scholarly journals A Miniature and Low-Power-Consumption Stress Measurement System for Embedded Explosive in Multilayer Target Penetration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yu Hang ◽  
Fei Shang ◽  
Shang Gao ◽  
Deren Kong ◽  
Xuehui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multilayer Target

When a penetrator penetrates a target, security issues such as detonation and deflagration sometimes occur in the embedded explosive under an extreme environment with high overload and severe mechanical shock. Explosives withstand multiple impact stresses with high amplitudes during a multilayer target penetration (MTP) process. Manganin pressure gauges and external dynamic testing systems are common instruments to evaluate explosive safety. However, this method is unsuitable for an MTP experiment where the penetrator flies with a long distance. This article proposes a stress measurement system (SMS) installed in a penetrator for explosive stress detection based on a qualitative analysis for the stress characteristics of the explosive. A high-strength mechanical structure is designed for the SMS to survive in the MTP environment. A low-power management mechanism realized by dual MCUs (STM32 + FPGA) is proposed to reduce the power consumption of the SMS. An experimental investigation is carried out to verify the feasibility of the measurement system designed in this paper. An MTP numerical simulation is carried out to reveal the characteristics of stress occurring and propagating in the explosive. An MTP experiment is conducted and the impact stresses on the explosive surface are measured by the fabricated SMS prototypes. The measurement results are consistent with the simulation results, which indicate that the prototypes have the abilities of high-precision data acquisition and storage in the MTP experiment.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nur-A-Alam ◽  
Mominul Ahsan ◽  
Md. Abdul Based ◽  
Julfikar Haider ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
At Home

In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

scholarly journals Application of Wireless Sensor Network based on LoRa in City Gas Meter Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Reading System

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">At present, the common meter reading method in gas meter reading system is manual. The meter reader enters the meter reading system to calculate the cost after getting the reading. This work is not only labour-intensive, but also inefficient. In addition, incorrect reading may occur due to human errors. With the development of the wireless communication technology, a wireless communication technology named LoRa for long-distance and low-power-consumption devices appeared. LoRa is a wireless communication technology with long transmission distance, low power consumption, low transmission speed, low complexity and low cost. It is mainly used in automatic control and internet of things. Through the comparison and analysis of several wireless communication technologies, a gas meter reading platform based on LoRa spread spectrum and wireless sensors is proposed. First of all, this paper briefly introduces the LoRa wireless communication technology and machine vision technology. Secondly, it gives a detailed introduction to the overall design of the system which includes system architecture design, information acquisition terminal, image acquisition module and wireless sensor module. Finally, an experiment is carried out in a residential area. The results show that the gas meter reading platform based on LoRa and wireless sensor network has a high practical value.</span>

The Design of an Ultra Low Power and Mobile Measurement System of Underwater Target Remote Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 676-679
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Bing Cheng Yuan ◽  
Zhong Hua Bao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Remote Detection ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Underwater Target ◽  
Mobile Measurement

A Ship in the sea generates electric field around it, which can become a great threat to ship’s safety. In this paper, a measurement system for the ship’s electric field signature was developed, and some key points about the design issue such as ultra low power consumption, low self-noise and big memory capability were discussed detailedly. Finally, a sea test was carried out to verify the presented system, which shows that the developed system runs reliably and meets the requirement of application well.

PLANTENNA: 3D-sensor networks monitoring plant environment. An application for fruit frost protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis ◽  
Bas Van de Wiel ◽  
Qinwen Fan ◽  
Peter Steeneken
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Long Distance

&lt;p&gt;Environmental field conditions are highly variable in three-dimensions and unsuitable to be probed by a single sensor or weather station. In PLANTENNA, a team of electronics, precision and microsystems engineers and plant and environmental scientists collaborate to develop and implement 3D-sensor networks that measure plant and environmental parameters at high resolution and low cost. A first problem we aim to tackle in the field is 3D-monitoring of fruit farms for detection and mitigation of fruit frost damage. The objectives are two-fold:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- To quantify the time-dependent effects of frost mitigation measures on the 3D temperature profile, and to determine the resulting plant-physiological response to get a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to frost damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- To develop low-cost, low power, wireless, distributed sensor networks, with automated mathematical data handling to give real-time visualization of subzero temperature regions as decision support system for the farmer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Field implementation: A fruit farm will be equipped with optical fibre cables for Distributed Temperature Sensing, along horizontal and vertical profiles in the field. This will reveal how cooling penetrates the canopy as a function of time, and how this is influenced by changing atmospheric conditions and mitigation efforts. Detailed temperature monitoring is related to spatio-temporal physiological monitoring at the level of individual trees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a next step, the cables will be replaced by a 3D-network of&amp;#160; temperature sensors. The aim is to develop an accurate (&amp;#177;0.5&amp;#176;C accuracy with a resolution &lt;&lt; 0.1&amp;#176;C), low cost sensor with ultra-low power consumption (~ 100 nW). The sensor is based on a PCB-based node that consists of a PV module to collect solar energy, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), a supercapacitor to store energy, a temperature sensor, a microcontroller (&amp;#181;C), a timing control unit (TCU) to enable/disable the system, and a radio frequency IC (RFIC) + antenna to transmit data to the network. To reduce energy consumption, it should operate in low-power &amp;#8220;sleep mode&amp;#8221; as much as possible, while still being able to capture sudden temperature changes as by ventilator activation: the sensor must decide when to &amp;#8220;wake up&amp;#8221; and how frequently to measure. The often &amp;#8220;power-hungry&amp;#8221; MCU and RF radio should operate in an event-driven mode and only &amp;#8220;awakened&amp;#8221; when the sensor detects a temperature change above a certain threshold.&lt;br&gt;We chose LoRa for its low power consumption and long-distance capability, which is a perfect match with our application.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobile DIS and Rank-Decreased Attacks in Internet of Things Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
The Impact

With a predicted 50 billion devices by the end of 2020, the Internet of things has grown exponentially in the last few years. This growth has seen an increasing demand for mobility support in low power and lossy sensor networks, a type of network characterized by several limitations in terms of their resources including CPU, memory and batter, causing manufactures to push products out to the market faster, without the necessary security features. IoT networks rely on the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) for communication, designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). This protocol has been proven to be efficient in relation to the handling of routing in such constrained networks, However, research studies revealed that RPL was inherently designed for static networks, indicating poor handling of mobile or dynamic topologies which is worsen when introducing mobile attacker. In this paper, two IoT routing attacks are evaluated under a mobile attacker with the aim of providing a critical evaluation of the impact the attacks have on the network in comparison to the case with static attacker. The first attack is the Rank attack in which the attacker announces false routing information to its neighbour attracting them to forward their data via the attacker. The second attack is the DIS attack in which the attacker floods the network with DIS messages triggering them to reset their transmission timers and sending messages more frequently. The comparison were conducted in terms of average power consumption and also the packet delivery ratio (PDR). Based on the results collected from the simulations, it was established that when an attacking node is mobile, there’s an average increase of 36.6 in power consumption and a decrease of 14 for packet delivery ratios when compared to a static attacking node.

scholarly journals Improved Sensing Capability of Integrated Semiconducting Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Devices

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Lahlalia ◽  
Olivier Le Neel ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Siegfried Selberherr ◽  
Lado Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semiconducting Metal Oxide

Semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors were designed, fabricated, and characterized in terms of their sensing capability and the thermo-mechanical behavior of the micro-hotplate. The sensors demonstrate high sensitivity at low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a low power consumption of 10.5 mW. In addition, the sensors realize fast response and recovery times of 20 s and 2.3 min, respectively. To further improve the baseline stability and sensing response characteristics at low power consumption, a novel sensor is conceived of and proposed. Tantalum aluminum (TaAl) is used as a microheater, whereas Pt-doped SnO2 is used as a thin film sensing layer. Both layers were deposited on top of a porous silicon nitride membrane. In this paper, two designs are characterized by simulations and experimental measurements, and the results are comparatively reported. Simultaneously, the impact of a heat pulsing mode and rubber smartphone cases on the sensing performance of the gas sensor are highlighted.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Based Manhole Cover Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Priyanka Chaudhari ◽  
Shardul Pattewar ◽  
Rohini Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sewage Systems

An on-line monitoring system using LoRa based wireless technology for manhole cover is proposed. The system includes sensor sensing nodes, LoRaWAN network and application. LoRaWAN based IoT has very low power consumption for long-distance transmission. We use the accelerometer sensor to monitor the position, displacement or damage of manhole covers used in sewage systems. If these covers are moved or damaged, then LoRa board alerts the authorities LoRa gateway. The gateway is connected to The Things Network (TTN), a cloud-based crowd-funded open source LoRaWAN platform. The data is uploaded to the cloud and stored, and it will alert to the maintenance department. On TTN, our application will be launched and integrated with different features such as SMS.

The Study of Low-Power Consumption Heat Meter Based on MSP430

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Wei Guo Zhao ◽  
Xue Song Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Measurement Circuit ◽  
Heat Meter ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Communication

A low-power consumption heat meter with long-distance communication was designed based on MSP430F413 and TDC-GP2. The new flow measurement circuit and correction method were introduced in detail, which improved the accuracy of the heat meter effectively. In order to reduce the power consumption, the running time of the CPU was minimized, the floating-point operation was avoided, and the communication circuit was designed specially. The experiments showed the design is valid.

The Application of I2C Bus Digital Sensor in Airflow Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Yu Guang Guo ◽  
De Zhi Ren ◽  
Li Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Ultralow Power ◽  
Airflow Sensor

The application of a new microbridge mass airflow sensor is presented. Based on the introduction of the sensor’s I2C interface principle, TI’s ultralow power consumption MSP430F5438 micro controller is used as core processor to design a measurement system which has a good low power consumption character. The performances of the system are examined by the experiments. The result of the experiments can indicate that the relative error of the system is less than3.5%, and the sensor has the characteristics of high accuracy, low power consumption, fast response, strong anti-interference ability, etc.

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