scholarly journals Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by TiO2 Nanoparticles in Rats: A Morphological and Metabonomic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Valentini ◽  
Pascaline Rugira ◽  
Annica Frau ◽  
Vanessa Tagliatti ◽  
Raphaël Conotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Enzymatic Markers ◽  
Treatment Dosage ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are produced abundantly and are frequently used as a white pigment in the manufacture of paints, foods, paper, and toothpaste. Despite the wide ranges of uses, there is a lack of information on the impact of NPs on animal and human health. In the present study, rats were exposed to different doses of TiO2 nanoparticles and sacrificed, respectively, 4 days, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment. Dosage of TiO2 in tissues was performed by ICP-AES and revealed an important accumulation of TiO2 in the liver. The nanoparticles induced morphological and physiological alterations in liver and kidney. In the liver, these alterations mainly affect the hepatocytes located around the centrilobular veins. These cells were the site of an oxidative stress evidenced by immunocytochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Kupffer cells are also the site of an important oxidative stress following the massive internalization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Enzymatic markers of liver and kidney functions (such as AST and uric acid) are also disrupted only in animals exposed to highest doses. The metabonomic approach allowed us to detect modifications in urine samples already detectable after 4 days in animals treated at the lowest dose. This metabonomic pattern testifies an oxidative stress as well as renal and hepatic alterations.

scholarly journals Impairment of Hepatic and Renal Functions by 2,5-Hexanedione Is Accompanied by Oxidative Stress in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Adedara ◽  
Amos O. Abolaji ◽  
Blessing E. Odion ◽  
Isioma J. Okwudi ◽  
Abiola A. Omoloja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Aminotransferases ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the toxic metabolite of n-hexane which is widely used as solvent in numerous industries. The present study elucidated the precise mechanism of 2,5-HD in hepatorenal toxicity by determining the involvement of oxidative stress in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% 2,5-HD in drinking water for 21 days. Exposure to 2,5-HD caused liver and kidney atrophy evidenced by significant elevation in serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and electrolytes levels compared with control. The marked dose-dependent increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was accompanied with significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in 2,5-HD-exposed animals when compared with the control. Administration of 2,5-HD significantly diminished glutathione (GSH) level but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) concomitantly with marked elevation in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and kidney of the treated groups compared with control. These findings suggest that undue exposure to 2,5-HD at environmentally relevant levels may impair liver and kidney functions through induction of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sub Acute Administration of Purified Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) to The Liver and Kidney Functions and its Reversibility on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Armenia Armenia A ◽  
Dita Permatasari ◽  
Lathifah Putri Sinamar ◽  
Keke Estera ◽  
Almahdy Ahmadin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932581989925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quadri K. Alabi ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

Diclofenac (DF) is widely used in the treatment of pain and fever. Despite it therapeutic benefits, it triggered hepatorenal injury. Thus, the present study investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV) against DF-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. The rats were allotted into groups: control group received propylene glycol and treatment groups received DF, which induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats and different doses of KV that prevented systemic toxicity of DF in rats. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were killed. Pro-inflammatory levels, markers of liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress, hematological indices, and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Diclofenac caused significant increase in the plasma levels of creatinine and urea and activities of liver enzymes, including bilirubin level, pro-inflammatory markers, and plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It also caused significant alteration in renal and hepatic PGE2, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and hematological indices. These toxic effects were confirmed by histological studies and levels of inflammatory infiltration (myeloperoxidase). However, KV significantly prevented or reduced the adverse effects of DF in the plasma, liver, and kidney of the rats pretreated with KV before DF administration. This study showed the efficacy of KV as hepatic and renal protector in DF-induced hepatorenal toxicity through reduction of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation.

scholarly journals Hepatorenal Protective Effects of Sesame Seeds Oil, Flaxseed Oil and their Mixture against Methotrexate Toxicity in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
HagaR Farid Elbakry ◽  
◽  
Hoda Abdel Rahman Abdel Salam ◽  
Sherein Saeid Abdelgayed ◽  
Doha A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Sesame Seed Oil ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-metabolite drug used in the treatment of many cancers and autoimmune diseases. Methods: This study investigated the protective effect of flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil, and their mixture on the MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Thirty rats divided into five groups of: normal control, MTX control, and flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil, and the mixture groups. The oils were administered to rats orally (2 ml/kg) for nine consecutive days followed by a methotrexate injection intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) on the 9th day. Blood samples, liver and kidney tissues were collected from all rats for biochemical studies and histopathological assessments. The total phenolic content and fatty acid profiles of the oils were also determined. Results: Methotrexate induced hepatorenal toxicity as evident by the histopathological assessments of liver and kidneys, elevation of liver and kidney functions’ biomarkers, and increased plasma and liver oxidative stress associated with a rise in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as an inflammatory marker. Administration of flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil or the mixture prevented the MTX-toxicity at varying degrees as shown by reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and improved liver and kidney functions. The mixture was the most efficient treatment associated with the histopathological improvements in the liver and kidney tissue samples, and all biochemical parameters tested. Conclusion: Flaxseed oil, sesame seeds oil and the mixture may be used therapeutically to prevent hepatorenal toxicity induced by MTX. The effect is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oils with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Acute Cadmium Exposure Causes Systemic and Thromboembolic Events in Mice

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. FAHIM ◽  
A. NEMMAR ◽  
S. DHANASEKARAN ◽  
S. SINGH ◽  
M. SHAFIULLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions.

Hormonal and organ-specific dysfunction induced by the interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and salicylic acid in male mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽  
Mohammad S. Al-Harbi ◽  
Fatimah F.E. Al hamayani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

AbstractNanomaterials coating gained much concern in orthopedic implants and cosmetics. Drug combination may be a promising strategy for treating multi-factorial diseases. Titanium dioxide (TDN) nanoparticles are being widely used in many industries as well as in medicine and pharmacology. Therefore, increased human and environmental exposure can be expected, which has put TDN under toxicological scrutiny, and it is necessary to address the potential health and safety implications of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine. The toxicity of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TDN) and salicylic acid (SA) separately or in combination was studied for 21 days.The liver and kidney biomarker were determined, and hormones and oxidative stress levels were detected in mice.The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of TDN and SA in combination had a potential toxicological effect on major organs and hormonal homeostasis of mice. TDN and SA could antagonistically interact to affect the liver and kidney functions. No synergistic damage was observed in the liver function of mice that were treated with both TDN and SA as compared to the SA group. TDN acted as a synergistic agent to SA in the case of total cholesterol and total proteins levels. SA acted as antagonistic to the effect of TDN when injected together in mice because the effect on kidney functions is less than that predicted on the basis of the additive. The effect of co-administration of SA and TDN on the following hormones; triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estradiol II and insulin various among additive, potentiation, antagonistic and no effect, respectively as compared to TDN group. The interaction of TDN and SA was also found to induce oxidative stress as indicated by the increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The decrease in the level of the reduced glutathione in the co-treated group indicated that there were no synergistic damages. SA and TDN co-administration could induce a potential increase in LPO levels in liver, kidney, and spleen but not in heart tissue. These results have not suggested that TDN and SA have a synergistic sub-chronic toxicity in mice after i.p. administration. SA may decrease the toxicity of TDN to some degree that could be related to the potentiation chemical reaction between SA and TDN.Our results suggested that the damage observed in mice treated with TDN and SA is organ-specific and associated with hormonal homeostasis and oxidative damage.

Aged coconut oil with a high peroxide value induces oxidative stress and tissue damage in mercury-treated rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny O. Abarikwu ◽  
Rex-Clovis C. Njoku ◽  
Chigozie L. Onuah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
High Peroxide ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Kidney Functions

Abstract Background Exposure to mercury (Hg) and the ingestion of peroxidized edible oil represent a health risk. This study evaluated the effects of peroxidized coconut oil (CO) on the liver and kidney of rats treated with Hg. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were administered HgCl2 and CO separately or as a combination for 21 days. The concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which were used as markers of oxidative stress were measured in the liver and kidney homogenates. The activities of gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the levels of bilirubin and creatinine (CREA) as markers of liver and kidney functions were analyzed in the serum. Results The level of MDA in the kidney and liver homogenates was significantly increased in the HgCl2, CO, and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). Liver SOD activity and GSH level were increased and CAT activity was decreased, whereas kidney GSH level and SOD activity were decreased and CAT activity was increased in the CO and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). The increase in CREA and bilirubin levels as well as γ-GT and LDH activities observed in the CO+HgCl2 group when compared to the control values (p<0.05) were associated with pathological changes in both tissues, and were considered to be due to oxidative stress. Conclusions In summary, peroxidized CO and Hg alone or in combination induces oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats.

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