scholarly journals Sesame Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation and Water Application Techniques in Irrigated Agriculture, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Hailu ◽  
Y. D. Urga ◽  
N. A. Sori ◽  
F. R. Borona ◽  
K. N. Tufa
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Planting Season

The study was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center, Addis Ababa, for two years, 2013 and 2015, during main seasons and for three years, 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15, during the cool period cropping season (November to February) as in the local cropping calendar. The study was aimed at identifying optimum soil moisture stress for sesame and thereby determining appropriate water-saving irrigation methods and also productivity under limited water resource conditions. Nine treatments with three levels of irrigation water percentage based on evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) (100% ETc, 75% ETc, and 50% ETc) and three types of furrow irrigation methods (alternate furrow, fixed furrow, and conventional furrow) were used. The study design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The yield of sesame had significant (p<0.05) variation among treatments due to deficit irrigation levels and application methods for sesame planted in main seasons. The highest mean yield of 937.50 kg/ha and 2797.6 kg/ha was obtained from the treatment of 50% ETc with alternate and conventional furrow application methods in 2013 and 2015, respectively. The combined mean yield of two years (2013–2015) showed different levels of deficit irrigation, and irrigation methods had a significant effect (p<0.05) on main season planted sesame. Hence, the highest mean yield of 1846.7 kg/ha was obtained from the application of 50% ETc with the conventional furrow application method. In the cool planting season, the highest mean yield of 528.55 kg/ha, 1432.3 kg/ha, and 1562.5 kg/ha was obtained from treatments of 50% ETc, 75% ETc, and 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method in 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15, respectively. Moreover, during the same period over years, combined analysis showed that the highest mean yield of 1053 kg/ha was obtained from application of 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method. Thus, it is concluded that a deficit irrigation treatment of 50% ETc with the conventional furrow application method for main season and application of 100% ETc with the conventional furrow application method for cool planting season are best practices of water-saving strategies for irrigated agriculture system.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with &gt; 70% disease incidence and &lt; 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P &lt; 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of &lt; 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided &gt; 75% disease control and &gt; 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

Interactive Effects of Soil pH, Halosulfuron Rate, and Application Method on Carryover to Turnip Green and Cabbage

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
David Kissel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Turnip Green

Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the tolerance of autumn-planted cabbage and turnip green to halosulfuron applied the previous spring to cantaloupe. Main plots were three levels of soil pH: maintained at a natural pH level, pH raised with Ca(OH)2, and pH lowered with Al2(SO4)3. Subplots were a factorial arrangement of two halosulfuron application methods and three halosulfuron rates. Halosulfuron application methods were PPI or POST after transplanting to the edges of mulch-covered seedbeds. Halosulfuron rates were 35 and 70 g ai/ha, along with a nontreated control. Cantaloupe were transplanted, maintained weed-free, and evaluated for yield response. After cantaloupe harvest, direct-seeded turnip green and transplanted cabbage were established in September of each year and evaluated for crop tolerance and yield. Data indicated nonsignificant main effects of soil pH and halosulfuron application method on cantaloupe yield. However, in 2007 cantaloupe yields were significantly reduced, by 16 and 20% for halosulfuron applied at 35 and 70 g/ha, respectively. For all turnip green and cabbage response parameters, interactions were nonsignificant between application method and rate, soil pH and rate, and soil pH and application method, along with the three-way interaction. After 6 mo, there was no evidence of stunting from halosulfuron carryover in 2006 to direct-seeded turnip green and in both years to transplanted cabbage. Visual estimates of stunting to direct-seeded turnip green ranged from 9 to 16% for halosulfuron at 35 and 70 g/ha, respectively, in 2007, but all stunting was transient and turnip green yield was not affected.

scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation Effects on Cabbage (Brassicaceae Oleracea var. capitata L. Grandslam F1) Yield in Unheated Greenhouse Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Hakan Büyükcangaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Greenhouse Condition ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation on yield for cabbage grown under unheated greenhouse condition. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Yenişehir High School of Uludağ University in Bursa, Turkey, in 2008. In the study, water was applied to cabbage as 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.00% (as control) of evaporation from a Class A Pan corresponding to 2 day irrigation frequency. Irrigation water applied ranged from 70 to 520 mm and water consumption ranged from 90 to 548 mm. The effect of irrigation water level on the yield, head height, head diameter, head weight and dry matter were found to be significant. The highest yield was 72.8 t ha-1. Crop yield response factor for cabbage (ky) was found as 1.036. The highest values of water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) for 2008 year of K2cp treatment was calculated to be 0.143 kg m-3 and 0.137 kg m-3, respectively. K2cp application (75%) can be recommended as the most effective irrigation level for the cabbage to which drip irrigation is applied under scarce and unheated greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Soil Insecticides and Application Methods to Control Soil Insects in Sweet-Potatoes, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Sweetpotatoes were transplanted on 20 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long with 3-ft between-row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from its neighbor. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCB. Mocap treatments were applied preplanting and incorporated on 7 Jun. The Lorsban and Fipronil treatments were applied immediately before planting and incorporated on 20 Jun. The application method (15 inch band v. broadcast) for each treatment is indicated in the table. A backpack sprayer equipped with a 6 plant fan nozzle boom/3 rows was used to apply the broadcast treatments, and a single flat fan nozzle boom was used to apply the band treatments. In order to control the summer generations of the soil insects after the main treatment had broken down, the plots (except for the check) were sprayed with Sevin XLR at 1.00 lb (AI)/acre alternating weekly with Thiodan 3EC at 0.56 lb (AI)/acre on 22 and 30 Jul and 5 and 15 Aug. The same sprayer was used for the foliar treatments as was used for the broadcast treatments, both of which were applied in 21 gal water/acre at 40 psi.

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

scholarly journals Yield response of summer country bean to boron and molybdenum fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Nasreen ◽  
MA Siddiky ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
RP Rannu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fertilizer Combination ◽  
Higher Doses

Field experiments were conducted in the Grey Terrace Soil (Aeric Albaquept) under AEZ-28 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm, Gazipur during summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 to determine the optimum rate of boron and molybdenum combination for maximizing the yield of summer country bean (var. BARI Sheem-3). Four levels each of B (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1 ) and Mo (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg ha-1 ) were used as treatment variables. The results indicated that application of B and Mo fertilizer combination exerted significant influence on the number of pods plant-1 , individual pod weight and pod yield ha-1 in both the years. The highest pod yield (9.58 t ha-1 in 2010 and 9.42 t ha-1 in 2011) was produced by the combination of 2 kg B and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1 and it was statistically identical with 2 kg B and 1.0 kg Mo ha-1 combination. Addition of B beyond 2 kg ha-1 along with higher doses of Mo created a detrimental effect to reduce yield irrespective of years. The results revealed that application of 2 kg B and 1 kg Mo ha-1 combination with a blanket dose of 50 kg N, 40 kg P, 60 kg K and 20 kg S ha-1 plus cowdung 5 t ha-1 might be optimum for summer country bean cultivation in Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(1): 71-76, March 2015

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Deficit and Application of Some Growth Regulators on Defense Mechanisms of Canola

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad KALANTAR AHMADI ◽  
Ali EBADI ◽  
Jahanfar DANESHIAN ◽  
Soodabeh JAHANBAKHSH ◽  
Seyed Ataollah SIADAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Irrigation Deficit ◽  
Main Factor

A split-plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful in order to investigate the effects of foliar applications of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and methanol (Me), under deficit irrigation conditions, in canola; there were 3 levels of irrigation as the main factor (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from the pan as control, cessation of irrigation at the flowering stage and cessation of irrigation at the appearance of siliques) and 10 levels of foliar applications as sub-factor (100, 200 and 300 mg.l-1AsA; 100, 200 and 300 µM SA; 10, 20 and 30% (w/v) methanol; and foliar application of distilled water as control). Foliar applications were made during both budding and initiation of flowering stages. Results indicated that antioxidant enzymes showed different responses to deficit irrigation and foliar application treatments. Maximum catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were observed under cessation of irrigation at flowering stage and foliar application of 300 µM SA, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) reached its maximum activity under the same irrigation conditions and foliar application of 300 mg.l-1AsA. SA had more influence to increase in CAT and PPO activity under cessation of irrigation at flowering stage. The relative water content (RWC) was also decreased due to the drought stress caused by the cessation of irrigation. Foliar application of SA (100 μM) and Me (10% w/v) had more influence to maintain RWC compared to ascorbic acid under irrigation cessation at flowering stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation System and Soil Conditioners on Growth and Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Cultivated in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Omer ◽  
Saber Hendawy ◽  
Abdel Nasser ElGendy ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Giacomo L. Petretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

A relevant improvement of the cultivar conditions of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in desert areas was achieved by a specific combination between irrigation system and soil conditioner. A drastic reduction of water employment was obtained without affect the quality of the plants, determined by monitoring growth parameters and essential oil characteristics. In particular, the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems and different soil conditioners on growth parameters, yield, and essential oil constituents of rosemary plant was assessed. Field experiments at the Agricultural Research Station (Al-Adlya farm), SEKEM group Company, El-Sharkiya Governorate, Egypt, conducted over the two seasons revealed the effectiveness of the subsurface irrigation system in obtaining better performances, especially in terms of water saving. The combination of subsurface irrigation and the conditioner Hundz soil with bentonite showed the maximum mean values of growth characters compared with other soil amendments during both seasons. The possibility to employ a water-saving irrigation system as the subsurface one without any drawback in the resulting plants was also explored in terms of molecular composition. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil extracted from plants growth under different irrigation conditions revealed a comparable composition in both cases. The goodness of the most performing system was also confirmed by the comparable yield of the essential oil.

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