scholarly journals The Effect of Moxibustion Stimulation on Local and Distal Skin Temperature in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Jiujie Kuang ◽  
Changchun Ji ◽  
Jiangtao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The aim of this study is to investigate the response of local and distal skin temperature to moxibustion stimulation (MS) and explore the effects of MS on sympathetic nerve activity. The distal skin temperatures of fingertips, as an indicator for sympathetic reflex response, were recorded using infrared camera during resting period (10 min), MS period (10 min), and natural cooling period (15 min), respectively. The MS without ash cleaning (AC) was applied to acupoints Quze (PC3) (Group I) and Lao Gong (PC8) (Group II), respectively. In Group III, the MS with the operation of AC was performed on PC8. The temperature responses of the local stimulation points and corresponding control points were also investigated. At the beginning of MS period, a significant increase of temperature on the stimulation point accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of temperature on fingertips was observed. A marked negative correlation was also obtained between temperature changes in the stimulation point and in the fingertips. At the end of natural cooling period (t = 34 min), the temperature of stimulation point was obviously higher than baseline values. In contrast, the temperatures of fingertips increased and then returned to the baseline levels during the second minute of MS period. In Group III, the temperature of stimulation point increased every time with the operation of AC, accompanied by the temperature decrease of middle fingertip. The findings suggest that moxibustion may trigger the sympathetic nervous system and induce the reduction of microcirculation, accompanied by a reduction of fingertip temperature. In addition, the operation of AC caused repeated cycles of thermal stimulation on the stimulation point, which may repetitively activate cutaneous sympathetic nerve fibres and evoke the temperature reduction of fingertips.

Extremity skin temperature in British and Zebu cross cattle

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Johnson ◽  
M. E. D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Trunk Skin

1. Extremity skin temperature changes in British and Zebu cross cattle examined in moderate thermal environments followed a thermoregulatory pattern similar to that describedby Whittow (1962). At low environmental temperatures, ear and lower leg skin temperatures were usually only slightly above air temperature. At a variable time after air temperatures began to rise or the animals were fed, extremity skin temperatures increased suddenly to near trunk skin temperature.2. In eight of the ten pairs of animals studied in rising ambient temperatures and during feeding after fasting for 36–72 hr, increases in ear temperature were measured in the British animal before similar changes occurred in its Zebu counterpart. Changes in lower leg skin temperature followed a similar pattern.Trunk skin temperatures and respiratory frequencies were significant higher in British cross animals than in Zebu cross animals of similar thermal history. The mean rectal temperature of both British and Zebu cattle was 38·5 °C.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Penyerapan Air Dan Kelarutan Resin Komposit

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Kholidina Imanda Harahap ◽  
Rusfian Rusfian ◽  
Affan Ali Al-Harits
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dental Restorative ◽  
One Way Anova

The existence of composite resin as dental restorative materials in the mouth will always be exposed to temperature changes from food or drink. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on water absorption and solubility of the composite resin. Thirty samples made from nanofiller composite resin with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. The samples were divided into three test groups (n=10) that is immersed at 50 (I), 37 (II) and 5 °C (III). The testing procedure of water sorption and solubility of the composite resin made according to the ISO 4049: 2000 specifications. Data will be analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Least Significance Data test (p=0,05). The results showed there is significant differences of the water sorption (p=0,045)  and solubility (p=0,018). The highest water sorption is group I (0,0057±0,007µg/mm3) than group II (0,0028±0,0013 µg/mm) and group III (0,0005±0,0006 µg/mm). While the heighest solubility values   are in group I (0,003 ± 0,0027 µg/ mm), than group II (0,002 ± 0,0013 µg/mm) and group III (0,001 ± 0,00 µg/mm). It can be concluded that temperature could increase water sorption and solubility of composite resin.

scholarly journals Influence of infrared camera model and evaluator reproducibility in the assessment of skin temperature responses to physical exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 102913
Author(s):  
Álvaro S. Machado ◽  
Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada ◽  
Irene Jimenez-Perez ◽  
Marina Gil-Calvo ◽  
Felipe Pivetta Carpes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Camera Model ◽  
Temperature Responses

scholarly journals Hot or not? Thermal reactions to social contact

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Hahn ◽  
Ross D. Whitehead ◽  
Marion Albrecht ◽  
Carmen E. Lefevre ◽  
David I. Perrett
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Body Temperature Increase ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Previous studies using thermal imaging have suggested that face and body temperature increase during periods of sexual arousal. Additionally, facial skin temperature changes are associated with other forms of emotional arousal, including fear and stress. This study investigated whether interpersonal social contact can elicit facial temperature changes. Study 1: infrared images were taken during a standardized interaction with a same- and opposite-sex experimenter using skin contact in a number of potentially high–intimate (face and chest) and low–intimate (arm and palm) locations. Facial skin temperatures significantly increased from baseline during the face and chest contact, and these temperature shifts were larger when contact was made by an opposite-sex experimenter. Study 2: the topography of facial temperature change was investigated in five regions: forehead, periorbital, nose, mouth and cheeks. Increased temperature in the periorbital, nose and mouth regions predicted overall facial temperature shifts to social contact. Our findings demonstrate skin temperature changes are a sensitive index of arousal during interpersonal interactions.

IV Ketamine-Induced Skin Temperature Changes in a Patient with Unilateral Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type II

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Ashraf F. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Background: Ketamine is increasingly being utilized off-label for numerous difficult-to-treat conditions when conservative treatment options fail to provide an adequate clinical response. One such condition is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CRPS is characterized by pain, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and functional decline. While ketamine has been used successfully to treat the disease, its mechanism of action remains hotly debated and not well-understood. Case Report: Here, we describe a clinical case of CRPS in a female patient who was refractory to conventional treatment options. Skin temperatures were measured in the affected and unaffected limb before, during, and after intravenous infusion with ketamine. We report that skin temperature increased in the CRPS-affected limb despite the known sympathomimetic effects of ketamine expected to produce vasoconstriction. Conclusion: The novel findings presented herein are intended to spur formal well-controlled and powered clinical studies, which may better elucidate the vascular effects of ketamine in this underserved patient population. Key words: Complex regional pain syndrome, depression, esketamine, ketamine hydrochloride, suicidality, thermal imaging

Effect of Cryotherapy Devices in the Postoperative Setting

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Shibuya ◽  
Theresa L. Schinke ◽  
Michael B. Canales ◽  
Gerard V. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Compression Bandage ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Postoperative Setting

Background: Sophisticated methods of cryotherapy, such as application of a water-circulating device, have recently been popularized to provide a constant or intermittent therapeutic source in the foot and ankle postoperative setting. In this study, the efficacy and safety of three selected cryotherapy devices (Iceman, EBIce, and Ankle Cryo/Cuff) were investigated. Methods: Each cryotherapy unit, in the coldest setting, was applied over standard surgical dressings in group I, over one layer of Jones compression bandage in group II, and over two layers of Jones compression bandage in group III on four individuals in excellent overall health. The skin temperature was then recorded every 15 min for 180 min in each trial. Results: In group I, the Iceman was the only device that required discontinuation in one subject, and the EBIce and Cryo/Cuff were tolerated in all of the subjects. However, the temperatures in all of the devices continued to decrease at the end of the trials. In group II, all of the cryotherapy devices controlled temperatures between 20°C (68°F) and 30°C (86°F). In group III, no device significantly lowered the initial surface skin temperature. Conclusions: We achieved the safe and effective temperature range when the cryotherapy devices were applied over one layer of Jones compression dressing. The cryotherapy devices resulted in less predicable temperature declination when applied over the thinner surgical dressing. When the devices were applied over two layers of Jones compression dressing, surface skin temperature declination was minimal. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(6): 439–446, 2007)

Experimental investigations on the afferent fibres in muscle nerves

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (893) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Excitatory Action ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up

Nerves to various muscles of the cat’s hind limb have been stimulated under conditions designed to give uniform distribution of current throughout the whole cross-section of the nerve, and the conducted action potentials have been recorded from the dorsal roots. Alterna­tively, stimuli have been applied to a dorsal root and the conducted action potentials recorded from the nerve to a muscle. Strong stimuli evoke a compound spike potential with a time distribution conforming with the standard fibre-calibre spectrum. Following the large group I spike there is usually a double spike attributable to group II fibres, and a very low group III spike. The stimulus strength has to be increased to about twice threshold in order to set up a maximum group I spike, but a group II spike is usually detectable when the stimulus is increased to 1.3 to 1.4 times group I threshold. Group II b fibres usually have a higher threshold than group II a , and a group III spike is not as a rule detectable until the stimulus is about three times group I threshold. The excitatory and inhibitory actions of an afferent volley from a muscle on the moto-neurones of that muscle or of a synergic muscle have been revealed by the change in mono­ synaptic reflex response to a later testing volley (maximal for group I fibres) either in that same afferent nerve (homosynaptic testing) or in the afferent nerve from a synergic muscle (heterosynaptic testing). The conditioning volley has been set up by stimuli whose strength has varied from threshold for group I fibres to m any times that value, and several standard testing intervals have been chosen. From the data so obtained it has been possible to deter­mine the reflex effects exerted by the different groups of afferent fibres. The group I afferent fibres in the nerve of a flexor or extensor muscle exert the well-known excitatory action on the motoneurones of that muscle (autogenetic excitation). Our methods have failed to reveal any autogenetic inhibitory action, though its existence is not thereby disproven. The group III impulses of extensor muscles have a powerful autogenetic inhibitory action, while the group II impulses either have no detectable action or are weak autogenetic inhibitors. On the contrary, with flexor muscles both group II and group III impulses exert an effective autogenetic excitatory action. In addition, the group I afferent impulses of both extensor and flexor muscles exert on moto­-neurones an autogenetic depressant action which is clearly distinguishable from autogenetic inhibition. It is observed at an interval of more than 10 msec, subsequent to an excitatory action which was too weak to generate a reflex discharge. Since, in contrast to inhibition, this depression is virtually restricted to a homosynaptic testing reflex, it is attributed to the subnormality associated with the positive after-potential of the activated subsynaptic areas of motoneurones, and has been called ‘subsynaptic depression’.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

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