scholarly journals Analysis of SO2 Pollution Changes of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region over China Based on OMI Observations from 2006 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Wang ◽  
Fengjie Zheng ◽  
Wenhao Zhang ◽  
Shutao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
The Government

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) as a kind of gaseous pollutant has a strong effect regarding atmospheric environment, air quality, and climate change. As one of the most polluted regions in China, air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region has attracted more attention. This paper aims to study the characteristics of SO2 distribution and variation over BTH. Spatial and temporal variations for a long term (2006–2017) over BTH derived from OMI PBL SO2 products were discussed. The temporal trends confirm that the SO2 loading falls from average 0.88 DU to 0.16 DU in the past 12 years. Two ascending fluctuations in 2007 and 2011 appeared to be closely related to the economic stimulus of each five-year plan (FYP). The spatial analysis indicates an imbalanced spatial distribution pattern, with higher SO2 level in the southern BTH and lower in the northern. This is a result of both natural and human factors. Meanwhile, the SO2 concentration demonstrates a decreasing trend with 14.92%, 28.57%, and 27.43% compared with 2006, during the events of 2008 Olympic Games, 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, and 2015 Military Parade, respectively. The improvement indicates that the direct effect is attributed to a series of long-term and short-term control measures, which have been implemented by the government. The findings of this study are desirable to assist local policy makers in the BTH for drawing up control strategies regarding the mitigation of environmental pollution in the future.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ye Lee ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

scholarly journals Contributions of Trans-boundary Transport to the Summertime Air Quality in Beijing, China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Yichen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Local Emissions ◽  
Factor Separation ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In the present study, the WRF-CHEM model is used to evaluate the contributions of trans-boundary transport to the air quality in Beijing during a persistent air pollution episode from 5 to 14 July 2015 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), China. Generally, the predicted temporal variations and spatial distributions of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter), O3 (ozone), and NO2 are in good agreement with observations in BTH. The WRF-CHEM model also reproduces reasonably well the temporal variations of aerosol species compared to measurements in Beijing. The factor separation approach is employed to evaluate the contributions of trans-boundary transport of emissions outside of Beijing to the PM2.5 and O3 levels in Beijing. On average, in the afternoon during the simulation episode, the pure local emissions contribute 22.4 % to the O3 level in Beijing, less than 36.6 % from pure emissions outside of Beijing. The O3 concentrations in Beijing are decreased by 5.1 % in the afternoon due to interactions of local emissions with those outside of Beijing. The pure emissions outside of Beijing play a dominant role in the PM2.5 level in Beijing, with a contribution of 61.5 %, much more than 13.7 % from pure Beijing local emissions. The emissions interactions enhance the PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, with a contribution of 5.9 %. Therefore, the air quality in Beijing is primarily determined by the trans-boundary transport of emissions outside of Beijing during summertime, showing that the cooperation with neighboring provinces to mitigate pollutant emissions is a key for Beijing to improve air quality. Considering the uncertainties in the emission inventory and the meteorological field simulations, further studies need to be performed to improve the WRF-CHEM model simulations to reasonably evaluate trans-boundary transport contributions to the air quality in Beijing for supporting the design and implementation of emission control strategies.

scholarly journals Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12013-12027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liu ◽  
X. M. Wang ◽  
J. M. Pang ◽  
K. B. He
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Improving the air quality in China is a long and arduous task. Although China has made very aggressive plans for air pollutant control, the difficulties in achieving the new air quality goals are still significant. A lot of cities are developing their implementation plan (CIP) for new air quality goals. In this study, a southern city, Guangzhou, has been selected to analyze the feasibility and difficulties of new air quality standard compliance, as well as the CIP evaluation. A comprehensive study of the air quality status in Guangzhou and the surrounding area was conducted using 22 monitoring sites collection data for O3, PM2.5 and PM10. The monthly non-attainment rates for O3 vary from 7 to 25% for May to November. The city average PM2.5 concentration was 53 μg m−3 in Guangzhou in 2010, which needs to be reduced by at least 34% to achieve the target of 35 μg m−3. The PM2.5 high violation months are from November to March. A CIP was developed for Guangzhou, which focused on PM2.5. Based on the CIP, the emission amounts of NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2025 would be controlled to 119, 61, 26 and 163 thousand tons, respectively, reduced by 51.9%, 55.9%, 61.8% and 41.3%, respectively, compared to 2010. Analysis of air quality using the model MM5-STEM suggests that the long-term control measures would achieve the PM2.5 and PM10 goals successfully by 2025. The PM2.5 annual average concentration would be reduced to 27 μg m−3 in 2025. However, such PM2.5-based emission control scenarios may enhance the ozone pollution problems. The O3 non-attainment rate would increase from 7.1% in 2010 to 12.9% in 2025, implying that ozone will likely become a major compliance issue with the new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). This suggests that O3 control must be taken into account while designing PM2.5 control strategies, especially PM2.5 compliance under increased atmospheric oxidation, and for VOCs / NOx reduction ratios need to be further investigated, in order to eventually achieve O3–PM2.5 co-improvement in this region or other cities.

scholarly journals Brick Sector and Air Quality: An Integrated Assessment towards 2020 Challenge of Environment Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Shazia Pervaiz ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Ameer Nawaz Akram ◽  
Filza Zafar Khan ◽  
Kanwal Javid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Brick sector is a mainstay of the urban economy of Punjab. The traditional technology of brick making emits a lot of toxic gases and smoke particulates into air. Hence, the Government of the Punjab, Pakistan announced a ban on low technology brick kiln operations during winter season by the end of December 2020. Initially, the existing set up of brick kilns and air pollution levels were evaluated before and during lockdown period using spatial application. Further, environmental parameters such as aerosols, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were determined to analyze the air quality, including metrological factors. Results of the study exhibited that the upper and central regions of Punjab are the major hubs of brick kilns. So, the level of air quality was inconsistent in the study period due to the existence of large mushrooms of brick kilns. Further, despite lockdown the highest concentration of carbon monoxide was recorded in the eastern side of the province, such as Kasur, Lahore, and Sheikhupura. The level of aerosols also fluctuated and shifted its trends in the central and southern part of the province. While SO2 and CO2 level declined and revealed a satisfactory level of air quality during shutdown. On the other hand, no significant relation to metrological factors, such as rain, is involved in the pollution reduction. Conclusively, the findings of the present study encourage the government agencies to realign the stringent control measures to improve the quality of air in the winter months using the experience of quarantine in 2020.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model of COVID-19 Using Fractional Derivative: Outbreak in India with Dynamics of Transmission and Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad S. Shaikh ◽  
Iqbal N. Shaikh ◽  
Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fixed Point Theory ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Approximation Technique ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) detected on Jan 30, 2020, in India, the number of cases rapidly increased to 3819 cases including 106 deaths as of 5 April 2020. Taking this into account, in the present work, we are studying a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission fractional-order COVID-19 model for simulating the potential transmission with the thought of individual social response and control measures by the government. The real data available about infectious cases from $14^{th}$ March to $26^{th}$ March 2020 is analysed and accordingly various parameters of the model are estimated or fitted. The Picard successive approximation technique and Banach's fixed point theory have been used for verification of the existence and stability criteria of the model. Numerical computations are done utilizing the iterative Laplace transform method. In the end, we illustrate the obtained results graphically. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effectiveness of preventive measures, predicting future outbreaks and potential control strategies using the mathematical model.

scholarly journals Impacts of Reopening Strategies for COVID-19 Epidemic: A Modeling Study in Piedmont Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pernice ◽  
Paolo Castagno ◽  
Linda Marcotulli ◽  
Milena Maria Maule ◽  
Lorenzo Richiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is a highly transmittable virus. Since the first person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in Italy on February 21 st , 2020, the number of people infected with SARS-COV-2 increased rapidly, mainly in northern Italian regions, including Piedmont. A strict lockdown was imposed on March 21 st until May 4 th when a gradual relaxation of the restrictions started. In this context, computational models and computer simulations are one of the available research tools that epidemiologists can exploit to understand the spread of the diseases and to evaluate social measures to counteract, mitigate or delay the spread of the epidemic. Methods This study presents an extended version of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed-Susceptible (SEIRS) model accounting for population age structure. The infectious population is divided into three sub-groups: (i) undetected infected individuals, (ii) quarantined infected individuals and (iii) hospitalized infected individuals. Moreover, the strength of the government restriction measures and the related population response to these are explicitly represented in the model. Results The proposed model allows us to investigate different scenarios of the COVID-19 spread in Piedmont and the implementation of different infection-control measures and testing approaches. The results show that the implemented control measures have proven effective in containing the epidemic, mitigating the potential dangerous impact of a large proportion of undetected cases. We also forecast the optimal combination of individual-level measures and community surveillance to contain the new wave of COVID-19 spread after the re-opening work and social activities. Conclusions Our model is an effective tool useful to investigate different scenarios and to inform policy makers about the potential impact of different control strategies. This will be crucial in the upcoming months, when very critical decisions about easing control measures will need to be taken.

scholarly journals Impacts of reopening strategies for COVID-19 epidemic: a modeling study in Piedmont region

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pernice ◽  
Paolo Castagno ◽  
Linda Marcotulli ◽  
Milena Maria Maule ◽  
Lorenzo Richiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is a highly transmittable virus. Since the first person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in Italy on February 21st, 2020, the number of people infected with SARS-COV-2 increased rapidly, mainly in northern Italian regions, including Piedmont. A strict lockdown was imposed on March 21st until May 4th when a gradual relaxation of the restrictions started. In this context, computational models and computer simulations are one of the available research tools that epidemiologists can exploit to understand the spread of the diseases and to evaluate social measures to counteract, mitigate or delay the spread of the epidemic. Methods This study presents an extended version of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed-Susceptible (SEIRS) model accounting for population age structure. The infectious population is divided into three sub-groups: (i) undetected infected individuals, (ii) quarantined infected individuals and (iii) hospitalized infected individuals. Moreover, the strength of the government restriction measures and the related population response to these are explicitly represented in the model. Results The proposed model allows us to investigate different scenarios of the COVID-19 spread in Piedmont and the implementation of different infection-control measures and testing approaches. The results show that the implemented control measures have proven effective in containing the epidemic, mitigating the potential dangerous impact of a large proportion of undetected cases. We also forecast the optimal combination of individual-level measures and community surveillance to contain the new wave of COVID-19 spread after the re-opening work and social activities. Conclusions Our model is an effective tool useful to investigate different scenarios and to inform policy makers about the potential impact of different control strategies. This will be crucial in the upcoming months, when very critical decisions about easing control measures will need to be taken.

Assessing Emissions Contribution of Intercity Trucking

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Sergio J. Ostria
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Emissions Inventories ◽  
Truck Transport ◽  
Drayage Operations ◽  
Implementation Plans

The contribution of intercity trucking to air pollution in a given region is readily recognized as significant by transportation and air quality planners. Other than emissions standards for newly sold trucks, neither the air quality nor the transportation planning communities has focused on implementing control strategies that directly mitigate emissions from intercity trucking. As nonattainment areas strive to comply with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the potential emission reduction benefits of truck-related control measures must be evaluated to ensure that all sources of emissions are considered in the planning processes. However, little is known about the contribution of intercity trucking to emissions inventories in regions across the country, particularly since the Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE emissions factor model is not well-suited for this purpose. The incorporation of intercity trucking in emission inventory estimates is reviewed, and a methodology by which intercity trucking emissions can be easily isolated using information documented in state implementation plans (SIPs) is developed. Using SIP data for a select number of metropolitan areas and the Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS), the emissions contributions of city-to-city truck transport and drayage operations are assessed. Furthermore, the contribution of intercity trucking to emission reductions in areas across the country is determined using information reported in 15 percent volatile organic compound reduction plans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document