scholarly journals Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Parasites of Baboons (Papio anubis) in the Shai Hill Reserve in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
John Asiedu Larbi ◽  
Stephen Akyeampong ◽  
Amina Abubakari ◽  
Seth Offei Addo ◽  
Dinah Okoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Several intestinal parasites of baboons are of zoonotic importance, especially where there is considerable interaction between the baboons and humans. The identification of gastrointestinal parasite infections of baboons (Papio anubis) was undertaken at the Shai Hills Reserve Resort, Ghana. A total of 51 faecal samples were collected randomly from individual baboons (51) and examined for cysts, eggs, and larvae of parasites of medical importance, using the direct saline smear and formol-ether concentration technique. The baboons were in 7 troops and were grouped into juveniles, subadults, and adults. The survey showed that 92% of the baboon samples examined were infected with at least one or more parasite(s) of medical importance. Hookworm had the highest prevalence of 38.39% followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (22.32%), whilst Diphyllobotrium latum recorded the lowest prevalence of 0.89%. Adults had the highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides (35.42%). Hookworm (47.92%) occurred most in the juveniles. This is the first report of intestinal parasitic infection in baboons within the Shai Hills Reserve. The results showed a high level of multiparasitism in the nonhuman primates, thus the need for possible interventions to maintain ecosystem health and control the infections as they may be a potential source of transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigeons (Columba sp. Linnaeus, 1758) in three temples of Pokhara valley, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Amrit Gurung ◽  
Janak Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pokhara Valley ◽  
First Time

The present study was conducted to determine the general prevalence, identification, compare area-wise as well as infection-wise prevalence and find out activities on health care of pigeon (Columba sp.) in three temples viz. Bhadrakali temple, Bindhyabasini temple and Tal Barahi temple of Pokhara valley. Iodine wet mount and different concentration technique (floatation and sedimentation) were used for faecal qualitative tests whereas verbally administered questionnaires for interview and Microsoft Excel and “R” software packages were used inanalyzing data. Out of 120 faecal samples collected by opportunistic random faecal sampling method examined, general prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 69.16%. Total of seven gastrointestinal parasites that includes one subclass of protozoan: Coccidia (19.16%) and six genera of helminths: Capillaria sp. (31.67%), Ascaridia sp. (21.66%), Echinostoma sp.(7.50%), Syangamus sp. (5.83%), Hymenolepis sp. (3.33%) and Hetarakis sp. (2.50%) were identified and reported first time in Nepal. The prevalence rates (55%) of helminths were higher than protozoan parasites (19.16%). The higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in Bhadrakali temple with 77.50% followed by Tal Barahi temple (72.50%) and lowest in Bindhyabasini temple (57.50%). Statistically, the difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among study area was found to be insignificant whereas the difference in prevalence of single infection (43.83%) and mixed infections (25.83%) were also insignificant. No any activities on health care of pigeon regarding the gastrointestinal parasites were found. The study indicates that pigeons in three temples of Pokhara valley were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy attending Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Alemayehu ◽  
Alemu Gedefie ◽  
Aderaw Adamu ◽  
Jemal Mohammed ◽  
Brhanu Kassanew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique

Abstract Background: Parasitic infections are known causes of morbidity among HIV infected patients with low CD4+ counts who are on antiretroviral therapy; mainly as a result of immune suppression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the extent of intestinal parasitic infection and its related risk factors among HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Patients and methods: A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 383 HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia from December 2018 to March 2019. An interview based structured questionnaire were used to gather socio-demographic and risk factor data. About 5 grams of fresh stool specimen and 4 ml of venous blood sample were collected, then transported and tested in accordance with the laboratory standard operating procedures. The obtained data was entered into SPSS version 22.0; and analyzed. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.3%; with 18% and 23.8% by direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique respectively. 8 (2.1%) patients were infected by multiple parasites in concentration technique. Ascaris lumbricoides, 23(25.3%) was the most frequently identified parasite. Parasitic infection was significantly higher among illiterates (P=0.011); patients with a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (P<0.001) and among patients who did not have latrine (P=0.049) than their counter parts.Conclusion: Relatively higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found among HIV/AIDS patients. The distribution of intestinal parasites is greatly affected by illiteracy, reduced CD4+ counts and absence of toilet. Thus, HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+ counts should be diagnosed consistently for intestinal parasites and routine stool examination and awareness creation should be advocated to be included as an essential component of the ART monitoring strategy for improved patient care.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infestation in HIV Positive and Negative Patients Attending Clinics in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Benue State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
L Utume ◽  
TE Ikpom ◽  
AE Obaje ◽  
EA Omudu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Gastrointestinal parasitic infection is usually asymptomatic thus goes unnoticed and untreated for long periods of time, often resulting in other serious health complications. In HIV positive patients, the effects usually are more devastating owing to the fact that such patients are already immunocompromised. For this study, HIV positive patients were raised from the BSUTH STD/ART clinic records while HIV negative patients were recruited from other clinics by confirming their HIV status  using Determine test strips to check for HIV antibodies; socio-demographic data was generated from questionnaires administered. Patients already placed on anti-helminths or anti-protozoan medicines were exempted from the study. Stool samples (n=550; 304 males 246 females) were examined for intestinal parasites using the standard parasitological procedures for direct wet mount and Formol-Ether Concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites were identified from 199 (36.2%) samples implying positive results for these infections: Giardia lamblia (3.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (7.1%), Entamoeba coli (4.2%), Trichuris trichuria (3.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (2.2%), Taenia sp. (1.8%), Trichomonas hominis (0.5%) and hookworms (2.9%). Out of this 199 only 55 (27.6%) were HIV positive; statistically there was a significant relationship between HIV status and the rate of parasitic infection (P<0.05). Personal hygiene practices, environmental sanitary conditions, overcrowding, limited access to clean potable water and poor drainage systems influenced gastrointestinal parasitic infection in both HIV positive and negative patients, HIV status may have increased intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic infection. The need for preventive awareness campaigns and mass chemoprophylaxis exercises cannot be overemphasized; government and private sector collaborations will have a wider coverage area and make a lot of impact.

scholarly journals The point prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in calves, sheep and goats in Magadi division, south-western Keny

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Maichomo ◽  
J.M. Kagira ◽  
T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Mcmaster Method ◽  
Semi Arid

Helminths cause great economic loss in livestock in Africa, and can be categorized as either direct or indirect losses. Arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) in Kenya comprise 71 % of total land area and harbour the largest population of cattle, sheep and goats. However, little information on the distribution and impact of gastro-intestinal (GIT) parasitism in these animals is available. This survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of GIT parasites infecting calves, sheep and goats and their relative importance in Magadi division, which is semi-arid. Faecal samples were obtained directly from the rectum of 109 calves, 133 goats and 20 sheep and submitted to the laboratory for faecal worm egg counts, and coccidial oocysts examination using a modified McMaster method. The significance of differences in mean egg count per gram (epg) between animal species and herds (farms) were assessed using analysis of variance. The overall prevalence of nematodes in the calves, sheep and goats was 69.2 %, 80 % and 82 %, respectively. About 10 % of sheep and goats had epgs higher than 1 000, the remainder having light to moderate infections. The overall prevalence of coccidial oocysts in calves, sheep and goats was 30 %, 44 % and 45 %, respectively. Poor productivity in ASAL areas, where nutrition is often poor, is likely to be pronounced in the presence of parasite infections. These findings indicate that viable internal parasite control should be implemented in the study area in order to increase the productivity of the livestock there.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF STOOL SAMPLE FROM HIV POSITIVE AND HIV NEGATIVE AT ANDHRA PRADESH.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Gundala Obulesu ◽  
Hanumanthappa Ar ◽  
Prabakar Reddy E
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Positive Person ◽  
Enteric Parasites ◽  
Hiv Negative

 Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the variations, if any, in the types of intestinal parasites in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.Methods: For their HIV status in our laboratory by enzyme-linked immunoasorbant assay and TRIDOT, sample stool, macroscopic and microscopic examination, formal-ether concentration technique f, saline wet mount, iodine wet mount, modified acid-fast stain. Results: For the purpose of statistical analysis, the enteric parasites are divided into the coccidian group (Cryptosporidium+Isospora belli) and conventional enteric parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and Ascaris lumbricoides), and enteric parasitic infection is more common in HIV-positive patients with diarrhea than HIV-positive patient without diarrhea or HIV-negative individuals.Conclusion: The study period of 1 year and 8 months revealed that it is difficult to locate/identify a HIV-positive person in a place like Kadapa on account of confidentiality/lack of awareness among the population. Detection of intestinal parasites is 17.3% in HIV-positive patients and 12% in HIV-negative individuals.

How Solid waste enhances Intestinal Parasite transmission on Residents close to dumpsites, Aba Municipal, Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.C Amadi ◽  
B.C Chukwuemeka ◽  
P.I Obeten ◽  
Q.O Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Education Programme

The management of solid waste continues to be a major challenge in urban areas. This study Ogbor-Hill solid waste dumpsite,Aba Nigeria. Formal-ether concentration technique was used to detect the presence of intestinal parasites among theresidents. Refuge sludge was examined using the Baermann funnel method and questionnaire was administered to collectdata from the residents on socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 423 faecal samples were examined and 164(38.8%)persons were infected. A total of 576 parasitic eggs/cyst/trophozoites were recovered from the dumpsite. The parasite foundamong the residents were Hookworm (12.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (10.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (9.0%), Trichuristrichiura (5.0%) and Taenia saginata (2.1%). Of the five species of parasites found, the eggs of Hookworm species werehighest (34.5%) followed by A. lumbricoides (23.5%), E. histolytica (20.2%), T. trichiura (12.1%) and T. saginata was least(9.7%). Females (48.8%) were more infected than males (34.5%) but was not significant (p = 0.070225). Age group 21–30years recorded the highest (58.3%) infection followed by age group 11–20 years (54.4%) while 51 years and above were theleast (3.7%). There was no significant relationship in the age group (Pp>0.05). Those that reside closer to the dumpsite werefound to be more (54.1%) infected than those whose distance is farther (31.8%). The overall intensity of parasitic infectionshowed a positive correlation (R = 0.161). Solid waste not properly managed has been known to have a negative impact onhealth, environment and aesthetic values. A well planned waste management and health education programme for residentsliving around the dumpsite will go a long way in reducing the potential of epidemic risks posed by dumpsites in Abamunicipal. Keywords: Intestinal parasite, Solid waste dumpsite, Ogbor Hill, Aba

scholarly journals Abbatoir Survey of Intestinal Parasites among Sheep in Katsina State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
AA Agba ◽  
IB Aguh ◽  
PO Uweh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Direct Smear ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

Faecal samples collected from seven hundred sheep brought for slaughter in some abattoirs in six Local Government Areas of Katsina State were examined for presence of intestinal parasites. The samples were examined for eggs of parasites using direct smear and formol-ether concentration technique. The overall prevalence was 236(33.7%). The cestode identified was Moniezia sp. 16(2.3%). The coccidian oocyts had a prevalence of 8.6%. The nematodes identified were Strongyle sp. 116(16.6%) and Trichuris sp. 17(2.4%), while the only trematode identified was Fasciola sp. 17(2.4%). Factors such as sex, age and breed of the sheep were found not to significantly influence the prevalence of infection (P>0.05). The results of the study showed that season was a factor which can significantly influenced the prevalence of infection among sheep in the study area (P<0.05). The study identified high prevalence of intestinal parasites among sheep slaughtered in the six abattoirs. Therefore, strategic control approach by using effective broad spectrum chemotherapeutics especially at the beginning of rainy season to reduce the burden of infection is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia).

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Maru Wassie Yenene ◽  
Abayneh Unasho Gandile
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children. Methods: A school based cross- sectional study was conducted from September, 2019- January, 2020 and a total of 422 asymptomatic primary school children were involved in the study. Specimens of the stool samples were examined using the standard parasite and ova method. Direct microscopy using saline and iodine wet mount preparation was used to examine the presence of eggs and larvae of helminthes and trophozoites and cysts of protozoan parasites and formalin ether concentration method was used for quality assurance. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics and predisposing factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 422 students (aged 5-14 years) participated in the study, 245(58%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Of the total infected participants, 192(45.5%) were single infections and 53(12.6%) were double infections identified. Seven types of intestinal parasitic infections were identified in the present study. The most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia 95(22.5%) followed by hook worm 58(13.7%). Age groups 5-9 years old were more infected, 173 (70.6%) than age groups 10-14 years old 72(29.4%). This result also showed parasitic infections were associated with predisposing factors related to infectious cycles. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among students in the targeted primary schools. Therefore, all stakeholders should give attention to raise awareness about the prevention and control mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections. Moreover, the health services of the local government should develop a habit of mass public health education and deworming intervention to improve the level of parasitic infection and environmental hygiene in the study area.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infection among their preschool children in Sekota town, Waghimra zone, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽  
Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Alemu Birara Zemariam ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the common communicable diseases across the world. Globally, more than 1.5 billion individuals infected with one or more parasitic agents. Of the victim individuals, 700 and 807 million people were infected by Hookworm and Ascariasis respectively. Intestinal parasites are prevalent in developing countries and to the most in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of helminthiases in Ethiopia range from 27.2% to 85.1%. Particularly, young children have a high infestation rate and they suffer from a substantial burden of Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura, and Schistosomiasis. Therefore, this study was intended to assess mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infection among their pre-school children in Sekota town, Ethiopia.Methods: A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 378 mothers using simple random sampling method, and gave a response rate of 98.4%. The findings are presented in percentage, frequency and tables. In all of the data collection, data analysis, and write up phases, a standard operational procedure was followed. A bivariate covariate analysis were undertaken to assess the correlation of total knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Results: The level of good maternal knowledge, positive maternal attitude, and good maternal practice in preventing and controlling intestinal parasitic infection on their preschool children was 45.2% (95% CI, 40.2, 50.5), 55.3% (95% CI, 50.8, 61.1), and 51.1 (95% CI, 46.0, 56.1) respectively. In assessing mothers knowledge, seventy seven (20.4%) of them reported that they knew Ascaris lumbricoides, and on the maternal practices in preventing IP infection, 62 (16.4%) mothers wash vegetables, and 252 (66.7%) mothers stated that their children had at least one history of stool examination. Conclusions: The overall level of good maternal knowledge, positive maternal attitude, and good maternal practice on prevention and control of intestinal parasites was low. Specifically, the level of knowledge was significantly low. Therefore, community awareness about intestinal parasitic infection prevention and control methods should be created.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta Zimmermann, 1780) and Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus Entellus Dufresne, 1797) In Devghat, Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Pujan Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Pitambar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Hanuman Langur ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Multiple Species

The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Rhesus Macaque and Hanuman Langur at Devghat, Chitwan. Altogether 93 fresh faecal samples were collected from Rhesus Macaque belonging to five troops and Hanuman Langur of two troops. About 10 gm of faecal material was collected in sterile vials with 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. These samples were examined microscopically by faecal concentration methods viz. floatation technique and sedimentation technique. Out of 93 samples, 69 (74.20%) were found positive for at least one parasite. Prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites was 52.68% and 40.86% respectively. Altogether, 10 species of parasites including seven helminth and three protozoa were identified based on morphological characteristics of their eggs and cysts under light microscopy. The most commonly detected parasites were Balantidium coli (27.95%) followed by Eimeria sp. (16.12%), Entamoeba sp. (13.97%), Trichuris sp. (23.65%), Ascaris sp. (11.82%), Strongyloides sp. (10.75%), Oesophagostomum sp. (5.37%), Hookworm sp. (3.22%), Trichostrongylus sp. (3.22%) and Hymenolepis sp. (1.07%). Unidentified larvae of nematode which account for 6.45% of total samples were also recorded. Single, double, triple and multiple species of parasites were found in 36.55%, 29.03%, 6.45% and 2.15% samples respectively. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 12-18

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