Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential of Essential Oils from Banisteriopsis campestris

Background: Banisteriopsis campestris is a Malpighiaceae, also known as “cipó-prata” or “murici”. There are some reports about the use of this plant in folk medicine. Objectives: The aim of this study is to test the Essential Oils (EOs) from leaves, stems, and roots of B. campestris for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. Methods: The plant was collected and the essential oil was obtained and tested for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero cells, using the more adequate methods to achieve the objectives. Results: The EOs inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria. The root oil presented the highest antibacterial activity with MIC levels ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg mL-1. The three EOs showed antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania amazonensis. The stem and root EOs presented low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The roots and stem oils showed inhibition of glycation above 50%, with stem oil with of 79.11%. The compounds identified in the leaf EOs were palmitic acid (22.98%), phytol (22.98%), and triacontane (14.88%); in the stem–palmitic (49.79%), linoleic (11.63%), oleic (4.83%), and palmitoleic (4.15%) fatty acids; in the root–palmitic acid (57.39%), linoleic (10.38%), and oleic acids (5.47%). Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the EOs have remarkable antioxidant properties and potential antimicrobial activity and confirm the essential oils of B. campestris as an alternative source of medicinal substances.

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Piper Essential Oils Inhibit Rhizopus oryzae Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Rhizopuspepsin Activity

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/5295619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catia A. Almeida ◽

Mariana M. B. Azevedo ◽

Francisco C. M. Chaves ◽

Marcelo Roseo de Oliveira ◽

Igor A. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Activity Screening ◽

Bioactive Potential

Piper is the largest genus of the Piperaceae family. The species of this genus have diverse biological activities and are used in pharmacopeia throughout the world. They are also used in folk medicine for treatment of many diseases in several countries including Brazil, China, India, Jamaica, and Mexico. In Brazil, Piper species are distributed throughout the national territory, making this genus a good candidate for biological activity screening. During our studies with Piper essential oils, we evaluated its activity against Rhizopus oryzae, the main agent of mucormycosis. The main compounds of seven Piper essential oils analyzed were Piper callosum—safrole (53.8%), P. aduncum—dillapiole (76.0%), P. hispidinervum—safrole (91.4%), P. marginatum—propiopiperone (13.2%), P. hispidum—γ-terpinene (30.9%), P. tuberculatum—(E)-caryophyllene (30.1%), and Piper sp.—linalool (14.6%). The minimum inhibitory concentration of Piper essential oils against R. oryzae ranged from 78.12 to >1250 μg/mL. The best result of total inhibition of biofilm formation was obtained with Piper sp. starting from 4.88 μg/mL. Considering the bioactive potential of EOs against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of R. oryzae could be of great interest for development of antimicrobials for therapeutic use in treatment of fungal infection.

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Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities ofKielmeyera coriaceaMart. & Zucc. Essential Oils

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/842047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carla de M. Martins ◽

Evandro A. do Nascimento ◽

Sérgio A. L. de Morais ◽

Alberto de Oliveira ◽

Roberto Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Outer Bark ◽

Inner Bark ◽

Prevotella Nigrescens ◽

Long Chain

Many essential oils (EOs) of different plant species possess interesting antimicrobial effects on buccal microorganisms and cytotoxic properties. EOs ofKielmeyera coriaceaMart. & Zucc. were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EO from leaves is rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The three major compounds identified were germacrene-D (24.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (11.6%). The inner bark EO is composed mainly of sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and the major components are alpha-copaene (14.9%) and alpha-(E)-bergamotene (13.0%). The outer bark EO is composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and long-chain alkanes, and the major components are alpha-eudesmol (4.2%) and nonacosane (5.8%). The wood EO is mainly composed of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids, and the major components are nonacosane (9.7%) and palmitic acid (16.2%). The inner bark EO showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against the anaerobic bacteriaPrevotella nigrescens(minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC of 50 µg mL−1). The outer bark and wood EOs showed MICs of 100 µg mL−1for all aerobic microorganisms tested. The EOs presented low toxicity to Vero cells. These results suggest thatK. coriacea, a Brazilian plant, provide initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances with medicinal interest.

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Chemical variability and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata and the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and their synergistic effect in combination

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200606213057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Imane Rihab Mami ◽

Noria Merad-Boussalah ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Food ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Ammoides Verticillata

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many disease. Some of appropriate actions that could be initiated to taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to study the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical analysis, the in vitro antioxidant properties of collective essential oils and in combinations. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The intraspecies variations of the essential oil compositions were discussed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH-radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: The main components of Ammoides verticillata collective essential oil (Coll EO) were thymol (30.5%), carvacrol (23.2%), p-cymene (13.1%), limonene (12.5%) and terpinene-4-ol (12.3%). While roots of Carthamus caeruleus essential oil were dominated by carline oxide (86.2%). The chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main Groups for both Coll EOs. A direct correlation between the altitudes, climate and the chemical compositions was evidenced. Ammoides verticulata and Carthamus caeruleus Coll Eos showed good antioxidant activity. In binary mixture, the interaction both Coll Eos and between oils rich of thymol and/or carvacrol with carlina oxide produced the best synergistic effects, compared to individual essential oils and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Conclusion: Ammoides verticillata and Carthamus caeruleus essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical antioxidants.

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Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Scorzonera Species

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5128

Author(s):

Karolina Lendzion ◽

Agnieszka Gornowicz ◽

Krzysztof Bielawski ◽

Anna Bielawska

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Starting Point ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Bioactive Potential

The genus Scorzonera comprises nearly 200 species, naturally occurring in Europe, Asia, and northern parts of Africa. Plants belonging to the Scorzonera genus have been a significant part of folk medicine in Asia, especially China, Mongolia, and Turkey for centuries. Therefore, they have become the subject of research regarding their phytochemical composition and biological activity. The aim of this review is to present and assess the phytochemical composition, and bioactive potential of species within the genus Scorzonera. Studies have shown the presence of many bioactive compounds like triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, or caffeic acid and quinic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from aerial and subaerial parts of the plants. The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties have been evaluated, together with the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activity. Scorzonera species have also been investigated for their activity against several bacteria and fungi strains. Despite mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, the bioactive properties in wound healing therapy and the treatment of microbial infections might, in perspective, be the starting point for the research on Scorzonera species as active agents in medical products designed for miscellaneous skin conditions.

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The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Sims K. Lawson ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Germacrene D ◽

First Time ◽

Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

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Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from Five Wild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-Silico Analyses

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Eman H. Reda ◽

Zienab T. Abdel Shakour ◽

Ali M. El-Halawany ◽

El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury ◽

Khaled A. Shams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Silico ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Principal Component ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Green Technologies ◽

Sample Classification ◽

Docking Approach

The genus Centaurea is recognized in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, anti-itch, antitussive, purgative, astringent, and tonic activities. To study the chemical determinant for antimicrobial activity essential oils (EOs), five Centaurea species were analyzed including: C. scoparia, C. calcitrapa, C. glomerata, C. lipii and C. alexandrina. Conventional hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), as new green technologies, were compared for the extraction of essential oils. GC/MS analysis identified 120 EOs including mostly terpenoid except from C. lipii and C. alexandrina in which nonterpenoids were the major constituents. Major terpenoids included spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and alloaromadendrene oxide-2. To probe antibacterial activity, potential EO inhibitors of a bacterial type II DNA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase B were screened via an in silico molecular docking approach. Spathulenol and alloaromadendrene oxide-2 possessed the best binding affinity in the ATP- binding pocket of Gyrase B enzyme. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were used for sample classification and revealed that sesquiterpenes contributed the most for accessions classification. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger for all EOs were also evaluated. EOs from C. lipii, C. glomerata and C. calcitrapa exhibited significant MIC against S. aureus with an MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL.

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Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Essential Oils fromCitrus × limon(L.)Burm. cv. Femminello Comune

Chemistry & Biodiversity ◽

10.1002/cbdv.201500186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 571-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Monica Rosa Loizzo ◽

Rosa Tundis ◽

Marco Bonesi ◽

Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽

Alessandra Verardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Profile

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Essential oils as alternative promising anti-Candidal agents: progress and prospects

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210914124344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Awad Shala ◽

Shweta Singh ◽

Saif Hameed ◽

.M.P. Khurana

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Fungal Resistance ◽

Antifungal Compounds ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Opportunistic Pathogenic

: Candida albicans is one of the main agents responsible for opportunistic pathogenic infections. The progressive emergence of fungal resistance to conventional antibiotics and its side effects as well as treatment costs are considered as major limitations for antifungal drugs. It has drawn scientists' attention to search for potential substitution and therapeutic reliable alternatives for the antifungal compounds from sources like medicinal plants, which contain numerous bioactive compounds such as essential oils. Essential oils (EO) apart from having lower toxicity and better biodegradability are eco-friendly in nature as compared with conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, extracted essential oils have been reported to possess potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that nominate them as natural promising candidates to combat numerous fungal ailments. Thus, determination of antifungal efficacy of essential oil-bearing plants on Candida spp. will provide miscellaneous knowledge for future clinical studies that are required for development of new formulations as alternative therapeutic agents to control the growth of Candida species. Therefore, this review summarizes the gist of major essential oils that have been investigated for their anti- Candida potential with some recommendations for further study.

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In vitro synergistic interactions of oleanolic acid in combination with isoniazid, rifampicin or ethambutol against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.014837-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 567-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Fa Ge ◽

Fanli Zeng ◽

Siguo Liu ◽

Na Guo ◽

Haiqing Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Oleanolic Acid ◽

Antimycobacterial Activity ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Reports have shown that oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid, exists widely in food, medicinal herbs and other plants, and that it has antimycobacterial activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (ATCC 27294). In this study it was found that OA had antimycobacterial properties against eight clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and that the MICs of OA against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates were 50–100 and 100–200 μg ml−1, respectively. The combination of OA with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) or ethambutol (EMB) showed favourable synergistic antimycobacterial effects against six drug-resistant strains, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.121–0.347, 0.113–0.168 and 0.093–0.266, respectively. The combination treatments of OA/INH, OA/RMP and OA/EMB displayed either a synergistic interaction or did not show any interaction against two drug-sensitive strains. No antagonism resulting from the OA/INH, OA/RMP or OA/EMB combination was observed for any of the strains tested. OA exhibited a relatively low cytotoxicity in Vero cells. These results indicate that OA may serve as a promising lead compound for future antimycobacterial drug development.

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Volatile Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Selected Citrus Essential Oils Originated from Nepal

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216683 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6683

Author(s):

Devi Prasad Bhandari ◽

Darbin Kumar Poudel ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

Karan Khadayat ◽

Sital Dhami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Citrus Peel ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Citrus species of plants are among the most commercially cultivated crops, mainly for their fruit. Besides, the generally consumed flesh inside the fruit, the peel is quite important too. Essential oils extracted from the peel have a history of being used by humankind for centuries. These essential oils are rich in antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Comparative investigation of volatile constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were undertaken. The essential oils were evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and enantiomeric composition by chiral GC–MS. Similarly, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, and antimicrobial activities were assayed using the disk diffusion method. The highest extraction yield of 1.83% was observed in Citrus sinensis Osbeck. GC–MS analysis showed limonene (63.76–89.15%), γ-terpinene (0.24–6.43%), β-pinene (0.15–6.09%), linalool (0.35–3.5%), sabinene (0.77–2.17%), myrcene (0.74–1.75%), α-terpineol (0.28–1.15%), and α-pinene (0.2–0.58%) as the major constituents of the essential oil of the Citrus species studied. For the first time, through our study, chiral terpenoids have been observed from Citrus grandis Osbeck essential oil. The order of antioxidant activity is as follows: Citrus grandis Osbeck red flesh > Citrus reticulata Blanco > Citrus sinensis Osbeck > Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh. Except for Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh (52.34 µL/mL), all samples demonstrated stronger antioxidant activities than those of the positive control, quercetin (5.60 µL/mL). Therefore, these essential oils can be used as a safe natural antioxidant to prevent product oxidation. Likewise, citrus peel essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains, albeit marginal.

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