Epidemiological and Clinical-Pathological Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Brazilian Children and Adults

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in the pediatric and adult population seen at a public hospital in São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Methods. This is a retrospective study that evaluated 2406 medical records of children, adolescents, and adults with dyspeptic symptoms who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. H. pylori diagnosis and demographic and clinical-pathological features were recorded. Results. A total of 852 subjects were H. pylori positive, with an overall prevalence of infection of 35.4%, occurring mainly in adults over 40 years of age, and a 24.7% prevalence considering only children and adolescents. No association was observed between H. pylori infection and risk factors. However, the H. pylori positive individuals showed a higher frequency of pangastritis (p<0.01), severe lesions (p=<0.001), and erosive lesions (p=0.04). The bacterium was eradicated in 83.5% (127) of the patients who received the standard therapy. Conclusions. The prevalence of H. pylori detected in a public service in São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil, is as expected for developed countries, showing growing rates with increasing age. As H. pylori infection occurs during childhood, screening programs for detection and prevention in the pediatric population are important to reduce the prevalence of this infection in adults.

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Neurologic Complications in Pediatric Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcome

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/08830738211067974 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 088307382110679

Author(s):

Eulàlia Turón-Viñas ◽

Susana Boronat ◽

Maria Trabazo ◽

Sònia Brió ◽

Elisabet Coca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nervous System ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Neurologic Complications

Neurologic complications following stem cell transplantation are of utmost importance owing to their high morbimortality. Although many studies have been performed in the adult population, reports in children are scarce. Our objective was to determine the most common neurologic complications in a pediatric population and to analyze possible risk factors for their development. We performed an exploratory retrospective study of neurologic complications in pediatric patients who had allogeneic stem cell transplantation over the last 18 years. We identified 66 neurologic complications in 178 allogeneic stem cell transplantations. The most frequent neurologic complications were those involving the peripheral nervous system and those related to drug toxicity. Survival decreased significantly in the presence of neurologic complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for developing neurologic complications were development of chronic extensive graft-vs-host disease requiring treatment, cytomegalovirus reactivation, and central nervous system radiation. Prompt diagnosis and preemptive treatment, if possible, are necessary to avoid long-term sequelae or mortality.

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Risk factors of acute poisoning among children: A study at a poisoning unit of a university hospital in Egypt

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15943 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 41-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raed M Alazab ◽

Mahmoud T Elmougy ◽

Ramadan A Fayad ◽

Hoda F Abdelsalam ◽

Amr S Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

University Hospital ◽

Accidental Poisoning ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Health Promotion Programs

Childhood poisoning is a major cause of morbidity in both developing and developed countries. In spite of the suc-cess of some interventions to prevent accidental poisoning in the pediatric population, toxic ingestions continue to be a common occurrence. This aim of this study was to identify the incidence rate and determinants of acute poison-ing among children (1-60 months old) who were admitted to the Poisoning Unit of a university hospital in Egypt. A study was conducted in the period from July 2011 until May 2012 at the poisoning unit of a university hospital. The studied children were from both rural and urban areas, were a mix of boys and girls, did not suffer from any mental disabilities, were aged between 1 month old to 60 months old, and were of Egyptian nationality. Data was collected by using a clinical examination form and a questionnaire. All parents/carers of the studied children were interviewed as well. Clinical assessment of the children included: general health conditions; AVPU (alert, respond to verbal stim-uli, respond to painful stimuli, unconsciousness); and clinical examinations. The findings of the study demonstrated that 18.5% of total admissions were children (1-60 months old), 62.5% were males, 83.3% did not attend nursery, 79.9% were from urban areas, 33% of mothers were illiterate, and 60.2% of poisonings were due to household prod-ucts. Kerosene alone was implicated in 24.3% of all cases; 37.4% of cases took place in the kitchen; 47.4% of cases were poisoned during the period between 8am and 4pm, and 65.4% reached the poisoning unit within 2 to 4 hours of accidental poisoning. Risk factors among the studied children were ordered by stepwise regression analysis as the following: non employed mothers; children who did not attend nursery; children of the male gender; and the educa-tion and literacy level of their mothers. Effective health promotion programs for parents and carers regarding poi-soning hazards are needed to increase awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15943 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 41-47

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Blunt cerebrovascular injury in pediatric trauma: a national database study

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2019.5.peds18765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 451-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominic A. Harris ◽

Danielle E. Sorte ◽

Sandi K. Lam ◽

Andrew P. Carlson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skull Base ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Pediatric Trauma ◽

National Database ◽

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury ◽

Cerebrovascular Injury

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) has not been well characterized in the pediatric population. The goal of this study was to describe the incidence, patient characteristics, and risk factors for pediatric patients with cerebrovascular injuries.METHODSThe authors collected data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), a nationally representative database of pediatric admissions, for years 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012.RESULTSAmong an estimated 646,549 admissions for blunt trauma, 2150 were associated with BCVI, an overall incidence of 0.33%. The incidence of BCVI nearly doubled from 0.24% in 2000 to 0.49% in 2012. Patients 4 to 13 years of age were less likely to have BCVI than those in the youngest (0–3 years) and oldest age groups comprising adolescents (14–17 years) and young adults (18–20 years). BCVIs were associated with cervical (adjusted OR [aOR] 4.6, 95% CI 3.8–5.5), skull base (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.5–3.6), clavicular (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8), and facial (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5) fractures, as well as intracranial hemorrhage (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2–3.2) and traumatic brain injury (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.3). Mechanism of injury was also independently associated with BCVI: motor vehicle collision (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2) and struck pedestrian (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9). Among pediatric patients with BCVI, 37.4% had cerebral ischemic infarction with an in-hospital mortality of 12.7%, and patients with stroke had 20% mortality.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of pediatric BCVI is increasing, likely due to increased use of screening, but remains lower than that in the adult population. Risk factors include the presence of cervical, facial, clavicular, and skull base fractures, similar to that of the adult population. Diagnosed BCVI is associated with a relatively high incidence of stroke with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of adult screening criteria is likely reasonable given the similarity in the risk factors identified in this study. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulation.

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Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.57.3.430 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 430-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Donner ◽

Charles R. Smith ◽

O. Carter Snead

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Therapeutic Range ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Case Series ◽

Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Sudden Unexplained Death ◽

Unexplained Death ◽

Symptomatic Epilepsy

Background: Sudden unexplained death is a significant cause of mortality in people with epilepsy. Risk factors that have been identified include male sex, poor compliance with medications, and antiepileptic drug (AED) polypharmacy. However, these may not apply to the pediatric population in which the causes of epilepsy differ from the adult population. Therefore, risk factors for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in children must be evaluated independently from those in the adult population.Methods: Cases of SUDEP in children less than 18 years of age occurring over a 10-year period in the province of Ontario, Canada, were identified. Records were reviewed for demographic and clinical features and neuropathology findings.Results: Twenty-seven cases of SUDEP in children were identified. Sixty-three percent were male. Age at death ranged from 8 months to 15 years. Fourteen children had symptomatic epilepsy (52%), five had cryptogenic epilepsy (18%), and eight had idiopathic epilepsy (30%). Twelve children were treated with one AED (46%), 10 were on two AED (38%), and three were on three AED (12%). At the time of death, seven children had one serum AED concentration below the therapeutic range (35%) and 12 children had AED levels within the therapeutic range (60%).Conclusions: This case series represents the largest series of sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy. At least two previously described risk factors for SUDEP in adults, low serum AED levels at time of death and AED polytherapy, do not appear to be significant in children.

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The underexamined association between posttraumatic stress disorder, medical illness and suicidal behavior

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2013-0063 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 279-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuriy Dobry ◽

Leo Sher

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Positive Association ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Adolescents And Adults

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is concerning not only because of the severity and chronicity of its symptoms – including distressing nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety attacks and maladaptive patterns of avoidant and nearly paranoid behavior – but also because of the wide spectrum of clinical and social impairments it is tightly associated with. The most striking example of clinical morbidity associated with PTSD is the well-known increase in the risk of suicidal behavior. Given that PTSD and medical illnesses increase the likelihood of suicide separately and independently, it is reasonable to suggest that the risk of suicidal behavior differs between patients suffering from PTSD comorbid with medical illnesses and patients having either condition alone. The available data point toward a novel clinical notion, an altered risk of suicidal behavior in patients suffering from comorbid PTSD and medical illnesses. This area of overlap between medicine and psychiatry is still in its infancy, with many unanswered questions about the rate, patterns and psychobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior in this patient population. The positive association between PTSD, medical illness and suicidal behavior that appears to exist in the adult population, most likely affects the pediatric population as well. Closer investigation into the significance of the association between chronic medical illnesses, PTSD and suicidality in children, adolescents and adults is necessary.

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of risk factors of oral cancer among the adult population of rural field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 574 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sofiya Crastha ◽

Selvi Thangaraj ◽

Ranganath Thimmanahalli Sobagiah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Adult Population ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Oral Examination ◽

Medical College ◽

Field Practice ◽

Research Institute

Background: Cancer is the non-communicable disease of public health importance. The oro-pharyngeal cancer is more common in developing than in developed countries. In India, oral cavity cancer is among the top five most common cancers in both sexes. Oral cancer is multi-factorial in nature, most of these risk factors can be prevented.The survival rate in oral cancer is directly related to the stage of diagnosis. Early diagnosis increases the probability of cure and minimizes the deformity. This study intends to find out the knowledge, awareness and practice of risk factors of oral cancer among rural population and to provide them health education about the prevention and early diagnosis. Methods: The cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the rural field practice area of BMCRI (Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute), among 311 adults. Results: Majority, 195 (62.8%) of the population did not know the site of oral cancer, 248 (79.8%) did not know any clinical features of the oral cancer and 117 (37.6%) did not know about any risk factors of oral cancer. About 177 (56.90%) people agreed that there is a need for screening and regular oral examination to detect the lesions early. Only 42 (13.5%) had undergone oral examination done in the last 1 year. Conclusions: There is a need to generate awareness regarding the risk factors and about the good and harmful practices in the community.

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Higher venom-specific IgE levels differentiate children with previous local large reactions from children with previous systemic reactions of different severity

Archives of Asthma Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.29328/journal.aaai.1001025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 017-021

Author(s):

Elide Anna Pastorello ◽

Linda Borgonovo ◽

Marta Piantanida ◽

Jan Walter Schroeder ◽

Valerio Pravettoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Systemic Reactions ◽

History Of ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Local Reactions ◽

Large Local Reactions

Introduction: Risk factors for systemic reactions (SRs) from hymenoptera venom (HV) allergy are well known in the adult population but they have been little studied in the pediatric one. Method: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for SRs in a population of children allergic to HV, comparing a series of clinical (age, gender, atopy, asthma) and laboratory (total IgE, tryptase, venom-specific IgE levels) variables between patients with at least two large local reactions (LLRs) and patients with SRs of different severity for the identified insect. We selected a population of HV allergic children aged <15 years with LLRs or SRs stratified according to Mueller grades after stinging. Results: The population included 80 children, 35 with at least 2 LLRs and 45 with SRs. The level of specific IgE for vespid (Polistes dominula, Vespula species) venoms was significantly higher (p = 0.0321) in children with SRs (Mueller grade II+III+IV) than in those with LLRs and the same significance was also found for specific IgE for Apis mellifera, considering SRs group (Mueller grade I+II+III+IV) in respect with LLRs group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The main difference in our pediatric population was the highest level of specific IgE in children with a history of SRs compared to those with a history of LLRs for both vespids and honey bees. These results, once confirmed on a larger population, could suggest the opportunity to follow the behavior of venom specific IgE in children with LLRs to reveal a risk to develop future more serious reactions.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children

10.5772/intechopen.99729 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mirjam Močnik ◽

Nataša Marčun Varda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Life ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Primordial Prevention ◽

Obesity Epidemic

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are still increasing in developed countries with emphasis on the obesity epidemic. Children and young adults are no exception. With modern lifestyle, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, kidney damage, are increasingly present in children leading to premature cardiovascular events in adult life. Cardiovascular risk factor can accelerate naturally progressing atherosclerosis, which should be prevented to facilitate quality and longevity of life. Primary and primordial prevention in the pediatric population are of utmost importance. However, if a cardiovascular risk factor is already present, frequent monitoring of possible development of other cardiovascular risk factors and evaluation of end organ damage should be implemented to intervene in time.

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Thyroid Cancer Risk Factors in Children with Thyroid Nodules: A One-Center Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10194455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 4455

Author(s):

Iwona Ben-Skowronek ◽

Joanna Sieniawska ◽

Emilia Pach ◽

Wiktoria Wrobel ◽

Anna Skowronek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Average Group ◽

Therapeutic Algorithms ◽

Thyroid Cancer Risk

Thyroid nodules are common in the adult population (13%), but in childhood, they are relatively rarely diagnosed (0.2–5%). The risk factors and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are well-known and effectively used in adults, but no clear procedures supported by scientific research are available in the pediatric population. Our aim in this study was to identify predictive factors for thyroid cancer in a pediatric population. We retrospectively analyzed 112 children (80 girls and 32 boys, aged 0.6–18 years, with an average group age of 13.4 ± 4.5 years) with thyroid nodules who presented or were referred between 2010 and 2021. A total of 37 children qualified for partial or total thyroidectomy. After histopathological nodule examination, the most common cases were benign lesions in 23 patients (57.5%) and malignant lesions in 14 children (32.5%). Solitary benign thyroid nodules were found in 16 children (40%). Malignancy risk was higher in children with increased nodule diameter (greater than 7 mm; p = 0.018) or hypoechogenic lesions in ultrasound (p = 0.010), with no correlation between increased blood flow in the vessels and tumor diagnosis. The relative risk of developing thyroid cancer for class III was found to be higher in comparison to adults and 11.1 times higher than for classes I and II combined.

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Stool Antigen Test is Effective and Sensitive for Detecting Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Bangladeshi Peptic Ulcer Patients

10.1101/2021.10.22.21265367 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Afreen Sultana ◽

Shakeel Ahmed ◽

Ershad Uddin Ahmed ◽

Abul Faisal MD. Nuruddin Chowdhury ◽

Abul Kalam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Status Group ◽

Urease Test ◽

Stool Antigen ◽

H Pylori ◽

Over 40 Years

Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary causative agent of peptic ulcer in multiple developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic value of a rapid immunochromatography-based H. Pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) test to screen H. pylori infection in Bangladeshi population. Methodology and results: A total of 140 suspected peptic ulcer patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh, were included in the study. Histopathology, Rapid Urease Test (RUT), and Microscopic examination of the stained smears were conducted to define H. pylori positive cases. Later, stool antigen detection test was done in H. pylori positive status group, H. pylori negative status group, indeterminate status group, and healthy controls. Out of 140 peptic ulcer suspected patients, 75 (53.6%) patients were confirmed to have peptic ulcer or erosions. Although the proportion of antral erosion was 57.4% in patients who were below 40 years, the proportion decreased to 23.4% in patients over 40 years. Patients over 40 years were mostly suffering from Prepyloric erosion (42.9%). All peptic ulcer patients were also positive on histopathological analysis. However, micorscopic grading of curved bacilli and RUT found 93.3% (70/75) and 89.3% (67/75) patients positive, respectively. High sensitivity (95%), specificity (80%), and diagnostic accuracy (91%) scores for HpSAg assay was obtained in our study. Conclusions, significance and impact of studies: The HpSAg test, for a comparatively less sophisticated assay, can be efficient in detecting the presence of H. pylori pre-and post-therapy and provide more valid test results than other invasive test methods.

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