scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation: Properties and Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Wang ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells characterized by self-renewal, production of clonal cell populations, and multilineage differentiation. They exist in nearly all tissues and play a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs possess wide immunoregulatory properties via interaction with immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of various effector functions. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, particularly cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, exert autocrine/paracrine effects that modulate the physiological processes of MSCs. These invaluable virtues of MSCs provide new insight into potential treatments for tissue damage and inflammation. In particular, their extensive immunosuppressive properties are being explored for promising therapeutic application in immune disorders. Recently, clinical trials for MSC-mediated therapies have rapidly developed for immune-related diseases following reports from preclinical studies declaring their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Though immunotherapy of MSCs remains controversial, these clinical trials pave the way for their widespread therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. In this review, we will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on MSC-based immunomodulation.

scholarly journals Secretion, migration and adhesion as key processes in the therapeutic activity of mesenchymal stem cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kot ◽  
Aleksandra Musiał-Wysocka ◽  
Małgorzata Lasota ◽  
Aleksandra Ulman ◽  
Marcin Majka
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Immature Cells

The MSCs are immature cells that can be found in numerous different tissue types. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention, particularly with regard to their regenerative properties. Due to their paracrine activity, ability to migrate, adhesion and homing, MSCs currently appear to be the most relevant for therapeutic use. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs exert paracrine effects and modulate many physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, immunomodulation and neuroprotection. Cell-cell communication may be also mediated by extracellular vesicles released from the cells. Due to these properties, MSCs have been widely studied for evaluation of their therapeutic benefits expected in the clinical applications. For effective tissue regeneration, transplanted MSCs have to exit the circulation and locate at the site of damage, which is possible because of their ability to migrate, adhere and engraft at the target site. Accumulating evidence suggests that MSCs recruitment from remote sites is similar to leukocytes’ migration. All of these biological features make MSCs highly investigated stem cells and the most commonly used cells in regenerative medicine. Since environmental factors affect the MSCs behavior, we discuss importance of oxygen concentration as a one of the key factors affecting MSCs properties.

scholarly journals Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Therapeutic Utility in Ischemic Vascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Sally L. Elshaer ◽  
Salma H. Bahram ◽  
Pranav Rajashekar ◽  
Rajashekhar Gangaraju ◽  
Azza B. El-Remessy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Functional Capabilities

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from various tissue sources, including but not limited to bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, and Wharton Jelly. Although cell-mediated mechanisms have been reported, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is now recognized to be primarily mediated via paracrine effects through the secretion of bioactive molecules, known as the “secretome”. The regenerative benefit of the secretome has been attributed to trophic factors and cytokines that play neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic/pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory roles. The advancement of autologous MSCs therapy can be hindered when introduced back into a hostile/disease environment. Barriers include impaired endogenous MSCs function, limited post-transplantation cell viability, and altered immune-modulatory efficiency. Although secretome-based therapeutics have gained popularity, many translational hurdles, including the heterogeneity of MSCs, limited proliferation potential, and the complex nature of the secretome, have impeded the progress. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical impact of restoring the functional capabilities of MSCs prior to transplantation and the progress in secretome therapies involving extracellular vesicles. Modulation and utilization of MSCs–secretome are most likely to serve as an effective strategy for promoting their ultimate success as therapeutic modulators.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Novel Supportive Therapies for Oral Bone Regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Padial-Molina ◽  
Francisco O’Valle ◽  
Alejandro Lanis ◽  
Francisco Mesa ◽  
David M. Dohan Ehrenfest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alloplastic Materials ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

Bone regeneration is often needed prior to dental implant treatment due to the lack of adequate quantity and quality of the bone after infectious diseases, trauma, tumor, or congenital conditions. In these situations, cell transplantation technologies may help to overcome the limitations of autografts, xenografts, allografts, and alloplastic materials. A database search was conducted to include human clinical trials (randomized or controlled) and case reports/series describing the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the oral cavity for bone regeneration only specifically excluding periodontal regeneration. Additionally, novel advances in related technologies are also described. 190 records were identified. 51 articles were selected for full-text assessment, and only 28 met the inclusion criteria: 9 case series, 10 case reports, and 9 randomized controlled clinical trials. Collectively, they evaluate the use of MSCs in a total of 290 patients in 342 interventions. The current published literature is very diverse in methodology and measurement of outcomes. Moreover, the clinical significance is limited. Therefore, the use of these techniques should be further studied in more challenging clinical scenarios with well-designed and standardized RCTs, potentially in combination with new scaffolding techniques and bioactive molecules to improve the final outcomes.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Dampening Arthritis Progression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Contreras ◽  
F. E. Figueroa ◽  
F. Djouad ◽  
P. Luz-Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to immunomodulate cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune systems promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. During the last decade, MSCs have been intensively studiedin vitroandin vivoin experimental animal model of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Based on these studies, MSCs are currently widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by complex deregulation of the immune systems. However, the therapeutic properties of MSCs in arthritis are still controverted. These controversies might be due to the diversity of MSC sources and isolation protocols used, the time, the route and dose of MSC administration, the variety of the mechanisms involved in the MSCs suppressive effects, and the complexity of arthritis pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of the interactions between MSCs and the different immune cells associated with arthritis pathogenesis and the possible means described in the literature that could enhance MSCs therapeutic potential counteracting arthritis development and progression.

scholarly journals ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELLS- A REVIEW OF THEIR CURRENT ROLE IN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Sheeja Rajan ◽  
Rithwik Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Multipotential Differentiation

Adipocytes are now known to have immense capacity for self-renewal and as well as multipotential differentiation. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) are multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal origin, located ubiquitously in human body. Unlike the bone marrow stem cells, they are easy to harvest from subcutaneous tissues by minimally invasive procedures. Several advances in isolation, invitro culture and replication of adipose derived stem cells have occurred in last decade. Cell assisted lipo-transfers for enhancing the survival of autologous fat grafts (AFG) by enriching them with ADSC is being practiced in Plastic surgery. Because of their potential for angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, immunomodulatory and paracrine effects, fat grafts nd considerable applications in Plastic surgery and Regenerative medicine. This paper explores the current research into applications, techniques of harvest, culture and tissue engineering of ADSC and the concerns about the oncogenic potentiation and genetic stability of the cultured cell lines.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells for inflammatory airway disorders: promises and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Liang Fan ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Chui Yan Ma ◽  
Qing-Ling Fu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Clinical Therapy

Abstract The regenerative and immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them attractive in the treatment of many diseases. Although they have shown promising preclinical studies of immunomodulation and paracrine effects in inflammatory airway disorders and other lung diseases, there are still challenges that have to be overcome before MSCs can be safely, effectively, and routinely applied in the clinical setting. A good understanding of the roles and mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulatory effects will benefit the application of MSC-based clinical therapy. In this review, we summarize the promises and challenges of the preclinical and clinical trials of MSC therapies, aiming to better understand the role that MSCs play in attempt to treat inflammatory airway disorders.

scholarly journals Progression of Treating Alzheimer’s Disease with Stem Cell-based Therapies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Jigishu Ahmed ◽  
Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease is one form of dementia affecting a significant proportion of the population. The etiology of this prevalent disease is currently unknown. It is postulated that AD can be treated by using stem cell-based therapies by replacing the lost neurons in the atrophic regions of the brain. For these novel therapies to be successful several sources of stem cells have been proposed, such as pluripotent stem cells as well as multipotent stem cells. Proof of concept in animal studies have shown that stem cells can grafted into the affected regions or delivered intravenously into affected parts of the brain. These experiments had improved cognition and memory performance in rodents. The promising results seen in animal models have increased interest in conducting clinical trials using the same technique. In the last 5 years, several treatments have reached phase II clinical trials.  

scholarly journals The role of mesenchymal stromal cells in immune modulation of COVID-19: focus on cytokine storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavianpour ◽  
Mahshid Saleh ◽  
Javad Verdi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is quickly spreading all over the world. This virus, which is called SARS-CoV-2, has infected tens of thousands of people. Based on symptoms, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness is responsible for highly homogenous coronaviruses as well as other pathogens. Evidence suggests that high inflammation rates, oxidation, and overwhelming immune response probably contribute to pathology of COVID-19. COVID-19 causes cytokine storm, which subsequently leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often ending up in the death of patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells that are recognized via self-renewal capacity, generation of clonal populations, and multilineage differentiation. MSCs are present in nearly all tissues of the body, playing an essential role in repair and generation of tissues. Furthermore, MSCs have broad immunoregulatory properties through the interaction of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of many effector activities. MSCs can reduce the cytokine storm produced by coronavirus infection. In a number of studies, the administration of these cells has been beneficial for COVID-19 patients. Also, MSCs may be able to improve pulmonary fibrosis and lung function. In this review, we will review the newest research findings regarding MSC-based immunomodulation in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao ◽  
Gyu Jin Rho
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Research Findings

In this review, we highlighted recent research findings in the area of human mesenchymal stem cells, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in human clinical trials.

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