scholarly journals Design of the Height of Antiglare Panels along Concave Vertical Curves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guo-hua Liang ◽  
Chen-hao Dong ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Xiao-xia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Transition Section ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Visual Continuity

This study introduces a method for calculating the height of antiglare panels for concave vertical curves. The concave vertical curve is divided into a straight-slope section, transition section, and middle section. The height of the antiglare panels in the middle section is designed based on the glare distance. The height in the straight-slope section is designed based on the height calculation formula given by the Chinese standard. The height of the antiglare panels in the middle section is greater than that in the straight-slope section. There should be a gradual transition in the height difference of the antiglare panels in the transition section. The height gradient of the antiglare panels in the transition section must be designed to ensure visual continuity and comfort for drivers. In the transition section, the transition design is carried out on the height difference of the antiglare panels using the UC-Win/Road simulation software to determine the acceptable height difference for drivers. When the radius of the concave vertical curve does not exceed 30,000 m, the height of the antiglare panel is required to be designed, and the height difference should not exceed 6 cm.

Ride Comfort Simulation of Minibus under Road Pulse Input

2013 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Yan Lei Zhu ◽  
Shao Wei Chen ◽  
Yong Gang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Pulse Input ◽  
Plane Vibration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vibration Model ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Response Variables

The plane vibration model of minibus with seven degree-of-freedom and its vibration response variables are established according to the plane and linear assumptions. The road pulse input is expressed based on Chinese standard with number of GB/T4970-2009. Ride comfort simulation software of minibus under road pulse input is developed with Matlab and applied to ride comfort analysis of minibus under road pulse input. A minibus is selected to analyze its ride comfort and the maximum absolute value of the vibration response variables are obtained at the speed from 10 to 60 kmh-1. The results show that the model and software can be used to ride comfort simulation of a minibus under road pulse input.

scholarly journals The Driving Risk Analysis and Evaluation in Rightward Zone of Expressway Reconstruction and Extension Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shaoxiang Yang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Quanli Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Transition Section ◽  
Driving Risk

In the expressway reconstruction and expansion engineering, the form of rightward zone is increasingly adopted, and its complicated traffic conditions can easily cause traffic accidents. In order to quickly and effectively grasp the traffic risk of the right diversion section, this study employs average speed, the coefficient of variation, the equivalent minimum safety distance, and the deceleration as evaluation indexes of driving risk, and then analyses the influence rules of traffic volume, the proportion of large vehicles, and the length of the transition section on each evaluation index by using Vissim simulation software. On the basis of this, we determine the weight of each evaluation index by the entropy method and establish the driving risk index evaluation model of the work zone with multiple linear regression. The results show that the partial regression coefficients of traffic volume, the proportion of large vehicles, and the length of the transition section to the driving risk index are 0.059, 0.317, and 0.15, respectively. Finally, in this paper, we analyze the traffic risk of example section based on the driving risk evaluation model. The results of evaluation are consistent with the number of measured conflicts. This study proposes a new method for predicting the traffic risk of the expressway reconstruction and extension engineering, which can provide a reference for the development of safety management measures in the rightward zone.

Calculation of Stretch Stress of Double-Layer Plate Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Yan Ru Li ◽  
Wan Shan Chen ◽  
Zhen Hai Wang ◽  
Hai Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Laminate Composite ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Middle Section

The stretch stress of each layer of laminate composite undergoes complex changes after being stretched, which significantly affects the stretch strength. In order to determine the magnitude of the change, the paper directly solved the stretch stress using the analytical method through simple assumptions, and obtained the analytical calculation formula. Studies on double-layer plates show that the magnitude of stretch stress is closely related to the elastic modulus, length and thickness dimensions of the plate layer, the shear modulus of the adhesive, the thickness of the adhesive layer, and the external stress, and the maximum stress occurs at the middle section. The calculation of the formula provides a convenient way to check the stretch strength.

Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Munk ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey ◽  
Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽  
Gerhild Nieding ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

In the Shadow of Violence: Lessons for Limited Access Societies

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. North ◽  
J. Wallis ◽  
S. Webb ◽  
B. Weingast
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Forthcoming Book ◽  
Personal Connections

The paper presents a summary of the forthcoming book by the authors and discusses the sample study of the 9 developing countries. While admitting the non-linearity of economic development they claim that the developing countries make a transition from the limited access orders (where the coalition of powerful elite groups plays a major role, that is based on personal connections and hampers free political and economic competition) to the open access orders with democratic government and efficient decentralized economic system. The major conclusion of this article is that what the limited access societies should do is not simply introducing open access institutions, but reorganizing the incentives of the elites so that to limit violence, provide economic and political stability and make a gradual transition to the open access order beneficial for the elites.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

Development of a Jacobian Module for Advanced Pulp and Paper Simulation and Control

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
MOHAMED CHBEL ◽  
LUC LAPERRIÈRE
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Pid Tuning ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
And Control ◽  
Operating Points

Pulp and paper processes frequently present nonlinear behavior, which means that process dynam-ics change with the operating points. These nonlinearities can challenge process control. PID controllers are the most popular controllers because they are simple and robust. However, a fixed set of PID tuning parameters is gen-erally not sufficient to optimize control of the process. Problems related to nonlinearities such as sluggish or oscilla-tory response can arise in different operating regions. Gain scheduling is a potential solution. In processes with mul-tiple control objectives, the control strategy must further evaluate loop interactions to decide on the pairing of manipulated and controlled variables that minimize the effect of such interactions and hence, optimize controller’s performance and stability. Using the CADSIM Plus™ commercial simulation software, we developed a Jacobian sim-ulation module that enables automatic bumps on the manipulated variables to calculate process gains at different operating points. These gains can be used in controller tuning. The module also enables the control system designer to evaluate loop interactions in a multivariable control system by calculating the Relative Gain Array (RGA) matrix, of which the Jacobian is an essential part.

Singapore in 1982: Gradual Transition to a New Order

Asian Survey ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Chan Heng Chee
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Transition ◽  
New Order

A Highly Efficient and Optimised Simulation Based Multi objective Decision-Making for FMS Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Shreyanshu Parhi ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Routing Flexibility ◽  
Decision System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Arena Simulation

Optimized and efficient decision-making systems is the burning topic of research in modern manufacturing industry. The aforesaid statement is validated by the fact that the limitations of traditional decision-making system compresses the length and breadth of multi-objective decision-system application in FMS.  The bright area of FMS with more complexity in control and reduced simpler configuration plays a vital role in decision-making domain. The decision-making process consists of various activities such as collection of data from shop floor; appealing the decision-making activity; evaluation of alternatives and finally execution of best decisions. While studying and identifying a suitable decision-making approach the key critical factors such as decision automation levels, routing flexibility levels and control strategies are also considered. This paper investigates the cordial relation between the system ideality and process response time with various prospective of decision-making approaches responsible for shop-floor control of FMS. These cases are implemented to a real-time FMS problem and it is solved using ARENA simulation tool. ARENA is a simulation software that is used to calculate the industrial problems by creating a virtual shop floor environment. This proposed topology is being validated in real time solution of FMS problems with and without implementation of decision system in ARENA simulation tool. The real-time FMS problem is considered under the case of full routing flexibility. Finally, the comparative analysis of the results is done graphically and conclusion is drawn.

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