Unravelling Structure, Localization, and Genetic Crosstalk of KLF3 in Human Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most prevailing disease among women. It actually develops from breast tissue and has heterogeneous and complex nature that constitutes multiple tumor quiddities. These features are associated with different histological forms, distinctive biological characteristics, and clinical patterns. The predisposition of breast cancer has been attributed to a number of genetic factors, associated with the worst outcomes. Unfortunately, their behavior with relevance to clinical significance remained poorly understood. So, there is a need to further explore the nature of the disease at the transcriptome level. The focus of this study was to explore the influence of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3), tumor protein D52 (TPD52), microRNA 124 (miR-124), and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) expression on breast cancer. Moreover, this study was also aimed at predicting the tertiary structure of KLF3 protein. Expression of genes was analyzed through real-time PCR using the delta cycle threshold method, and statistical significance was calculated by two-way ANOVA in Graphpad Prism. For the construction of a 3D model, various bioinformatics software programs, Swiss Model and UCSF Chimera, were employed. The expression of KLF3, miR-124, and PKCε genes was decreased (fold change: 0.076443, 0.06969, and 0.011597, respectively). However, there was 2-fold increased expression of TPD52 with p value < 0.001 relative to control. Tertiary structure of KLF3 exhibited 80.72% structure conservation with its template KLF4 and was 95.06% structurally favored by a Ramachandran plot. These genes might be predictors of stage, metastasis, receptor, and treatment status and used as new biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. However, extensive investigations at the tissue level and in in vivo are required to further strengthen their role as a potential biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer.

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Handheld diffuse optical breast scanner probe for cross-sectional imaging of breast tissue

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ◽

10.1142/s1793545819500081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 1950008 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Majid Shokoufi ◽

Farid Golnaraghi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Imaging ◽

Breast Tissue ◽

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Array Detector ◽

Light Sources ◽

Compact Structure ◽

Cross Sectional

Diffuse optical spectroscopy is a relatively new, noninvasive and nonionizing technique for breast cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we have introduced a novel handheld diffuse optical breast scan (DOB-Scan) probe to measure optical properties of the breast in vivo and create functional and compositional images of the tissue. In addition, the probe gives more information about breast tissue’s constituents, which helps distinguish a healthy and cancerous tissue. Two symmetrical light sources, each including four different wavelengths, are used to illuminate the breast tissue. A high-resolution linear array detector measures the intensity of the back-scattered photons at different radial destinations from the illumination sources on the surface of the breast tissue, and a unique image reconstruction algorithm is used to create four cross-sectional images for four different wavelengths. Different from fiber optic-based illumination techniques, the proposed method in this paper integrates multi-wavelength light-emitting diodes to act as pencil beam sources into a scattering medium like breast tissue. This unique design and its compact structure reduce the complexity, size and cost of a potential probe. Although the introduced technique miniaturizes the probe, this study points to the reliability of this technique in the phantom study and clinical breast imaging. We have received ethical approval to test the DOB-Scan probe on patients and we are currently testing the DOB-Scan probe on subjects who are diagnosed with breast cancer.

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Breast cancer-related lymphedema and quality of life: A qualitative analysis over years of survivorship

Chronic Illness ◽

10.1177/1742395319872796 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 174239531987279

Author(s):

Allison B Anbari ◽

Ausanee Wanchai ◽

Jane M Armer

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema ◽

Reported Data ◽

The Impact

Objectives The study purpose was to examine perspectives of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) regarding their quality of life over seven years. Method Data were collected over seven years using the Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire (LBCQ). Participants with BCRL answered open-ended questions corresponding to changes in mood and lifestyle from post-op through annual interviews and surveys. Self-reported data from 97 participants with BCRL were analyzed using in vivo coding and template-style content analysis to elicit the impact of BCRL on quality of life domains. Results Data saturation was achieved as participants neared 30 to 36 months post- breast cancer diagnosis. Three major themes were identified related to BCRL’s impact on: physical function; daily living and social function; and psychological function. Discussion Findings suggest that BCRL impacts quality of life not only soon after diagnosis, but also throughout survivorship years. Healthcare providers should develop programs to enhance quality of life for survivors with BCRL.

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The Clinical Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Breast Cancer Detection

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2017/5383948 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Pin Gao ◽

Bing Han ◽

Ye Du ◽

Gang Zhao ◽

Zhigang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as an important clinical tool for real-time in vivo cancer diagnosis. Raman information can be obtained from whole organisms and tissues, at the cellular level and at the biomolecular level. The aim of this paper is to review the newest developments of Raman spectroscopy in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Raman spectroscopy can distinguish malignant tissues from noncancerous/normal tissues and can assess tumor margins or sentinel lymph nodes during an operation. At the cellular level, Raman spectra can be used to monitor the intracellular processes occurring in blood circulation. At the biomolecular level, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques may help detect the biomarker on the tumor surface as well as evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, Raman images reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of different compounds, especially proteins, lipids, microcalcifications, and their metabolic products, in cancerous breast tissues. Information about these compounds may further our understanding of the mechanisms of breast cancer.

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ZMYND10, an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor, exerts tumor-suppressive functions via miR145-5p/NEDD9 axis in breast cancer

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-019-0785-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Wang ◽

Liangying Dan ◽

Qianqian Li ◽

Lili Li ◽

Lan Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Multiple Tumor

Abstract Background Recent studies suggested that ZMYND10 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in multiple tumor types. However, the mechanism by which ZMYND10 inhibits breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of ZMYND10 in breast cancer inhibition. Results ZMYND10 was dramatically reduced in multiple breast cancer cell lines and tissues, which was associated with promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of ZMYND10 in silenced breast cancer cells induced cell apoptosis while suppressed cell growth, cell migration and invasion in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that ZMYND10 enhances expression of miR145-5p, which suppresses the expression of NEDD9 protein through directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of NEDD9 mRNA. Conclusions Results from this study show that ZMYND10 suppresses breast cancer tumorigenicity by inhibiting the miR145-5p/NEDD9 signaling pathway. This novel discovered signaling pathway may be a valid target for small molecules that might help to develop new therapies to better inhibit the breast cancer metastasis.

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In vivo Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer: diagnosis in animal model

10.1117/12.760089 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

R. Bitar ◽

M. A. Martins ◽

D. Ribeiro ◽

C. Carvalho ◽

E. A. P. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

In Vivo Raman Spectroscopy

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CXCR4 and Axillary Lymph Nodes: Review of a Potential Biomarker for Breast Cancer Metastasis

International Journal of Breast Cancer ◽

10.4061/2011/420981 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David Hiller ◽

Quyen D. Chu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽

Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Peripheral Lymph ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Node Metastases

CXCR4 is a 7-transmembrane G-protein chemokine receptor that allows for migration of hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral lymph nodes. Research has shown CXCR4 to be implicated in the invasion and metastasis of several cancers, including carcinoma of the breast. CXCL12 is the ligand for CXCR4 and is highly expressed in areas common for breast cancer metastasis, including the axillary lymph nodes. Axillary lymph nodes positive for breast carcinoma have been an important component of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent research. The goal of this paper is to analyze the literature that has explained the pathways from CXCR4 expression to breast cancer metastasis of the lymph nodes and the prognostic and/or predictive implications of lymph node metastases in the presence of elevated CXCR4.

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Development of a handheld diffuse optical breast cancer assessment probe

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ◽

10.1142/s1793545816500073 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 1650007 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Majid Shokoufi ◽

Farid Golnaraghi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Breast Tissue ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Wide Range ◽

Concentration Changes

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOS) is a promising non-invasive and non-ionizing technique for breast anomaly detection. In this study, we have developed a new handheld DOS probe to measure optical properties of breast tissue. In the proposed probe, the breast tissue is illuminated with four near infrared (NIR) wavelengths light emitting diodes (LED), which are encapsulated in a package (eLEDs), and two PIN photodiodes measure the intensity of the scattered photons at two different locations. The proposed technique of using eLEDs is introduced, in order to have a multi-wavelength pointed-beam illumination source instead of using the laser-coupled fiber-optic technique, which increases the complexity, size, and cost of the probe. Despite the fact that the proposed technique miniaturizes the probe and reduces the complexity of the DOS, the study proves that it is accurate and reliable in measuring optical properties of the tissue. The measurements are performed at the rate of 10[Formula: see text]Hz which is suitable for dynamic measurement of biological activity, in-vivo. The multi-spectral evaluation algorithm is used to reconstruct four main absorber concentrations in the breast including oxy-hemoglobin (cHb), deoxy-hemoglobin (cHbO2), water (cH2O), fat (cFat), and average scattering coefficient of the medium, as well as concentration changes in Hb ([Formula: see text]cHb) and HbO2 ([Formula: see text]cHbO2). Although the probe is designed for breast cancer diagnosis, it can be used in a wide range of applications for both static and dynamic measurements such as functional brain imaging. A series of phantoms, comprised of Delrin[Formula: see text], Intralipid[Formula: see text], PierceTM and Black ink, are used to verify performance of the device. The probe will be tested on human subjects, in-vivo, in the next phase.

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miR-370-3p as a Novel Biomarker Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting FBLN5

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2021/4649890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Jiahui Mao ◽

Lingxia Wang ◽

Junying Wu ◽

Yichun Wang ◽

Huiyan Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Breast Cancer Progression ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Potential Biomarker

miRNAs play a crucial part in multiple biological processes of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. In cancer, miRNAs can be divided into oncogenes or tumor suppressors on the basis of their functions in the carcinogenic process. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles and clinical diagnostic value of miR-370-3p in breast cancer. Our results demonstrated that miR-370-3p significantly promoted proliferation, metastasis, and stemness of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. In particular, clinical data revealed that high expression of serum miR-370-3p and exosomal miR-370-3p from breast cancer patients was remarkably correlated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages. Mechanistically, miR-370-3p inhibited FBLN5 expression and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. FBLN5 expression was significantly decreased in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. Our research identified that miR-370-3p promoted breast cancer progression by inhibiting FBLN5 expression and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Serum exosomal miR-370-3p would provide a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

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SPETTROSCOPIA E IMAGING IN OTTICA DIFFUSA: FOCUS SUL TUMORE DELLA MAMMELLA

Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti di Scienze ◽

10.4081/scie.2019.693 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paola Taroni

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Collagen Content ◽

Diffuse Optics ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Ultrasound Diagnostics

Through the measurement of the optical properties (absorption and scattering), diffuse optical spectroscopy allows one to estimate non-invasively the composition of biological tissues (water, lipid and collagen content) and functional blood parameters. Further, it provides information on the microscopic tissue structure. It can therefore be effectively used in vivo as an absolutely non-invasive diagnostic tool. The Department of Physics of the Politecnico di Milano has designed and built an optical mammograph that exploits diffused optics, operating with pulsed light at 7 wavelengths in the red and near infrared spectral range (635-1060 nm). The instrument was used in a clinical study on 200 subjects, in collaboration with the European Institute of Oncology: optically derived tissue composition and in particular collagen content in tissues proved to be effective both to discriminate between malignant and benign breast lesions, and to estimate the risk of breast cancer related to the density of breast tissue, which is recognized among the most important independent risk factors. Partly based on those results, “SOLUS - Smart optical and ultrasound diagnostics of breast cancer”, a European project in the H2020 Framework Program, is now working to improve the specificity of non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis by combining diffuse optics with ultrasound imaging.

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