scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Staphylococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Surfaces and Medicotechnical Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akim Socohou ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Cyriaque Degbey ◽  
Chimène Nanoukon ◽  
Kamirou Chabi-Sika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
The University ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Hospital Center

Staphylococcus spp. is most often implicated in nosocomial infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics and the biofilm formation capacity of staphylococci species isolated from surfaces and medicotechnical materials at the university hospital center of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin. Samples were collected according to ISO/DIS14698-1 standard from the surfaces and medicotechnical materials by the dry swab method. The isolation of Staphylococcus strains was performed on Chapman agar, and their identification was performed using microscopic and biochemical methods. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST and CLSI recommendations. The biofilm formation was qualitatively assessed using microplates. Of the 128 surfaces and medicotechnical material samples analyzed, 77% were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. Thirteen species of Staphylococcus were isolated in different proportions but the pediatric department was the most contaminated (33%) by S. aureus. Resistance to antibiotics considerably varies according to the species of Staphylococcus. However, antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and vancomycin are the most effective on S. aureus, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci developed less resistance to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. The biofilm test reveals that 37% of our isolated strains were biofilm formers. Although regular monitoring of hospital hygiene is crucial, the optimal use of antibiotics is a cornerstone of reducing antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of certain disinfectants and antibiotics on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from medical devices at the University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
I. Kara Terki ◽  
H. Hassaine ◽  
A. Kara Terki ◽  
B. Nadira ◽  
N. Kara Terki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Centre Hospitalier ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire ◽  
Dispositif Médical ◽  
The University ◽  
Hospital Center

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the species of bacteria most frequently isolated from medical devices. The ability to produce biofilm is an important step in the pathogenesis of these staphylococci infection, and biofilm formation is strongly dependent on environmental conditions as well as antibiotics and disinfectants used in the treatment and prevention of infections.Methodology: In this study, 28 S. aureus isolated from medical devices at the University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbes in Northwestern Algeria were tested for biofilm formation by culture on Red Congo Agar (RCA). The tube method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) techniques were also used to investigate the effect of penicillin, ethanol and betadine on pre-formed biofilm.Results: Nineteen S. aureus isolates produced biofilm on the RCA and 7 produced biofilms by the tube method, 2 of which were high producer. In addition, 9 S. aureus isolates produced biofilm on polystyrene micro-plates, and in the presence of penicillin and ethanol, this number increased to 19 and 11 biofilm producing S. aureus isolates respectively. On the other hand, no biofilm was formed in the presence of betadine.Conclusion: It is important to test for biofilm formation following an imposed external constraint such as disinfectants and antibiotics in order to develop new strategies to combat bacterial biofilms but also to better control their formation. Keywords : Staphylococcus aureus, biofilm, medical device, disinfectant, antibiotic French Title: Effets de certains désinfectants et antibiotiques sur la formation de biofilms par Staphylococcus aureus isolé à partir de dispositifs médicaux au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sidi Bel Abbès, Algérie Contexte: Staphylococcus aureus est l'une des espèces de bactéries les plus fréquemment isolées des dispositifs médicaux. La capacité de produire du biofilm est une étape importante dans la pathogenèse de ces infections à staphylocoques, et la formation de biofilm dépend fortement des conditions environnementales ainsi que des antibiotiques et des désinfectants utilisés dans le traitement et la prévention des infections. Méthodologie: Dans cette étude, 28 S. aureus isolés à partir de dispositifs médicaux au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sidi Bel Abbès dans le nord-ouest de l'Algérie ont été testés pour la formation de biofilm par culture sur gélose rouge du Congo (RCA). La méthode des tubes (TM) et les techniques de plaques de culture tissulaire (TCP) ont également été utilisées pour étudier l'effet de la pénicilline, de l'éthanol et de la bétadine sur le biofilm préformé. Résultats: Dix-neuf isolats de S. aureus ont produit un biofilm sur le RCA et 7 ont produit des biofilms par la méthode des tubes, dont 2 étaient très productifs. De plus, 9 isolats de S. aureus ont produit du biofilm sur des microplaques en polystyrène, et en présence de pénicilline et d'éthanol, ce nombre est passé à 19 et 11 isolats de S. aureus producteurs de biofilm respectivement. En revanche, aucun biofilm ne s'est formé en présence de bétadine. Conclusion: Il est important de tester la formation de biofilm suite à une contrainte externe imposée comme les désinfectants et les antibiotiques afin de développer de nouvelles stratégies pour lutter contre les biofilms bactériens mais aussi pour mieux contrôler leur formation. Mots-clés: Staphylococcus aureus, biofilm, dispositif médical, désinfectant, antibiotique  

scholarly journals Distribution of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740
Author(s):  
Dharma Nagarkoti ◽  
Krishna Prajapati ◽  
Ajay Narayan Sharma ◽  
Aarogya Gyawali ◽  
Sarita Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Increasing Trend

Background: Staphylococci are posing threat due to increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance particularly methicillin. Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics is commonly used to treat such infections. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and observation of erm and msr genes among Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal during July 2017 to March 2018.Methods: Staphylococci from different clinical specimens were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile was assessed following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc diffusion or D-zone test as outlined in CLSI document M100-S24 was performed to examine inducible clindamycin resistant isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for detection of erm and msr gene in isolates using specific primers for ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and msrB genes.Results: Of the 60 Staphylococci isolates, 39 (65%) were S. aureus and 21 (35%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) with 25 (64%) and 15 (71%) representing methicillin resistant S. aureus and CNS respectively. Constitutive and inducible MLSB phenotype was observed among 24 (40%) and 14 (23%) isolates respectively by D test. The most prevalent resistant gene was ermC (37%) followed by msrB (12%), ermB (10%) and msrA (10%). None of the isolates were found to possess ermA gene. Conclusions: The presence of constitutive and inducible MLSB as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.Keywords: D test; erm gene; MLSB; msr gene; staphylococci.

scholarly journals Distribution of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B antibiotics resistance genes in clinical isolates of Staphylococci

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Nagarkoti ◽  
Krishna Prajapati ◽  
Ajay Narayan Sharma ◽  
Arrogya Gyawali ◽  
Sarita Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genes

Abstract Background Staphylococci are the most commonly isolated pathogen from clinical specimen. These isolates are posing threat due to increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance particularly methicillin. Macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B family of antibiotics is commonly used to treat such infections. This study was aimed to detect the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and observation of erm and msr genes among Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.Methods Staphylococci from different clinical specimen were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile were determined following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc diffusion or D-zone test as outlined in CLSI document M100-S24 was performed to examine inducible clindamycin resistance isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for detection of erm and msr gene in isolates using specific primers for ermA , ermB, ermC, msrA and msrB genes.Results Of the 60 Staphylococci isolates, 39 (65%) were Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and 21 (35%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) with 25 (64%) and 15 (71%) representing methicillin resistant S. aureus and CNS respectively. Constitutive and inducible MLS B phenotype was observed among 24 (40%) and 14 (23%) isolates respectively by D test. The most prevalent resistant gene was ermC gene (37%) followed by msr B (12%), erm B (10%) and msr A (10%). None of the isolates were found to possess erm A gene.Conclusions The resistant genes were detected more among CNS than S. aureus. The presence of constitutive and inducible MLS B as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The presence of resistant characteristic varies with hospital settings, geographical locations, patients’ demography etc. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

scholarly journals Non-susceptibility trends among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Povazan ◽  
Anka Vukelic ◽  
Tatjana Kurucin ◽  
Mirjana Hadnadjev ◽  
Vesna Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are a significant cause of hospital-acquired bacteremias. There is an increase of infections induced by methicillin-resistant strains, with growing resistance to other antibiotics. The aim of the study was to analyze the resistance of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hemocultures in a five-year period. The study was carried out in the microbiology laboratory of the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, from 2008 to 2013. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 196 hemocultures. Susceptibility tests were performed using the disc diffusion method. Of 196 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 122 (62.2%) were resistant to methicillin, of which 112 (91.8%), 105 (86.1%), 103 (84.4%), 88 (72.1%) were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin, respectively. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Multiple resistance was registered in 100 (82%) strains. The most common resistance pattern was gentamicin-erythromycin-clindamycinciprofloxacin. Multiple resistance was established in a significant percentage of methicillin-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in sheep: Causes and their sensitivity to antibiotics

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
Igor Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

The California mastitis test (CMT) was used to examine the milk of 6609 sheep, actually, from 13218 mammary complexes. A total of 986 milk samples were found to contain an increased number of somatic cells, and causes of mastitis were isolated from 910 (92.3%) of these samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were: E. coli isolated from 189 (20.76%) samples, Micrococcus sp from 186 (20.43%) samples, Bacillus sp. from 177 (19.45%), Staphylococcus aureus from 172 (18.9%) samples, and Proteus sp. from 121 (13.29%) samples of sheep milk. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in a much smaller number, from 25 (2.74%) samples, Streptococcus sp. was isolated from 19 (2.08%) samples, Pseudomonas sp. from 14 (1.53%) samples, haemolytic E. coli was isolated from only 6 (0.65%) samples, and Streptococcus agalactiae from only one sample. Among the 25 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16 (64%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes, and 9 (36%) isolates as Staphylococcus simulans. The sensitivity of the isolated causes of mastitis to antibiotics was examined using the disc diffusion method. .

scholarly journals The investigation of new forms of resistance to some antibiotics in E coli strains isolated from piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Ruzica Asanin ◽  
Milenko Zutic ◽  
Jelena Asanin ◽  
Dusan Misic ◽  
Jadranka Zutic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
O Antigens

The resistance of bacteria poses a significant problem everywhere in the world, and consequently in our country as well. The non-critical use of antibacterial medicines in human and veterinary medicine has contributed to the spreading of this resistance. Due to the topical importance of this problem, large numbers of states in the world are financing projects of which the objective is to follow and monitor bacterial resistance. The objective of this investigation was to isolate and identify pathogenic strains of E. coli from piglets with clinically manifest diarrhea and to examine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to a certain number of selected antibiotics. The material for these investigations were parts of intestines (jejunum, ileum) from piglets that died, rectal smears and feces of diseased piglets sampled pig farms in the vicinity of Belgrade. Conventional methods of microbiological diagnostics were used for isolation, and conventional and commercial tests API 20E (bio Merieux, France) were used for identification. Following biochemical identification using hyper immune serums for certain group (O) antigens: (O8, O138, O139, O147, O149, and O157), the serological typization of the strains was carried out. Commercial antiserums: T K88 (F4), K99 (F5), and 987P (F6), Toxigenic E. coli pili antisera, Denka Seiken Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) were used to establish the presence and to identify fimbrial antigens-adhesions through slide agglutination reaction. The sensitivity of the antibiotics to the isolated strains of E. coli was examined using the disc diffusion method according to Kirby Bauer and the microdillution method in bouillon according to CLSI recommendations (2008). Examinations using the microdillution method in bouillon were performed with pure active antibiotic substances: ampicillin, apramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin (Sigma, USA). A total of 400 E. coli strains were isolated, including 48 E. coli strains that are within the category of pathogenic strains. Out of the total number of pathogenic strains of E. coli, 32 (66.67%) were found to be multi resistant to 3 or more than 3 antibiotics, and 16 (33.33%) pathogenic strains of E. coli were resistant to 2 or 1 of the examined antibiotics. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin was established in 89.58% isolated strains of E. coli, and to ciprofloxacin in 37.5% strains. The lowest percentage of resistance to ceftriaxone was established in 4.17% strains of E. coli. The isolated strains of E. coli were also found to be resistant to certain amino glycosides antibiotics. Thus, resistance to apramycin was established in 18.75% strains whose MIC values were higher than 128 ?g/mL. Resistance to kanamycin was established in 52.08% strains of E. coli, and in these, 96.00% strains showed MIC kanamycin values of over 256?g/mL. Resistance to the third amino glycosides antibiotic, gentamicin, was established in 33.33% E. coli strains. All the E. coli strains that led to diarrhea in piglets were resistant to at least two antibiotics, and more than 50% strains were found to be resistant to more than 3 antibiotics. It is significant to stress that all isolated strains of E. coli covered by these investigations were sensitive only to amikacyn. .

Biofilm formation and Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram: An Evaluation of screening methods for biofilm formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4991
Author(s):  
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran* ◽  
Sarasa S. ◽  
Sheila Doris T. ◽  
Balan K. ◽  
Sangeetha Vilwanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biofilm Production

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is of significant clinical interest, as biofilm development impacts the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy and the subsequent outcome of an infection. The present study is undertaken to detect the biofilm production and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated for the first time from pus, blood, catheter, IV cannulas were included in the study. Biofilm detection was done by tube method and Microtitre plate method. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method. By tube method and Microtitre plate method 26% and 46% of the isolates were identified as biofilm producers. By Microtitre plate method, BHI broth (Brain heart infusion broth) and BHI broth with sucrose was used and the difference in the biofilm forming ability was compared. When BHI broth with sucrose was used 69% showed biofilm formation whereas when tested with BHI broth, only 46% were identified as biofilm producers. Good sensitivity was observed for Amikacin (88%) and cefotaxime (82%). MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was detected among 19% of the isolates. Among the biofilm producers if there are drug resistant bacteria like MRSA the problem becomes challenging and requires combination of several antibiotics. Hence Screening for biofilm production by bacterial isolates should be performed. Infection control program should address the effective execution of disinfection procedures.

scholarly journals Imipenem Resistance Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Hasbi Ara Mostofa ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Maniul Hasan ◽  
Moonmoon Shormin ◽  
Bithi Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Imipenem Resistance

Introduction: The emergence of antibiotics resistance bacteria is a persistent global problem affecting public health. The occurrence and widespread resistance to Imipenem among hospital bacterial isolates can constitute a significant threat to chemotherapy. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the imipenem resistant pattern among gram-negative bacilli isolated from different samples in Dhaka medical college hospital. Methods: A total of 300 samples (wound swab, urine, endotracheal aspirate, blood, and sputum) were collected from July 2015 to June 2016. Two hundred four gram-negative bacilli were isolated and tested for resistance to imipenem by the disc diffusion method. Results: Among 204-gram negative bacilli, 39.21% imipenem resistance was detected by the Disc Diffusion method. 14.7% imipenem resistance gram-negative bacilli were from wound swab. 83.33% of Acinetobacter baumannii were Imipenem resistant. Conclusions: Imipenem resistance is widespread among gram-negative bacilli isolated from human infections. Imipenem resistance (39.21%) found in the study is quite worrisome. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2020, Vol.12(1); 3-5

scholarly journals Phenotypic identification of bacteria to the family Enterobacteriaceae with resistance profile on inanimate surfaces in a University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e101101118508
Author(s):  
Joanna Francyne Silva de Barros ◽  
Isabel Cristina da Silva ◽  
Sandrelli Meridiana de Fátima Ramos dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Alyson Mykael Albuquerque Florenço ◽  
José Jamildo de Arruda Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
The Family

The aim of this study was to identify bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae with resistance profile on inanimate surfaces and utensils of sectors from a University Hospital of Pernambuco. Initially, the samples were collected on 25 inanimate surfaces and utensils of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hemodialysis Center and Medical Clinic in 2018. The samples were plated on MacConkey and SS agar and incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for 24 hours. After incubation, they were submitted to biochemical tests to confirm the presence of bacteria to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Subsequently, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was identified by the disc diffusion method, as well as by Hodge test; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL) by the disk diffusion and double disk diffusion tests; and metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacteria (MBL) through the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Eight surfaces or utensils of the 18 samples with Enterobacteriaceae presented resistance profile (44.4%). KPC was identified in 46.7% of the samples that presented bacteria with resistance profile, one presented simultaneously KPC and ESBL (6.65%), another one KPC and MBL concomitantly (6.65%) and 6 samples presented only ESBL (40%). Medical Clinic and Hemodialysis Center had the highest presence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The detection of resistant microorganisms in hospitals is worrying and emphasizes the importance of health professionals in acquiring knowledge about preventive measures to minimize hospital infections.

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