOOT CARE KNOWLEDGE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
A Gomathi ◽  
S. Kamalam ◽  
Jeevaanand N
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes is traditionally known as a “silent disease,” exhibiting no symptoms until it progresses to severe target organ damage. Aims & Objective: The study was conducted to determine the knowledge of foot care ,knowledge regarding foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients. Material and Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health centre, Pondicherry, 107 subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from December 2020 to March 2021, among type 2 diabetes who attended the diabetic clinic. A validated pretested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of foot care, knowledge regarding foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Among 107 diabetes patients 68(75.6%) of them had poor knowledge and only 2 (2.2%) of them had good practice. There was highly significant (p<0.001) relationship between knowledge of foot care and knowledge regarding foot care practice scores. There was highly significant association (p<0.05) between the knowledge of foot care with selected demographic variables of gender, occupation, alcohol consumption, regularity of treatment and source of information. Conclusions: It is a need of the hour to conduct health education programme to create awareness among rural people for better glycaemic control and prevention of ulcer foot in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Abstract P462: Myosteatosis: Differences in Association With Type 2 Diabetes by Anatomical Location

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Tilves ◽  
Allison Kuipers ◽  
Joseph Zmuda ◽  
J. J Carr ◽  
James G Terry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: CT-derived muscle density (MD) reflects the degree of adiposity in muscle (i.e., myosteatosis) with lower MD indicating greater adiposity. Previous research indicates lower MD is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, few studies have compared the association of simultaneously measured MD by anatomic location. The relationship between myosteatosis and cardiometabolic health may differ by body site and influence which location(s) is most useful for risk assessment. We investigated potential differential relationships between T2D and MD of the locomotor muscles of the abdomen (psoas), thigh, and calf among 539 African Caribbean men from Tobago. Methods: Men were aged 50-91 years (mean 64.4 years, mean BMI 27.5 kg/m 2 ). Calf MD was measured at 66% of calf length using peripheral quantitative CT; calf MD was defined as the ratio of muscle mass to cross-sectional muscle area. Psoas MD was measured in the abdomen (between L3/L4) and thigh MD was measured in the mid-thigh using CT; for these, MD was defined as the average muscle attenuation across each site. MDs were converted to per-SD units for comparability. T2D was defined as a fasting serum glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL or currently taking antidiabetic medication. Results: Psoas and thigh MDs were more highly correlated (r = 0.70) than psoas and calf (r = 0.33) or thigh and calf (r = 0.53) MDs, and calf MD was moderately correlated with BMI (r = -0.38) compared to lower BMI correlations for thigh (r = -0.18) or psoas (r = -0.16) MDs (all significant p < 0.05). After age and lifestyle factor adjustment (Table), a 1-SD lower MD of the thigh or calf was significantly associated with higher odds of T2D. Additional adjustment for BMI completely attenuated the association with T2D for thigh MD, but not calf MD. Conclusion: In our study of African Ancestry men, only calf MD was associated with higher odds of T2D independent of BMI and other muscle groups. Longitudinal studies are needed to better characterize specific muscle myosteatosis and metabolic abnormalities.

The Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Youth with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Yardley ◽  
Jacqueline Hay ◽  
Freya MacMillan ◽  
Kristy Wittmeier ◽  
Brandy Wicklow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Response To Exercise

Type 2 diabetes is associated with hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In adults, blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise are predictive of these complications. To determine if the hemodynamic response to exercise is exaggerated in youth with dysglycemia (DG) compared with normoglycemic overweight/obese (OB) and healthy weight (HW) controls a cross-sectional comparison of BP and heart rate (HR) responses to graded exercise to exhaustion in participants was performed. DG and OB youth were matched for age, BMI z-score, height and sex. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured every 2 min, and HR was measured every 1 min. SBP was higher in OB and DG compared with HW youth at rest (p > .001). Despite working at lower relative workloads compared with HW, the BP response was elevated during exercise in OB and DG. For similar HR and oxygen consumption rates, BP responses to exercise were slightly higher in OB and DG compared with HW. OB and DG youth both display elevated resting and exercise BP relative to HW peers. Obesity may play a greater role than dysglycemia in the exaggerated BP response to exercise in youth.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Ruiqiang Weng ◽  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
Zhixiong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Abstract Background The role of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in lipid metabolism has been well established, and APOE is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the relationship between APOE polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with or without CVD remains unclear. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 924 participants including 211 controls (CVD-T2DM-), 247 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD-T2DM+), 232 CVD patients without T2DM (CVD + T2DM-) and 234 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD + T2DM+), were genotyped using chip platform. The association between APOE polymorphisms and T2DM patients with or without CVD was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. Results The present study showed that the frequency of E3/E4 increased in T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01). The ε4 allele was higher in CVD patients without T2DM (p < 0.01) and T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01) as compared with the controls. Conclusions The subjects carrying ε4 allele have increased risk of CVD and T2DM, and exhibit higher level of lipid profiles.

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