Piper Essential Oils Inhibit Rhizopus oryzae Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Rhizopuspepsin Activity

Piper is the largest genus of the Piperaceae family. The species of this genus have diverse biological activities and are used in pharmacopeia throughout the world. They are also used in folk medicine for treatment of many diseases in several countries including Brazil, China, India, Jamaica, and Mexico. In Brazil, Piper species are distributed throughout the national territory, making this genus a good candidate for biological activity screening. During our studies with Piper essential oils, we evaluated its activity against Rhizopus oryzae, the main agent of mucormycosis. The main compounds of seven Piper essential oils analyzed were Piper callosum—safrole (53.8%), P. aduncum—dillapiole (76.0%), P. hispidinervum—safrole (91.4%), P. marginatum—propiopiperone (13.2%), P. hispidum—γ-terpinene (30.9%), P. tuberculatum—(E)-caryophyllene (30.1%), and Piper sp.—linalool (14.6%). The minimum inhibitory concentration of Piper essential oils against R. oryzae ranged from 78.12 to >1250 μg/mL. The best result of total inhibition of biofilm formation was obtained with Piper sp. starting from 4.88 μg/mL. Considering the bioactive potential of EOs against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of R. oryzae could be of great interest for development of antimicrobials for therapeutic use in treatment of fungal infection.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq.

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e514101119967

Author(s):

Ana Lúcia Mendes dos Santos ◽

Filipe Augusto Matos Araújo ◽

Érika da Silva Matisui ◽

Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves da Costa ◽

Alexandre José Macêdo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Future Developments ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Amazonian Region

A low shrub growing in the Amazonian region, Piper marginatum Jacq. has been related to the treatment of a disease variety in folk medicine, however, still lacking scientific support. This study aimed to describe the composition of essential oils obtained from leaves (EOL) and branches (EOB) of P. marginatum and their antimicrobial effects on six relevant pathogenic bacteria. A combination of GC-FID and GC-MS was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. As antimicrobial assays, the oils were screened at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml for planktonic and biofilm inhibition. EOL revealed the presence of trans–nerolidol, o–cymene, spathulenol, elemicin, and α–copaene, while EOB composition was mainly of myristicin, trans-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α–copaene, γ–muurolene and spathulenol. The strongest inhibition of planktonic growth was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EOB) and Escherichia coli (EOB). Overall, Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive to both EOB/EOL showing less ability of growth and biofilm formation. The Gram-positive strains seemed to react to the essential oils by massive adhesion. Our results corroborate the relevance of Piperaceae and indicate the possible use of P. marginatum in future developments of antimicrobials.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Scorzonera Species

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5128

Author(s):

Karolina Lendzion ◽

Agnieszka Gornowicz ◽

Krzysztof Bielawski ◽

Anna Bielawska

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Starting Point ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Bioactive Potential

The genus Scorzonera comprises nearly 200 species, naturally occurring in Europe, Asia, and northern parts of Africa. Plants belonging to the Scorzonera genus have been a significant part of folk medicine in Asia, especially China, Mongolia, and Turkey for centuries. Therefore, they have become the subject of research regarding their phytochemical composition and biological activity. The aim of this review is to present and assess the phytochemical composition, and bioactive potential of species within the genus Scorzonera. Studies have shown the presence of many bioactive compounds like triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, or caffeic acid and quinic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from aerial and subaerial parts of the plants. The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties have been evaluated, together with the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activity. Scorzonera species have also been investigated for their activity against several bacteria and fungi strains. Despite mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, the bioactive properties in wound healing therapy and the treatment of microbial infections might, in perspective, be the starting point for the research on Scorzonera species as active agents in medical products designed for miscellaneous skin conditions.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Schinus weinmannifolius Collected in the Spring and Winter

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900940 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900

Author(s):

Camila Hernandes ◽

Silvia H. Taleb-Contini ◽

Ana Carolina D. Bartolomeu ◽

Bianca W. Bertoni ◽

Suzelei C. França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Pharmacological Profile

Reports on the chemical and pharmacological profile of the essential oil of Schinus weinmannifolius do not exist, although other Schinus species have been widely investigated for their biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. weinmannifolius collected in the spring and winter. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and submitted to microdilution tests, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The oils displayed different chemical composition and antimicrobial action. Bicyclogermacrene and limonene predominated in the oils extracted in the winter and spring, respectively, whereas only the latter oil exhibited antifungal activity.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Essential Oils of Chamaemelum fuscatum (Brot.) Vasc. from Spain as a Contribution to Reinforce Its Ethnobotanical Use

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 539 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos Fernández-Cervantes ◽

María José Pérez-Alonso ◽

José Blanco-Salas ◽

Ana Cristina Soria ◽

Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Whole Plant ◽

First Time ◽

Scientific Validation

Chamaemelum fuscatum (Brot.) Vasc. is a south west Iberian chamomile that has been traditionally used as folk medicine in its natural distribution area but currently it is underestimated regarding its biological activities. For this reason, it is proposed in this paper to get insight into the scientific validation of the traditional knowledge of this plant with the aim of taking advantage of its anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antinociceptive activities, among others. To this aim, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the whole plant, the flowers and the green parts of this plant has been evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Plant materials were collected in Badajoz (Spain). A total of 61 components including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and aliphatic esters were identified. (E)-2-Methyl-2-butenyl methacrylate (27.57%–18.53%) and 2-methylallyl isobutyrate (9.79%–7.51%) were the most abundant compounds in the essential oils of flowers and of the whole plant, whereas α-curcumene, trans-pinocarveol, α-bergamotene and pinocarvone were the major terpenoids irrespective of the plant part considered. Certain compounds showing a relative high abundance as isobutyl methacrylate, isoamyl butyrate, α-bergamotene and pinocarvone were identified for the first time in this species. Finally, we have reviewed the bioactivity of several compounds to relate the ethnobotanical use of this plant in Spain with its volatile profile. This work is a preliminary contribution to reinforce the use to this Mediterranean endemic plant as a natural source of bioactives.

Download Full-text

Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of 12 Essential Oils on chromobacterium violaceum and Specific Action of cis-cis-p-Menthenolide from Corsican Mentha suaveolens ssp. Insularis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2125 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Poli ◽

Elodie Guinoiseau ◽

Dominique de Rocca Serra ◽

Sylvain Sutour ◽

Mathieu Paoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽

Sea Islands ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Bacterial Communication ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Violacein Production

Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism used to express various survival or virulence traits leading to enhanced resistance. Chromobacterium violaceum is a commonly used strain that highlights anti-QS action of bioactive substances. Here, we wanted to see if 12 selected essential oils (EO) could exert anti-QS activity. We measured the sublethal minimal QS inhibitory concentration (MQSIC) by assessing violacein production of C. violaceum along with bacterial growth. To confirm the QS disruption, we also proceed to surface bacterial observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We showed that cis-cis-p-menthenolide extracted and isolated from a plant endemic to occidental Mediterranean Sea islands, Mentha suaveolens ssp. insularis, acts as an inhibitor of violacein production and biofilm formation. Measured MQSIC was much lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.10 mg·mL−1 vs. 3.00 mg·mL−1. Moreover, disturbance of QS-related traits was confirmed by the degradation of C. violaceum biofilm matrix. There is a clear structure–activity relationship between cis-cis-p-menthenolide and anti-QS activity. Indeed, its isomer molecule (mintlactone) exerts a poor anti-QS action. These results indicate that inhibition of violacein production and biofilm formation by cis-cis-p-menthenolide might be related to a disruption in the QS mechanism.

Download Full-text

In vitro antibacterial activity of telithromycin against Enterococcus spp. isolated from China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24213/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanpeng Xiong ◽

Junwen Chen ◽

Xiang Sun ◽

Guangjian Xu ◽

Peiyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Enterococcal Infection ◽

Wide Range ◽

Excellent Activity ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Enterococci has resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and the treatment of enterococcal infection has always been an issue of concern. This study aimed to explore the new ketolides antimicrobials-telithromycin, against the planktonic cells and biofilms of enterococci. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of telithromycin was determined. The sequence types (STs) and genotypes of resistance to erythromycin in enterococci were detected. Furthermore, the effect of telithromycin against the biofilms of enterococci were investigated.Results: A total of 280 Enterococcus faecalis and 122 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from individual inpatients in China. Telithromycin showed excellent activity against the E. faecalis and E. faecium strains no matter sensitive or resistant to erythromycin with erm A, erm B or erm C, with the MIC50 at 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The predominant STs of E. faecalis isolates were ST16, ST30, ST179, and ST18, ST78, ST80 were the predominant STs of E. faecium isolates. Moreover, 87.1% (135/158) and 80.4% (41/51) isolates of the predominant STs carried the erm genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively. The subinhibitory concentration of telithromycin (at 1/4× and 1/8× MICs) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of 16 E. faecalis isolates. Telithromycin (at 8× MIC) indicated the removal effect on the established biofilms of 8 E. faecalis isolates, and combined with ampicillin eradicated more biofilms than telithromycin or ampicillin alone.Conclusion: Telithromycin showed an excellent activity against the planktonic cells of E. faecalis and E. faecium, and against the biofilms of E. faecalis.

Download Full-text

Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Leaf Oils from Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.23-29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Rini Pujiarti ◽

Yoshito Ohtani ◽

Hideaki Ichiura

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Forest Products ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Water Steam ◽

Dpph Method

Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Oil, also known as Kayu Putih oil, is one of the most important non-timber forest products in Indonesia. This oil has diverse bioactivity, such as insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral. This study elucidated the chemical compositions and biological activities of M. leucadendron leaf oils from Java, Indonesia in order to evaluate their potency and improve their utilization. Leaf samples of M. leucadendron in this study were collected from plantation forest in Gunung Kidul-Yogyakarta (L1), Gundih-Central Java (L2) and Sukun-East Java (L3), Indonesia in different plant ages of 5 (A1), 10 (A2) and 15 (A3) years-old. Oil samples were distillated by water-steam distillation. Identification of chemical composition of these essential oils was conducted by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antifungal activity was examined using a method by Wang et al. (2005) with slight modification against pathogenic fungi of Fusarium oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Rhizopus oryzae. GC-MS investigations of M. leucadendron leaf oils showed 26 compounds have been identified. The result showed 1,8-cineole (44.76% to 60.19%) was the major compound in these oil, followed by α-terpineol (5.93% to 12.45%), D(+)-limonene (4.45% to 8.85%), and β-caryophyllene (3.78% to 7.64%), respectively. The in vitro DPPH assay showed anti-oxidative (IC50: 7.21 to 9.46 mg/ml) properties of M. leucadendron leaf oils. This essential oils also revealed inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum (IC50: 0.01 mg/ml to 0.11 mg/ml), T. cucumeris (IC50: 0.52 mg/ml to 4.20 mg/ml) and R. oryzae (IC50:1.35 mg/ml to 7.61 mg/ml). The antifungal activity showed M. leucadendron leaf oils were effective against fungi of F. oxysporum and T. cucumeris; but it showed less antifungal activity against R. oryzae. This study indicated that the M. leucadendron leaf oils can be used as antioxidant and sustainable eco-friendly bio fungicides.

Download Full-text

Essential Oils of the Leaf and Stem of Polyalthia viridis Craib and Their Biological Activities

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211032011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110320

Author(s):

Ninh T. Son ◽

Tuan A. Le ◽

Dinh T. T. Thuy ◽

Dinh L. Nguyen ◽

Tran T. Tuyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

No Production ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Bv2 Microglial Cells

Plants of the genus Polyalthia can be seen as a rich resource of essential oils type terpenoids. In this study, the essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from the leaf and stem of Polyalthia viridis were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry–flame ionization detection. Thirty-nine constituents (95.3%) were identified in the leaf oils and 42 constituents (90.9%) in the stem oils. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the main constituents of both oils, in which 2 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene D (45.1%-47.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.2%-17.1%), were the 2 major compounds. The stem oils inhibited the growth of 3 cancer cell lines, HepG2, MCF7, and A549, with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 56.7 to 68.4 μg/mL. The stem oils also successfully suppressed the growth of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and the yeast Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 50 μg/mL. P viridis oils suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 57.6 to 76.7 μg/mL.

Download Full-text

Influence of Gallic Acid and Thai Culinary Essential Oils on Antibacterial Activity of Nisin against Streptococcus mutans

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1155/2021/5539459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Pimsumon Jiamboonsri ◽

Pimpikar Kanchanadumkerng

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Oral Pathogens ◽

Time Kill

Streptococcus mutans is a well-known oral pathogen commonly associated with a normal dental problem and life-threatening infection. A bacteriocin nisin and the plant-derived compounds including gallic acid (GA) and Thai culinary essential oils (EOs) have been reported to have activity against oral pathogens. However, their synergistic interaction against S. mutans has not been explored. The purposes of this study were primarily to investigate anti-S. mutans properties and the antibiofilm formation of nisin, GA, and five EOs by using the broth microdilution method. Besides, the morphological change, killing rate, and antibacterial synergism were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-kill assay, and checkerboard method, respectively. The results demonstrated that kaffir lime leaf (KLL) oil, lemongrass (LG) oil, and GA showed a potent anti-S. mutans activity and inhibited biofilm formation with the possible mechanism targeted on the cell membrane. Additionally, KLL oil revealed anti-S. mutans synergism with GA, LG oil, and chlorhexidine with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes ≤ 0.5. Interestingly, GA displayed a high potential to enhance anti-S. mutans activity of nisin by lowering the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to at least 8-fold in a bacteriostatic manner. These results suggest that GA and KLL oil may be potentially used as an adjunctive therapy along with nisin and chlorhexidine to control S. mutans infection.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential of Essential Oils from Banisteriopsis campestris

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666200129101433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1205-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edmilson de O. Rocha ◽

Roberto Chang ◽

Evandro A. do Nascimento ◽

Mário M. Martins ◽

Sérgio A.L. de Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Medicinal Substances ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Bioactive Potential

Background: Banisteriopsis campestris is a Malpighiaceae, also known as “cipó-prata” or “murici”. There are some reports about the use of this plant in folk medicine. Objectives: The aim of this study is to test the Essential Oils (EOs) from leaves, stems, and roots of B. campestris for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. Methods: The plant was collected and the essential oil was obtained and tested for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero cells, using the more adequate methods to achieve the objectives. Results: The EOs inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria. The root oil presented the highest antibacterial activity with MIC levels ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg mL-1. The three EOs showed antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania amazonensis. The stem and root EOs presented low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The roots and stem oils showed inhibition of glycation above 50%, with stem oil with of 79.11%. The compounds identified in the leaf EOs were palmitic acid (22.98%), phytol (22.98%), and triacontane (14.88%); in the stem–palmitic (49.79%), linoleic (11.63%), oleic (4.83%), and palmitoleic (4.15%) fatty acids; in the root–palmitic acid (57.39%), linoleic (10.38%), and oleic acids (5.47%). Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the EOs have remarkable antioxidant properties and potential antimicrobial activity and confirm the essential oils of B. campestris as an alternative source of medicinal substances.

Download Full-text