scholarly journals First Microbiological and Molecular Identification ofRhodococcus equiin Feces of Nondiarrheic Cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carolina Lechinski de Paula ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes ◽  
Geraldo de Nardi Júnior ◽  
Selene Daniela Babboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Type A ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Rhodococcus equiis responsible for infections in multiple-host animals. In humans, the prevalence of rhodococcus has increased worldwide and represents an emergent risk.R. equiis a soil-borne opportunistic bacterium isolated from feces of a wide variety of domestic species, except cats; thus, there is no known potential risk of its transmission from humans. Here, the mono- and cooccurrence ofRhodococcus equiand other bacteria and selected virulence markers were investigated in feces of nondiarrheic cats from urban (n=100) and rural (n=100) areas. Seven (7/200=3.5%)R. equiisolates were recovered in ceftazidime, novobiocin, and cycloheximide (CAZ-NB) selective media, exclusively of cats from three distinct farms (p=0.01), and these cats had a history of contact with horses and their environment (p=0.0002). None of theR. equiisolates harbored hosted-adapted plasmid types associated with virulence (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN). One hundred seventy-fiveE. coliisolates were identified, and 23 atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC), 1 STEC (Shiga-toxin producingE. coli), and 1 EAEC (enteroaggregativeE. coli) were detected. Eighty-sixC. perfringenstype A isolates were identified, and beta-2 and enterotoxin were detected in 21 and 1 isolates, respectively. FiveC. difficileisolates were identified, one of which was toxigenic and ribotype 106. The main cooccurring isolates in cats from urban areas wereE. coliandC. perfringensA (26/100=26%),E. coliandC. perfringenstype Acpb2+(8/100=8%), and aEPEC (eae+/escN+) andC. perfringenstype A (5/100=5%). In cats from farms, the main cooccurring isolates wereE. coliandC. perfringenstype A (21/100=21%),E. coliandC. perfringenstype Acpb2+8/100=8%), andE. coliandR. equi(4/100=4%). We identified, for the first time,R. equiin nondiarrheic cats, a finding that represents a public health issue because rhodococcus has been reported in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent humans, particularly people living with HIV/AIDS.

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

scholarly journals Predictors of virological failure among people living with HIV receiving first line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: retrospective cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mesic ◽  
Alexander Spina ◽  
Htay Thet Mar ◽  
Phone Thit ◽  
Tom Decroo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Progress toward the global target for 95% virological suppression among those on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is still suboptimal. We describe the viral load (VL) cascade, the incidence of virological failure and associated risk factors among people living with HIV receiving first-line ART in an HIV cohort in Myanmar treated by the Médecins Sans Frontières in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including adult patients with at least one HIV viral load test result and having received of at least 6 months’ standard first-line ART. The incidence rate of virological failure (HIV viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL) was calculated. Multivariable Cox’s regression was performed to identify risk factors for virological failure. Results We included 25,260 patients with a median age of 33.1 years (interquartile range, IQR 28.0–39.1) and a median observation time of 5.4 years (IQR 3.7–7.9). Virological failure was documented in 3,579 (14.2%) participants, resulting in an overall incidence rate for failure of 2.5 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Among those who had a follow-up viral load result, 1,258 (57.1%) had confirmed virological failure, of which 836 (66.5%) were switched to second-line treatment. An increased hazard for failure was associated with age ≤ 19 years (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.51; 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.20–1.89; p < 0.001), baseline tuberculosis (aHR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.49; p < 0.001), a history of low-level viremia (aHR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42–1.81; p < 0.001), or a history of loss-to-follow-up (aHR 1.24; 95% CI 1.41–1.52; p = 0.041) and being on the same regimen (aHR 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.76; p < 0.001). Cumulative appointment delay was not significantly associated with failure after controlling for covariates. Conclusions VL monitoring is an important tool to improve programme outcomes, however limited coverage of VL testing and acting on test results hampers its full potential. In our cohort children and adolescents, PLHIV with history of loss-to-follow-up or those with low-viremia are at the highest risk of virological failure and might require more frequent virological monitoring than is currently recommended.

The Mae on Project: Using Acupuncture for Symptom Relief and Improved Quality of Life for People Living with Hiv and Aids in Rural Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Louie ◽  
Nopporn Pathanapornpandh ◽  
Unchalee Pultajuk ◽  
Robert Kaplan ◽  
Ian Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acupuncture in combination with antiretroviral therapies is a potentially useful treatment for HIV-related symptom relief in resource-poor settings. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of being used to enhance immune function. In the setting of HIV, Chinese traditional medicine allows for symptom treatment without adding extra medications to a complex drug regime. This paper provides details of a project at Mae On Hospital in rural northern Thailand where allopathic/conventional treatments are used in tandem with acupuncture. A preliminary evaluation of the project suggests that an integrated approach to symptom relief is viewed positively by respondents receiving acupuncture, though further studies are required to confirm the association between acupuncture and symptom relief. The project also demonstrates the feasibility of developing a cost-effective acupuncture programme using local healthcare staff.

scholarly journals Clinical and biological profiles of older adults aged 50 and over compared to those under 50 in people living with HIV attending Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital (DR Congo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 087-095
Author(s):  
Mbula MMK ◽  
Longo-Mbenza B ◽  
Situakibanza HNT ◽  
Mananga GL ◽  
Makulo JRR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: The survival of people living with HIV (PLWHIVs) is increased and Health systems will have to deal with the early-aging-associated medical conditions. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical and biological profiles of PLWHIVs aged 50 and over and those aged less than 50 years. Material and methods: This study conducted at Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital (KUTH) covers 6 years. The clinical and biological characteristics of PLWHIVs aged 50 and over were compared with those under 50. Statistical analysis used the means ± SD, the calculation of frequencies, Student’s t-test and Chi-square. Results: PLWHIVs aged 50 or over represented 35.1%. Their average age was 58.0 ± 4.8 years. Women predominate among those under 50 and men among those 50 and over. Married people were more numerous (54% among those under 50). There were more unemployed (50% of PLHIV under 50). Patients 50 years and older were significantly classified as WHO stage 4 with a high frequency of history of tuberculosis, genital herpes, high blood pressure, smoking, vomiting, hepatomegaly, moderate elevation of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and sytolic blood pressure (SBP), tuberculosis and anemia. Those under 50 had a significantly increased frequency of shingles, hepatitis B-hepatitis C, headaches and more survivals. The mean of Hb, HDL-C, and CD4s+ were significantly lower in patients 50 years and older, and urea, LDL-C, and ALAT levels were significantly higher. Conclusion: The average age was higher from 50 years old. These PLWHIVs were more frequently in WHO stage 4 with more common TB and anemia. Their Hb, HDL-C, and CD4s+ levels were lower while their urea, LDL-C and ALAT levels were significantly elevated.

scholarly journals A comparative study to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students in rural schools of South Kerala and South Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Cyril ◽  
Baburaj Stephenson ◽  
Joy John ◽  
Anju Mirin Alex ◽  
Sony S. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far.  India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV. Epidemiological data on AIDS suggests that in many cases, HIV infection was acquired during adolescence and lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons.  Hence, an ardent need was felt to assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents regarding AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students of rural schools in South Kerala and in South Tamil Nadu.   Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted among higher secondary students of twelfth standard using a predesigned and validated self-administered questionnaire. An educational intervention regarding AIDS lasting for 30 min was given after the test. Data analysis was done using appropriate software.Results: The mean knowledge scores of students from Kerala (11.57) and Tamil Nadu (11.51) were almost same. Television, newspaper and teachers were the main source of information about AIDS. Beliefs like Whiteman’s disease can spread through mosquito bite, sharing vessels and giving shake hands/touching were highly prevalent in the study subjects.Conclusions: Proper emphasis should be given to teachers on mentoring adolescents and imparting them with the needed knowledge on HIV/AIDS to enable them to overcome this period of stress and storm.

scholarly journals Improving Adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu State, South East Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. P. Igweagu ◽  
O. H. Chime ◽  
C. N. Onwasigwe
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 32 million lives so far. There were approximately 37.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) at the end of 2018. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life among people with HIV infection. Aims: The study was conducted to improve the knowledge and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among PLHIV in Enugu state, southeast Nigeria. Study Design: Interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: Anti-retroviral Therapy clinics within Enugu metropolis in Enugu state Nigeria between June to December 2018. Methodology: A health education intervention was carried out among 312 PLHIV receiving ART in Enugu metropolis to improve their perception and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 312 PLHIV (156 each in the study and control groups), who were selected by multistage sampling. Subsequently, health education was conducted among the study group. Three months after this intervention its effects were assessed through a survey using the same structured questionnaires employed in the baseline survey.  Results: The most frequently occurring reason given by the respondents for poor adherence to ART was forgetfulness (65.4% for study and 69.9% for control groups). Knowledge of the factors and consequences of poor adherence to treatment was significantly higher among the study group than the controls post-interventions p<0.001. Adherence to ART improved from 42.3% pre-intervention to 81.4% post-intervention. Conclusion: Intensive health education effectively improved adherence to ART among persons living with HIV/AIDS and this should be carried out regularly.

scholarly journals The burden of anxiety among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Marbaniang ◽  
Shashikala Sangle ◽  
Smita Nimkar ◽  
Kanta Zarekar ◽  
Sonali Salvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Introduction Globally, India has the third largest population of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the second highest number of COVID-19 cases. Anxiety is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. It is crucial to understand the burden of anxiety and its sources among Asian Indian PLHIV during the COVID pandemic, but data are limited. Methods During the first month of government mandated lockdown, we administered an anxiety assessment via telephone among PLHIV registered for care at a publicly funded antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Pune, India. Generalized anxiety was defined as GAD-7 score ≥ 10. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared by anxiety status (GAD-7 score ≥ 10 vs GAD-7 score < 10). Qualitative responses to an open-ended question about causes of concern were evaluated using thematic analysis. Results Among 167 PLHIV, median age was 44 years (IQR 40–50); the majority were cisgender women (60%) and had a monthly family income < 200 USD (81%). Prior history of tuberculosis and other comorbidities were observed in 38 and 27%, respectively. Overall, prevalence of generalized anxiety was 25% (n = 41). PLHIV with GAD-7 score ≥ 10 had fewer remaining doses of ART than those with lower GAD-7 scores (p = 0.05). Thematic analysis indicated that concerns were both health related and unrelated, and stated temporally. Present concerns were often also projected as future concerns. Conclusions The burden of anxiety was high during COVID lockdown in our population of socioeconomically disadvantaged PLHIV in Pune and appeared to be influenced by concerns about ART availability. The burden of anxiety among PLHIV will likely increase with the worsening pandemic in India, as sources of anxiety are expected to persist. We recommend the regular use of short screening tools for anxiety to monitor and triage patients as an extension of current HIV services.

scholarly journals 1313. Complementary Effects of Medical Follow-up and Virologic Suppression for Reincarcerated Inmates Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S474-S474
Author(s):  
Melissa E Badowski ◽  
R Kane Stafford ◽  
Brian W Drummond ◽  
Thomas D Chiampas ◽  
Sarah M Michienzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Although prison presents an opportunity to achieve virologic suppression (VS) among people living with HIV, continued success is not guaranteed upon release. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in reincarcerated Illinois prisoners from January 1, 2016 to July 31, 2018. Patients were included if they were age ≥18 years, carried a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of release, and had CD4 and HIV-1 RNA labs drawn within 6 months of release and reincarceration. Potential subjects were excluded if reincarcerated within 30 days due to a technical violation and not receiving ART at the time of prison release. Primary and secondary endpoints were percent of patients achieving VS upon reincarceration and percent of patients following at an HIV clinic while released. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square, and paired t-tests. Results Among 505 patients released during the study period, 95 patients were reincarcerated and 80 were included (Figure 1). Demographic information can be found in Table 1. Fifty-one patients (64%) reported follow-up at an HIV clinic while released, whereas 29 (36%) did not. Patients who had VS at the time of prison release were more likely to make their follow-up appointment (90%) compared with those who did not (69%) (P < 0.001). In addition, patients making their follow-up appointment were also more likely to have VS at the time of reincarceration (86% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). Recidivist patients adherent to ART were less likely to experience decreases in mean CD4 count (P = 0.03) (Table 2). Subjects reporting a history of substance use were more likely not to re-engage in post-release HIV care (P = 0.001), but no difference was noted in patients with a documented psychiatric history (P = 0.2). Conclusion Patients failing to meet VS at the time of prison release should be targeted for more intensive re-entry medical and case management support to ensure adherence to follow-up and maintenance of immunologic function. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Correlation between history of contact with people living with HIV AIDS PWAs and tolerant attitudes toward HIV AIDS and PWAs in rural Thailand

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Takai ◽  
Som Arch Wongkhomthong ◽  
Akira Akabayashi ◽  
Ichiro Kai ◽  
Gen Ohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village People ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study examines the hypothesis that people who have more contact with PWAs people living with AIDS are more tolerant than those who have no contact with them. Four provinces with different incidence of AIDS in 4 different regions of Thailand were selected. Structured questionnaire interviews were conducted with village people, asking about their history of contact with PWAs, and knowledge and attitudes toward HIV AIDS and PWAs n =434 . An lAttitude Score , which indicates an accepting attitude or tolerance toward HIV AIDS and PWAs, was developed using the results of the questionnaire on attitudes. Six factors: sex, education, age, province, knowledge, and history of contact with PWAs were positively correlated with the Attitude Score. After a multiple regression analysis, contact with PWAs was significantly associated with Attitude Score. This study is one of the first analytical studies conducted in a non Western country to show that people s tolerant attitudes towards HIV AIDS and PWAs are positively related to their history of contact with HIV AIDS and PWAs. This finding should have important implications for future educational programmes and preventative intervention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document