Phenotypic identification of bacteria to the family Enterobacteriaceae with resistance profile on inanimate surfaces in a University Hospital

The aim of this study was to identify bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae with resistance profile on inanimate surfaces and utensils of sectors from a University Hospital of Pernambuco. Initially, the samples were collected on 25 inanimate surfaces and utensils of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hemodialysis Center and Medical Clinic in 2018. The samples were plated on MacConkey and SS agar and incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for 24 hours. After incubation, they were submitted to biochemical tests to confirm the presence of bacteria to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Subsequently, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was identified by the disc diffusion method, as well as by Hodge test; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL) by the disk diffusion and double disk diffusion tests; and metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacteria (MBL) through the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Eight surfaces or utensils of the 18 samples with Enterobacteriaceae presented resistance profile (44.4%). KPC was identified in 46.7% of the samples that presented bacteria with resistance profile, one presented simultaneously KPC and ESBL (6.65%), another one KPC and MBL concomitantly (6.65%) and 6 samples presented only ESBL (40%). Medical Clinic and Hemodialysis Center had the highest presence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The detection of resistant microorganisms in hospitals is worrying and emphasizes the importance of health professionals in acquiring knowledge about preventive measures to minimize hospital infections.

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EMERGING RESISTANCE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.07.1647 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (07) ◽

pp. 822-827

Author(s):

Maria Ali Shoaib ◽

Usama Khalid Choudry ◽

Iram Saddiqa Aamir ◽

Qurrat-ul-Ain Aqeel ◽

Syed Ahsan Uddin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enteric Fever ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

First Line ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Blood Specimens

Objectives: To study the bacteriological profile of enteric fever and their antibioticsensitivity pattern to commonly used antibiotics in view of emerging resistance at Civil HospitalKarachi (C.H.K.) and provide a guideline for making a protocol for empirical antibiotic therapywhere culture facilities are not available. Methodology: Design: Descriptive laboratory Basedstudy. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted from 1st January, 2010 till 30thJune, 2012 at the Central Lab, Civil Hospital Karachi. Patients and Methods: A cross sectionalanalysis was done on a total of 37,805 blood specimens sent for C/S from the entire inpatient andoutpatient departments to the central lab, CHK. All blood cultures were inoculated in thioglycolatebroth and incubated at 37° for 7 days. Positive blood cultures were processed, colonies wereidentified using standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility was checked by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI criteria. Results: Out of these specimens, 430 sampleswere found positive for the salmonella strains, among them 395 (91.86%) were Salmonella typhiand 35 (8.14%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Salmonella infection was more common in male(55.85%) and more prevalent in children under 10 years of age (34.88%). The resistance patternfor Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, was (29%), (41%) and (5%) respectively;while the resistance was found to be higher in the commonly prescribed drugs belonging to firstand second generation of cephalosporins and flouroquinolones. Conclusion: Amoxicillin andChloramphenicol, the first line of drugs for the treatment of enteric fever are losing their efficacyand most of the organisms have developed resistance. Also, resistance against the second lineof therapy, involving the use of cephalosporins and quinolones is rapidly emerging.

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Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽

Md Abdul Malek ◽

AKM Fazlul Haque ◽

Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽

Marufa Zerin Akhter

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

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VARIATIONS IN PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ECOTYPES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. AND OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.14069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Eleena Panda ◽

Chinmay Pradhan ◽

Anath Bandhu Das

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

The Family ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

New Compounds ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Objective: The present study aims at the comparative analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of four ecotypes of Odisha, India, each of Oxalis corniculata L. (OC-Eco-1, OC-Eco-2, OC-Eco-3, OC-Eco-4) and Oxalis debilis Kunth. (OD-Eco-1, OD-Eco-2, OD-Eco-3, OD-Eco-4) of the family Oxalidaceae.Methods: The ecotypes were collected from four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Khurda) of Odisha, India. The qualitative phytochemical screening was done to test glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Further analysis of phytochemicals was also screened through TLC and HPTLC. Antimicrobial potentiality of leaf extract of various ecotypes was studied against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus epidermis by disc diffusion method.Results: Tannin and terpenoids estimation revealed that significantly high amount of phytoconstituents were present in OD-Eco-3 of O. debilis. The methanolic leaf extracts of each ecotype were screened for qualitative analysis of phytochemical through TLC and HPTLC that showed maximum 16 compounds in O. debilis (OD-Eco-3) a new report, as compared to O. corniculata. All the four ecotypes of O. debilis showed some new HPTLC bands (Rf 0.96, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81) as compared to O. corniculata that occupied 7.70%, 22.38%, 23.79% and 34.42% of peak area respectively. Cluster analysis on the basis of HPTLC banding pattern showed a close affinity among ecotypes of each species. Crude extracts showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermis. Leaf extracts of ecotypes of O. corniculata showed zones of inhibition and MIC better than that of O. debilis against S. epidermis.Conclusion: The findings significantly reported some new compounds for the first time in O. debilis. The study also indicated a promising potential of antimicrobial activity of O. debilis which was the first report.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from different clinical sources in Kirkuk provency

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1777 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Hajir Ali Shareef ◽

Shara Najmalddin Abdullah

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Vitek 2 ◽

High Level

One of the most important problems confronts hospitals is the strains emergence of Enterococcus spp. with multiple resistance to antibiotics, which propel researchers to modify or produce new antibiotics or combination between two antibiotics so that to be more effective against Enterococcus . This study was aimed to susceptibility some of local Enterococcus spp. Isolates with of 21 antibiotic using disc diffusion method. The results showed absolute resistant 100% toward (Cephalexin , Gentamycin , Amikacin ,Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid), while showed a high sensitivity toward (Vancomycin and Impenem ) at percentage of 92.3% for each . Also highly inhibitory activity were observed by using penicillins antibiotics groups against most Enterococcus isolates . which contribute to that non of the isolates showed it is ability to produce beta – lactamase enzymes by iodometric tube method. Also susceptibility to some new and synergetic antibiotic like Gentamicin High level(synergy), Streptomycin High level (synergy), Linezolid, Tigecycline, Levofloxacin, Quinupristin /Dalfopristin was conducted by Vitek-2 system. the results showed the absolute sensitivity (100%) of isolates toward ( Linezolid and Tigecycline). All isolates showed multiple –resistant prescription to antibiotics , the number of antibiotics that every isolates resisted range between 6-12 antibiotic .

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A Study for More Important Aerobic Diarrheal Bacteria in Children of AI-Qadisiya Governorate and its Susceptibility to Some Antibiotics

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v33i1.707 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jmela R. Esmaeel

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Class 1 ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study was conducted to investigate the dominate aerobic bacterial agents causing diarrhea in childrenand study its susceptibility against some antibiotics.For this goal, 460 stool specimens were collected from infected children aged from 1 month to 5 years atDiwaniya teaching hospital for obstetrics and pediatrics from April up to November 2004, study includealso the evaluation of some factors (age, sex, and residence area) on infected with diarrhea.Samples were cultured on different selective and differential media include blood agar, MacConkey agarand S-S agar and identified them by using biochemical tests with ensuring the results by API-20E systemand serological tests ..Results showed the obtaining of 214 bacterial isolates belonging to seven different genera (E.coli,Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shigella, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus) with the percentage(45.79%, 14.94%,13.08%, 12.61 %,10.7%,1.86%, and 0.93%) respectively.The study showed that there are no differences between increases or decrease of diarrhea infection andseason or month and the highest ratio of infection were in September, August, June, and May.Regarding age influences, the first age class (1-6) months was subjected to infection more regarding sex. Itappeared that the percentage of infection in male was 60.43% in compare with females 39.5% while theratio of infection in city's children was 68.47%, whereas in village's children it was 31.52%.Susceptibility test of these isolates to different antibiotics by using disc diffusion method showed that mostof these bacterial isolates were sensitive (100%) to ciprofloxacin and resistant (100%) to Ampicillin, whilediffered in its sensitivity to the other antibiotics.

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Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production by disc diffusion method among Pseudomonas species from various clinical samples

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care ◽

10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_570_19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 683

Author(s):

Shailesh Kumar ◽

Ashish Kothari ◽

BalramJi Omar ◽

Kamini Kiran

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Pseudomonas Species

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Phenotypic Characterisation of Klebseilla pneumoniae Carbapenemase and Metallo Beta-lactamase in Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4298 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thresia . ◽

Surya Sankar ◽

Siju Joseph ◽

V.R. Ambily ◽

Anu Bosewell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confirmatory Test ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Carbapenem Resistant

Background: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern in the therapy of clinical infections worldwide. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have confirmed an increase in the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with dogs, which could act as a potential source for the transfer of these resistant pathogens or their genetic determinants to human. Since carbapenems are the last resort drugs against these resistant pathogens, the study was aimed to isolate and characterise carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) associated with common clinical infections in dogs.Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from lesional skin, urine and anterior vagina of dogs presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University at Mannuthy and Thrissur. The samples were cultured onto Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Mac Conkey (MAC) for isolation of bacteria. Identification of the isolates was performed based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test (ABST) against the 12 commonly used beta-lactam and non–beta-lactam group of antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further subjected to screening for ESBL double disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to phenotypic confirmatory test for carbapenemase production employing Imipenem-EDTA and Ertapenem-boronic acid minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) strip method.Result: Forty four Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained were viz., E. coli (30), K. pneumonia (11) and P. aeruginosa (3) from the 100 samples. Apart from these, other isolates obtained were Staphylococcus spp. (53) and Bacillus spp. (2). All the Gram-negative isolates were subjected to ABST employing 12 common antibiotics belonging to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam groups. Multidrug resistance (MDR) could be observed in 28 E. coli, 11 K. pneumoniae and three P. aeruginosa isolates. All the 42 MDR isolates showed positive results for ESBL production. A total of 14 isolates out of the 44 Gram-negative bacilli were found to be resistant to carbapenem either to imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem. Among the 14 Gram-negative isolates, nine turned out to be positive for metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and none for K. penumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) on phenotypic confirmatory test for detecting major carbapenemase enzymes. The present study documented that Gram- negative bacteria like E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs are showing an increase rate of resistance against carbapenems which are the last resort drugs against ESBL producers. Hence, there is an urgent need to curb the irrational and excessive use of antibiotics in veterinary sector.

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In vitro antifungal resistance profile of Candida strains isolated from Saudi women suffering from vulvovaginitis

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-019-0399-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohamed T. Yassin ◽

Ashraf A. Mostafa ◽

Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽

Rashad Bdeer

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Agents ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Its Sequencing ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Profile

Abstract Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) represents a universal health hazard that contributes to significant morbidity in women. Resistance of Candida to antifungal therapy has been reported as a public health problem. So, the objective of our current study is to detect resistance profile of different candidal strains. Methods In this study, isolated Candida strains were identified by conventional methods, confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, and phylogenetically analyzed with reference strains in GenBank. Also, sensitivity of different Candida strains to common antifungal agents was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Results Candida albicans was identified as the most frequent strain (63%) followed by non-albicans strains, such as C. glabrata (20%), C. tropicalis (13%), and C. krusei (4%). Sensitivity of Candida strains (C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata) to commonly used antifungal agents was evaluated through the disc diffusion method. C. glabrata was the most resistant strain and considered to be a multidrug-resistant pathogen, while both, C. albicans and C. tropicalis showed high susceptibility to terbinafine. In contrast, C. albicans showed resistance to fluconazole, clotrimazole, and nystatin, while C. tropicalis, considered as the most sensitive strain, was susceptible to all the antifungal agents tested except nystatin. Terbinafine was the most effective antifungal agent against both C. tropicalis and C. albicans, and hence its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for C. albicans and C. tropicalis were evaluated. MICs of terbinafine against C. albicans and C. tropicalis were 5 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml, while their MFCs were 10 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The emergence of resistant Candida strains necessitates conduction of the antifungal susceptibility test prior to deciding the medication regime.

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Otitis media with effusion in Lebanese children: prevalence and pathogen susceptibility

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215111001587 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 125 (9) ◽

pp. 928-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S C Nasser ◽

N Moukarzel ◽

A Nehme ◽

H Haidar ◽

B Kabbara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Tube Placement ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Resistance Profile

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial pathogens present in the middle ear of children with otitis media with effusion, and to report beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant bacteria for the first time in Lebanese children.Method:We included 62 patients younger than 12 year (107 ears), who underwent myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement for persistent otitis media with effusion. Bacteria were identified by Gram staining and biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivities tested by the disc diffusion method and via minimum inhibitory concentration (E-test).Results:The commonest pathogen wasHaemophilus influenzae(62 per cent), followed byStreptococcus pneumoniae(26 per cent). TheH influenzaeresistance profile was highest for amoxicillin (81.0 per cent) and lowest for cefotaxime (19.0 per cent). There was a high risk of developingH influenzaeantibiotic resistance among children with a history of smoking exposure (p = 0.001), recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (p = 0.001) or previous antibiotic treatment (p = 0.005). Fifty-two per cent ofH influenzaecolonies were found to be beta-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant.Conclusion:In these children with persistent otitis media with effusion,H influenzaewas the most prevalent bacteria. It showed a high incidence of resistance to the antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat acute otitis media.

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The role of the bla KPC gene in antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v11i4.1465 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Atossa Ghasemnejad ◽

Monir Doudi ◽

Nour Amirmozafari

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produce K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) have be- come a grave concern for the treatment of infections. KPC-producing strains are not only able to hydrolyze carbapenems but are also resistant to a variety of β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics. The present study evaluated the prevalence of bla in K. pneumoniae infections and determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Materials and Methods: The K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by genotyping. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed to detect carbapenemases, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for all isolates by the disc diffusion method. Also, for MHT-positive isolates, supposed to carbapenemases isolates, broth microdilution method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and colistin. Results: The bla KPC genotypic evaluation revealed that only 5 of 96 isolates carried bla genes. Antimicrobial pattern showed that isolates carrying bla were resistant to cefepime, ticarcillin/tazobactam, and aztreonam discs. Also, results of broth microdilution method showed that KPC-producing K. pneumoniae was resistant to meropenem and colistin, according to the CLSI and EUCAST. Conclusion: In this study nearly half the isolates showed carbapenemase activity as shown by MHT results, but only few of them were carrying bla . Thus bla gene is not the main cause of resistance spread to carbapenems in Isfahan, Iran.

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