Agro-Morphological Characterization of Kenyan Slender Leaf (Crotalaria brevidens and C. ochroleuca) Accessions

Slender leaf (Crotalaria spp) is among the indigenous and underutilized vegetables in Kenya whose production is limited to the Western and Coastal regions of the country. For a long time, this crop has been neglected in terms of research and genetic improvement. There is therefore scanty information on its morphological diversity and agronomic performance, hence the need for this study. Field experiments were carried out for two seasons in October to December 2018 and March to May 2019. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 29 accessions and replicated three times. Both qualitative and quantitative data were recorded from the accessions based on the Crotalaria descriptors. Quantitative data were subjected to analysis of variance using XLSTAT Version 2019, and accession means were separated using Student’s Newman Keuls test at 95% level of confidence. Both qualitative and quantitative data were subjected to multivariate cluster analysis, and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average. The principal component analysis was conducted to obtain information on the importance of the characters. Significant variation in agro-morphological traits was found within and between the two species. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into seven major classes with a between-classes diversity of 75.13% and a within-classes diversity of 24.87%. This study sets the basis for genetic improvement of slender leaf in Kenya since the observed diversity can be exploited in selection for intraspecific and interspecific hybridization.

Download Full-text

EARLY GROWTH AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF SPECIES OF Sesbania Scop. (Leguminosae, robinieae)

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161999000200011 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elisabeth Ann Veasey ◽

Marta Organo Negrão ◽

Paulo Sodero Martins ◽

Gerhard Bandel

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Block Design ◽

Group Method ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Initial Development ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Randomized Block Design

The objective of this study was to characterize 17 accessions of Sesbania, representing S. exasperata, S. grandiflora, S. sesban, S. tetraptera and S. virgata at the seedling stage, and to evaluate the initial development during the first two months after planting. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, with 4 replications and 5 plants per plot. The traits recorded were: plant height (PH), from four observations at 15-day intervals, at 17, 32, 47 and 62 days after planting; length of hypocotyl (LH) and epicotyl (LEP); length (LE1) and width (WE1) of the first eophyll; and number of leaflet pairs of the second metaphyll (NLP), evaluated 17 days after planting. Univariate analyses of variance were performed, estimating the genetic parameters: coefficient of genotypic determination (b) and of genetic variation (CVg). Cluster analysis was also obtained, using the average Euclidean distance and Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic average (UPGMA) method. At 17 days after planting, S. exasperata presented the highest PH, followed by S. virgata. At 62 days after planting, S. sesban registered the highest PH. Length of hypocotyl displayed inter but not intraspecific variation. The characters LEP, LE1, WE1 and NLP showed both inter and intraspecific variation. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of 7 groups, separating the species and revealing intraspecific variation as well. The occurrence in low frequencies of two unifoliolate opposite eophylls for some species was observed, as well as bi- or trifoliolate first eophylls for one of the S. sesban accessions. These informations are basic for the selection of traits to be utilized for characterization and differentiation of Sesbania germplasm at the juvenile phase.

Download Full-text

Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.53540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e53540

Author(s):

Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias Maioli ◽

Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽

Tereza Aparecida da Silva ◽

Diego Ary Rizzardi ◽

Robson Akira Matsuzaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Group Method ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Partial Diallel

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

Download Full-text

Genetic divergence among pumpkin landraces

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p547 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 547 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rebeca Lourenço de Oliveira ◽

Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽

Rosana Rodrigues ◽

Viviane Yumi Baba ◽

Cláudia Pombo Sudré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Northern Region ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Group Method ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative

Estimating the genetic variability in germplasm collections is important not only for conserving genetic resources, but also for plant breeding purposes. However, generating a large number of different categories data (qualitative and quantitative) often complicate the analysis and results interpretation, resulting in an incomplete distinction of accessions. This study reports the characterization and evaluation of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) accessions collected from farms in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state. Genetic diversity among accessions was also estimated using qualitative and quantitative variables considering joint analysis. The plants were grown under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications and six plants per plot. Eight qualitative traits (leaf size; seed shape; seed color; color of the fruit pulp; hollow; fruit shape; skin color, and fruit skin texture) and eight quantitative traits (fruit weight; fruit length; fruit diameter; soluble solids, 100 seed weight, and wall thickness measured in the middle and in the lower stem) were evaluated. The data were analyzed considering the Gower distance, and cluster analysis was performed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Variability among accessions was observed considering morphoagronomic data. The Gower distance together with UPGMA cluster allowed for good discrimination between accessions in the groups, demonstrating that the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is feasible and may increase the understanding of the variation among accessions.

Download Full-text

Polymorphism analysis in some Algerian Opuntia species using morphological and phenological UPOV descriptors

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.887 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Boubakr Hadjkouider ◽

Ammar Boutekrabt ◽

Bahia Lallouche ◽

Salim Lamine ◽

Néjia Zoghlami

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

New Varieties

Background: In the present study, we have investigated the morphological variation in a set of five Opuntia species from the Algerian steppes using 49 UPOV descriptors.Questions: which of the 49 descriptors that can be used as powerful estimators of the phenotypic diversity within Opuntia species? How is the morphological diversity patterned in Algerian Opuntia?Species study/ Mathematical model: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used.Study site: Four counties were studied located in the Algerian steppes. The present research was carried out during 2014.Methods: 49 descriptors adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) were employed in the present research, where cladode, flower and fruit traits were used to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 5 Opuntia species.Results: Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a consistent differentiation between all studied species. The relative magnitude of the first two PCA eigenvectors showed that 8 descriptors out of 49 were identified as the most important descriptors for the classification of the species. The dendrogram performed on the calculated Euclidean distances between all species pairs allowed the identification of 3 groups, unlike the PCA that identified 4 groups. The species Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia amycleae were identified as very close morphologically.Conclusions: The present outcome represents a paramount step towards the fast selection of interesting species and for their best management and conservation.

Download Full-text

Agro-morphological diversity of plantain accessions from different part of the world

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1308-1321

Author(s):

Amien Isaac Amoutchi ◽

Oulo N’nan-Alla ◽

Deless Edmond Fulgence Thiemele

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Black Sigatoka ◽

Fruit Texture ◽

Breeding Objective ◽

The World ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Improvement Programme

The objective of this study was to characterize the agro-morphological diversity of plantain accessions. 18 quantitative variables and 20 qualitative variables were measured. The results of the analysis of the qualitative variables revealed important traits such as black Sigatoka resistance of FHIA 21, Pita 3, M53, Calculta 4 and Banskii accessions and the firm fruit texture of Galeo, Kokor, French sombre and Corne 1 accessions. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed with the quantitative variables separated the 9 accessions into 4 groups with particular and important characteristics which can be exploited differently in genetic improvement programme according to the breeding objective. From these results, it appears clearly that the objective is achieved.Keywords: Sigatoka, qualitative variables, quantitative variables, genetic improvement.

Download Full-text

Description and analysis of genetic diversity among squash accessions

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132009000200003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 271-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Athanasios L. Tsivelikas ◽

Olga Koutita ◽

Anastasia Anastasiadou ◽

George N. Skaracis ◽

Ekaterini Traka-Mavrona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Principal Component ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Group Method ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group

In this work, the part of the squash core collection, maintained in the Greek Gene Bank, was assessed using the morphological and molecular data. Sixteen incompletely classified accessions of the squash were characterized along with an evaluation of their resistance against two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum. A molecular analysis using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was also performed, revealing high level of polymorphism. To study the genetic diversity among the squash accessions, a clustering procedure using Unweighed Pair Group Method and Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) algorithm was also adopted. Two independent dendrograms, one for the morphophysiological and one for molecular data were obtained, classifying the accessions into two and three main clusters, respectively. Despite the different number of the clusters there were many similarities between these two dendrograms, and a third dendrogram resulting from their combination was also produced, based on Gower's distance and UPGMA clustering algorithm. In order to determine the optimal number of clusters, the upper tail approach was applied. The more reliable clustering of the accessions was accomplished using RAPD markers as well as the combination of the two different data sets, classifying the accessions into three significantly different groups. These groups corresponded to the three different cultivated species of C. maxima Duch., C. moschata Duch., and C. pepo L. The same results were also obtained using Principal Component Analysis.

Download Full-text

The Essential Oil Compositions of Three Teucrium Taxa Growing Wild in Sicily: HCA and PCA Analyses

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 643

Author(s):

Giorgia Catinella ◽

Natale Badalamenti ◽

Vincenzo Ilardi ◽

Sergio Rosselli ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

The Other ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Principal Component Analyses

The chemical composition and the qualitative and quantitative variability of the essential oils of three taxa belonging to the Teucrium genus were studied. The investigated taxa, that grow wild in Sicily, were Teucrium flavum L. (section Chamaedrys (Mill.) Scheb.), Teucrium montanum and Teucrium capitatum L. of section Polium (Mill.) Scheb. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. In total, 74 compounds were identified. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were found to be the main group for T. flavum (48.3%). T. capitatum consisted essentially of monoterpene hydrocarbons (72.7%), with α-pinene (19.9%), β-pinene (27.6%) and sylvestrene (16.6%) as the most abundant compounds whereas ledene oxide (12.1%), epiglobulol (13.5%) and longifolenaldehyde (14.5%) were identified as the main constituents among the oxygenated sesquiterpenes (63.5%) of T. montanum. Furthermore, a complete literature review on the composition of the essential oils of all the other accessions of these Teucrium taxa, studied so far, was performed. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used in order to demonstrate geographical variations in the composition of the essential oils.

Download Full-text

The Modeling of the Production Process of High-Starch Corn Hybrids of Different Maturity Groups

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 584 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vitalii Palamarchuk ◽

Vadym Krychkovskyi ◽

Inna Honcharuk ◽

Nataliia Telekalo

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Genetic Model ◽

State Enterprise ◽

Group Method ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maturity Groups

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling based on the construction and use of various images of the object, process or system. The research involves the study of the dependence of the level of productivity and valuable farming traits of corn hybrids in the form of mathematical models. Field research was carried out during 2011-2017 on the experimental fields of the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, at the state enterprise “Research Farm “Kordelivske” of the Institute of Potato Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe in accordance with the guidelines provided in “Methodology of Field Experiments in Corn”. The use of computer technology, in particular, cluster analysis, from our point of view, allows us to approach the difficult task of improving the efficiency of the correct choice of hybrids and technologies to obtain the maximum level of bioethanol yield per unit area of maize hybrids. An ecological-genetic model of quantitative traits was used to study the phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids and to establish the influence on the formation of their traits. The construction of the model is based on the hierarchy of manifestation of productivity traits in ontogenesis and the correspondence of their manifestation in organogenesis. The model consists of three modules of traits including the resulting one and double-component that reflect phenotypic implementation of the genetic formula. The resulting traits are those that have environmentally stable correlation and the highest total impact on the final resulting trait, namely, the yield. According to the results of researches of mathematical models of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids of different maturity groups, both general biological regularities and group differences of trait formation have been established. Thus, the analysis of the differences between the groups of early and mid-early corn hybrids, in general reveals that their growth and development are affected to a relative extent by the amount of effective temperatures, amount of precipitation and HTC. In fact, the maturity groups studied differ insufficiently, and the main differences can be observed only in the variability of the traits studied or the closeness of their relationships with each other. However, mid hybrids respond somewhat differently to environmental factors, which allows to develop the elements of adaptive cultivation technology for each maturity group. Based on the results of cluster analysis, cluster dendrograms were created using the odd-numbered group method with the determination of Euclidean distances.

Download Full-text

CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMILARITY ANALYSIS OF 15 TOMATO GENOTYPES IN LOWLANDS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

AgroTech Journal ◽

10.31327/atj.v2i2.309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Helfi Eka Saputra ◽

Muhammad Syukur ◽

Syarifah Iis Aisyah

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Similarity Analysis ◽

Group I ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Tomato Genotypes

This study aimed to obtain information about the characteristics of 15 genotypes and to study a genetic similarity of each genotype that will be used for producing superior tomato varieties in lowlands. The research was conducted from March to August 2012 at the Experimental Field Leuwikopo Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Bogor. The experiment used The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using a single factor of genotype with three replications. Characterization and similarity analysis used the method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis of tomato genotypes, it can be classified into three groups: group I (IPBT1, IPBT4, IPBT8, IPBT13, IPBT58, IPBT83 and IPBT84), Group II (IPBT3, IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53 and IPBT57) and group III (IPBT80). Characters with an influence on the genetic diversity of each component are the size of the cork layer between the scar stalk and the size of the center of the fruit in transverse slices. The genotypes with a high genetic similarity were IPBT1 and IPBT8, while IPBT30 with IPBT80 had a low genetic similarity

Download Full-text

Multivariate analysis of genetic diversity in Phytophthora pod rot resistant exotic cocoa germplasm

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i3.6628 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 202-212

Author(s):

S.A. Veeresh ◽

J.S. Minimol ◽

B. Suma ◽

P.S. Panchami ◽

K.S. Shilpa

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Research Work ◽

Principal Component ◽

High Variability ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Eigen Value ◽

Hybridization Programme

The current research work was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity associated with thirty cocoa accessions resistant to Phytophthora. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis evaluated the genetic variability among the different genotypes. The highest number of genotypes were observed in cluster III (8) when qualitative traits were considered. In quantitative cluster analysis, most of the genotypes were placed in separate clusters due to high variability in the germplasm. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that the first three PCs with more than one Eigen-value contributed to 79.9 per cent of variability for different traits. When qualitative and quantitative characters were considered along with resistant reaction, clusters with genotypes highly resistant to Phytophthora pod rot were observed. Hybridization programme involving these resistant hybrids belonging to diverse clusters will result in high yielding hybrids with ample resistance.

Download Full-text